1、Designation: D 3950 07Standard Specification forStrapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping andjoi
3、ning methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, andbundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, andbracing for car loading and truck loading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest meth
4、od portion, Section 12, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory l
5、imita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ASQC Z 1.4 Sampli
6、ng Procedures and Tables forInspection by Attributes3ANSI/ASQC Z 1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming33. Terminology3.1 For general definitions of packaging and distributionenvironments, see Terminology D 996.4. Classification4.1 Types and Grades:Ty
7、pe I Strapping, bonded rayon cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Type IA Strapping, bonded, or woven polyester cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Grade 4Extra heavy duty.Grade 5Special duty.Grade 6Special duty.Grade 7Special duty.Type II Strapping,
8、polypropylene plastic.Type III Strapping, nylon plastic.Type IV Strapping, polyester plastic.5. Ordering Information5.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:5.1.1 Type, grade, and dimensions required (see 4.1 and7.1),5.1.2 Length per coil (see 8.1),5.1.3 Joining method (see 6.2), type
9、and size required (ifneeded),5.1.4 If an embossed finish on strapping is desired orallowed (see Footnote in Table 1),5.1.5 Make and model of strapping equipment that thestrapping and joining method must work in, if applicable,5.1.6 Coil dimensions (see 8.1),5.1.7 Level of packaging and packing if ot
10、her than commer-cial (see Section 15), and5.1.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials shall be of the quality necessary to meet thephysical requirements within the allowable dimensions.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackag
11、ing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 3950 06e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
12、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM Int
13、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.1 Type IStrapping shall consist of longitudinal rayoncords bonded with a plastic binder so that a nonwoven materialis formed.6.1.1.1 Type IAStrapping shall consist of longitudinalpolyester cords bonde
14、d with a plastic binder to form anonwoven material or longitudinal polyester cords woven witha weft thread and treated with a plastic binder to form a wovenmaterial.6.1.2 Type IIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolypropylene.6.1.3 Type IIIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientednylon.6.1.4 Ty
15、pe IVStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolyester.6.2 Joining MethodsIf seals or buckles are to be used,they shall be steel and have a coating of zinc, black iron oxide,or equivalent protection from corrosion, or buckles may bemade of plastic.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Breaking Strength and El
16、ongation (see 12.2):7.1.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall conform to thebreaking strengths and elongations prescribed in Table 2 andTable 3.7.1.2 Type II strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 1.7.1.3 Type III strapping shall conform to the breakingst
17、rengths and elongations prescribed in Table 4.7.1.4 Type IV strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 5.7.2 Transverse strength of Types I and IA strapping shall bea minimum of 2.75 lbf (12.2 N) and 2.25 lbf (10 N),respectively, when tested in accordance wi
18、th 12.4.7.3 Joint Strength (see 12.3).7.3.1 Type I and Type IA Grade 1 and Grade 2 joinedstrapping shall have a strength of not less than 45% of theminimum breaking strength of the strapping grade and sizelisted in Table 2 and Table 3.7.3.2 Type IA Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, andGrade 7 join
19、ed strapping shall have a strength of not less than55 % of the minimum breaking strength of the strapping gradeand size listed in Table 3. Test data are available to substantiatethis conclusion.TABLE 1 Breaking Strengths of Type II Strapping (PP)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof Strapping
20、MinimumBreaking Strengthin. (mm) in. (mm)Alb (N)B0.197 (5.0) 0.0120 (0.30) 80 (360)0.197 (5.0) 0.0145 (0.37) 100 (440)0.234 (5.9) 0.0135 (0.34) 130 (580)0.234 (5.9) 0.0140 (0.36) 155 (690)0.236 (6.0) 0.0130 (0.33) 135 (600)0.234 (5.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 180 (800)0.236 (6.0) 0.0173 (0.44) 190 (850)14 (6.4
21、) 0.0135 (0.34) 134 (600)14 (6.4) 0.0150 (0.38) 180 (800)14 (6.4) 0.0250 (0.64) 200 (890)0.351 (8.9) 0.0130 (0.33) 200 (899)0.354 (9.0) 0.0142 (0.36) 225 (1 000)0.351 (8.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0173 (0.44) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0181 (0.46) 270 (1 200)38 (9.5) 0.0180 (0.46) 250 (
22、1 110)38 (9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 290 (1 290)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 390 (1 730)38 (9.5) 0.0250 (0.64) 400 (1 780)0.413 (10.5) 0.0190 (0.48) 360 (1 600)0.413 (10.5) 0.0201 (0.51) 360 (1 600)0.413 (10.5) 0.0248 (0.63) 460 (2 050)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 550 (2 450)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 540 (2 400)0.
23、413 (10.5) 0.0230 (0.58) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0140 (0.36) 300 (1 330)716 (11.1) 0.0190 (0.48) 350 (1 560)716 (11.1) 0.0230 (0.58) 420 (1 870)716 (11.1) 0.0250 (0.64) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0300 (0.76) 550 (2 450)0.468 (11.9) 0.0215 (0.55) 450 (2 000)0.472 (12.0) 0.0169 (0.43) 360 (1 600)0.472 (1
24、2.0) 0.0212 (0.54) 460 (2 050)0.472 (12.0) 0.0252 (0.64) 550 (2 450)0.480 (12.2) 0.0190 (0.48) 400 (1.780)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 390 (1.750)12 (12.7) 0.0170 (0.43) 350 (1 570)12 (12.7) 0.0220 (0.56) 450 (2 020)12 (12.7) 0.0200 (0.51) 530 (2 360)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 660 (2 940)12 (12.7) 0.0260 (0
25、.66) 550 (2 450)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 810 (3 600)0.468 (12.0) 0.0255 (0.65) 540 (2 400)0.591 (15.0) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 050 (4 660)58 (15.9) 0.0150 (0.38) 500 (2 200)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 680 (3 020)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.76) 950 (4 220)0.728 (18.5) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 300 (5 770)34 (19.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 72
26、5 (3 220)114 (31.8) 0.0350 (0.89) 2 200 (9 790)114 (31.8) 0.0500 (1.27) 3 100 (13 790)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvilmicrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominalthickness no greater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced
27、 strap-ping of the same width and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 7 to 35 %.TABLE 2 Breaking StrengthsAof Type I Bonded Rayon CordStrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)14 (6.4) 2 235 (1045)38 (9.5) 12290 (1290)350 (1555)12 (12.7) 124
28、10 (1820)465 (2070)58 (15.9) 123525 (2335)585 (2600)765 (3400)34 (19.1) 123640 (2845)700 (3110)900 (4000)114 (31.8) 3 157 (7005)ARange of elongation at break is from 10 to 15 %.D39500727.3.3 Types II, III, and IV joined strapping shall have astrength of not less than 45 % of the minimum breakingstre
29、ngth corresponding to the dimensions of the strap listed inTable 1, Table 4,orTable 5.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The minimum length per coil of strapping shall be asspecified in the following tables according to type, grade, size,and coil width. The coil shall be an oscillating or r
30、ibbon wind.8.1.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall be furnished withthe minimum feet per coil according to size and grade asprescribed in Table 6.8.1.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be furnished withthe minimum feet per coil in accordance with the size and coilwidth in Table 7.9. Workmanshi
31、p, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall be straight, clean,have good webbing, and be free of cracks and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be straight, clean,and free of kinks, edge curvature, cracks, and other defects th
32、atmay affect the serviceability.9.3 Splices may be made if they do not affect the service-ability of the strapping in strapping equipment and have abreak strength equal to at least 50% of the strap break strength.No more than one splice per coil will be permitted.TABLE 3 Breaking StrengthsAof Type I
33、A Bonded or WovenPolyester Cord StrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)14 (6.4)(6.0)23300 (1 335)540 (2 400)38 (9.5)(9.0)23450 (2 000)780 (3 480)12 (12.7) 1 400 (1 780)(12.7) 2 600 (2 670)(13.0) 3 1 050 (4 670)(13.0) 4 1 360 (6 050)58 (15.9) 1 500 (2 225)(15
34、.9) 2 725 (3 225)(16.0) 3 1 310 (5 830)(16.0) 4 1 650 (7 340)34 (19.1) 2 900 (4 000)(19.0) 3 1 585 (7 060)(19.0) 4 1 830 (8 150)(19.0) 5 2 600 (11 570)114 (32.0) 2 1 830 (8 150)(32.0) 3 2 105 (9 370)(32.0) 4 3 285 (14 620)(32.0) 5 4 200 (18 680)112 (38.0) 4 4 400 (19 570)112 (38.0) 5 5 400 (24 030)1
35、58 (40.0) 6 7 700 (34 265)158 (40.0) 7 11 000 (48 950)ARange of elongation at break is from 9 to 15 %.TABLE 4 Breaking Strengths of Type III Strapping (Nylon)Nominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)Nominal Thicknessof Strapping, in. (mm)Minimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)A716 (11.1) 0.017 (0.43)0.023 (0.58)
36、0.029 (0.74)420 (1870)560 (2490)700 (3110)12 (12.7) 0.015 (0.38) 420 (1870)0.020 (0.51) 560 (2490)0.025 (0.64) 700 (3110)0.030 (0.76) 900 (4000)ARange of elongation at break is from 12 to 25 %.TABLE 5 Breaking Strengths of Type IV Strapping (PET)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof Strapping
37、MinimumBreaking Strengthin. (mm) in. (mm) lb (N)A0.351 (8.9) 0.0190 (0.48) 390 (1 730)0.354 (9.0) 0.0205 (0.52) 400 (1 780)38 (9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 310 (1 380)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 420 (1 870)0.413 (10.5) 0.0195 (0.50) 430 (1 910)0.413 (10.5) 0.0205 (0.52) 460 (2 050)0.413 (10.5) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2
38、 220)0.413 (10.5) 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.413 (10.5) 0.0255 (0.65) 575 (2.550)0.413 (10.5) 0.0265 (0.67) 600 (2 660)716 (11.1) 0.0160 (0.41) 360 (1 600)716 (11.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 460 (2 050)716 (11.1) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 220)716 (11.1) 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0168 (0.43) 470 (2 090
39、)0.468 (11.9) 0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.468 (11.9) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0275 (0.70) 750 (3 340)0.468 (11.9) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)0.472 (12.0) 0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.472 (12.0) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.472 (12.0) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 420 (1 87
40、0)12 (12.7) 0.0170 (0.43) 470 (2 090)12 (12.7) 0.0200 (0.51) 560 (2 490)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 700 (3 110)12 (12.7) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 850 (3 780)0.615 (15.6) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 440)0.615 (15.6) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 100 (4 890)0.615 (15.6) 0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 120)0.6
41、15 (15.6) 0.0380 (0.97) 1 200 (5 328)0.615B(15.6) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 500 (6 670)0.615B(15.6) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0450 (1.14) 1 600 (7 120)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 700 (3 110)58 (15.9) 0.0250 (0.64) 870 (3 870)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4
42、450)58B(15.9) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 200 (5 340)58 (15.9) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 300 (5 780)34 (19.1) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 750 (7 780)34 (19.1) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 250 (10 010)34 (19.1) 0.0550 (1.40) 2 400 (10 680)34 (19.1) 0.0600 (1.52) 2 500 (11 120)0.985 (25.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 300 (10 210)0.985 (25.0) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 8
43、00 (12 460)114 (32.0) 0.0320 (0.82) 2 250 (10 010)114 (32.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 800 (12 460)AUltimate Elongation Range: 5 to 20 % (Standard Elongation PET),10 to 25 % (High Elongation PET)BDenotes High Elongation (H.E.) PET strapping.D395007310. Sampling Plan10.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a sup
44、pliers qualitycontrol system provides a similar degree of assurance as thatobtained through the use of this specification, the supplier mayuse that system in place of the system described in thisspecification. In case of conflict, provisions set forth inANSI/ASQC Z1.4 shall be used.10.2 Lot SizeThe
45、lot size shall be expressed in units ofcoils or joining methods, or both, and shall consist of allproducts of one type, grade, and size offered for acceptance atone time.10.3 Unit Sample One coil or one joining method shall beconsidered a unit. A minimum of 10 ft (3.05 m) per coil ofstrapping is req
46、uired to perform the tests.10.4 Rate of SamplingThe rate of sampling shall be inaccordance with ANSI/ASQC Z1.9; Table A-2 reduced inspec-tion level shall be used.11. Number of Tests11.1 TestsFor the determination of break strength, elon-gation, transverse strength, and sealed joint strength, an aver
47、-age of three specimens per coil shall be considered a completetest.11.2 RetestsWhen testing for elongation, if the specimenfails outside of the center third of the gage length or within 1in. of the jaws, a retest shall be made. If the percentage ofelongation or the break strength is less than the s
48、pecifiedminimum, a retest is permitted. In this retest, three consecutivespecimens must meet the minimum requirements.12. Test Methods12.1 The purpose of these test methods is to determine thestrength of the strapping and elongation, and the strength whenthe ends of the strapping are joined together
49、.12.2 The major properties of strapping used to reinforcepackages or bundle objects are the strapping tensile strength,elongation, and the joint strength. A proper balance of thesethree properties is required for maximum performance.12.3 Apparatus:12.3.1 Tensile TesterA test machine capable of loadaccuracies to within 61 %. For greater accuracy in performingthe elongation test, use an extensometer.12.3.2 ClampsCapstan or split-barrel-type grippingclamp 2 to 4 in. (51 to 100 mm) in diam
