1、Designation: D 4041 05Standard Practice forDetermining Spray Patterns of Mechanical PumpDispensers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4041; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of spray patternsfrom pump dispensers.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of
3、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Pac
4、kaging and Distribution Environ-ments3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology D 996 for applicable definitions.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice can be used to compare spray patterns ofdifferent pump dispensers and of different products.4.2 Spray patterns from pump dispensers will vary greatlywith t
5、he design of the actuator and the nature of the liquid.Liquids with differing physical properties will not necessarilyyield the same spray pattern when sprayed from the sameactuator. Likewise, actuators of different designs will yieldspray patterns distinct from each other when the same liquid isuse
6、d.5. Apparatus5.1 Target Support Stand, approximately 250 mm wide withthe vertical component approximately 400 mm high. The standshall be attached securely at right angles to the horizontalcomponent. The component shall be approximately 700 mmlong and free of air turbulence, that will provide for st
7、ationarypositioning of the paper target. An optional paper target ispositioned along the length of the horizontal component torecord fallout.5.2 Container Support Stand, that will position the pumpdispenser and container a specific distance and center them tothe target. (Alternatively, the pump disp
8、enser and containermay be held firmly by hand on a flat, horizontal surface.)5.3 Measuring Rule.5.4 Alcohol-Sensitive Paper, cut to the desired length andwidth.5.5 Plain White Paper, cut to the desired length and width.5.6 Dyes of Oil Base for Petroleum-Based Products orWater Base for Water-Based Pr
9、oductsThese dyes, whendissolved in the liquid, shall be in sufficient concentrate to givea strong color when sprayed onto the target paper.NOTE 1Dyes must be compatible and completely soluble in the testliquid. The dyed liquid shall be filtered prior to use to remove any solidparticles.6. Sampling6.
10、1 Select an appropriate number of dry, unused dispensersat random for the precision and bias desired.7. Conditioning7.1 If possible, condition the test specimens at 23 6 3C (736 5.4F) for not less than 4 h. If the test specimens are notconditioned at the recommended temperature, this should benoted
11、in the test report discussed in 10.1.7.2 Test pumps should be tested no sooner than 24 h afterassembly when possible. If the pumps are not conditioned atthe recommended time, this should be noted in the test reportdiscussed in 10.1.8. Procedure8.1 Attach the pump to the container of the test liquid.
12、NOTE 2If the plain white paper is selected as the target, then theliquid product must contain a dye. If the alcohol-sensitive paper is selectedas the target, then the liquid product must contain alcohol in order to stainthis special paper. This method is acceptable for all products.NOTE 3Liquid prod
13、ucts with water should not be tested on alcohol-sensitive paper, since the pattern will begin to change in size and shapeimmediately due to evaporation. With no alcohol to permanently stain the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packagingand is the direct responsibility
14、 of Subcommittee D10.33 on Mechanical Dispensers.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4041 97 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
15、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.alcohol-sensitive paper, the results may be un
16、reliable. This method isacceptable for products containing alcohol.8.2 If the pump dispenser is equipped with an overcap orlocking feature, remove or release them to permit the pumpdispenser to be in the operable mode. If the pump dispenserpossesses an adjustable product dispensing feature, make the
17、appropriate adjustment to the feature at this time as determinedby preliminary experimentation.8.3 Secure a sheet of the desired paper against the targetsupport stand. Take special care in ensuring that the paper isflat against the target support stand in a vertical plane. At thistime, the optional
18、horizontal paper target may be placed in thebottom of the target support stand.8.4 Prime the pump dispenser until a full discharge isobtained.8.5 Immediately place the primed pump dispenser at thedesired distance from the target (102 mm (4 in.), 152 mm (6in.), or 204 mm (8 in.) are common distances
19、used). The faceof the exit orifice should be parallel with the surface of thespray target and aim at the center of the spray target.8.6 Actuate the pump dispenser once manually or withmechanical/pneumatic means at a velocity equivalent to 60 to120 strokes/min, or at an appropriate velocity.8.7 Remov
20、e the target paper from the stand and allow it todry flat.8.8 If a spray pattern is irregular in shape, perform anadditional test with that pump.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 Measure the diameter of the concentrated pattern alongthe approximate X- and Y-axes. Spray patterns may not beround, so the
21、 aspect ratio of the X-axis by the Y-axis will behelpful in documenting non-round shapes. An average valuefor the two measurements may also be reported.9.2 If a void is found on the perimeter of the spray pattern,and this void affects the true measurement of the diameter,estimate the project of the
22、spray patterns arc through themeasurement axis. This defect should be documented in thereport.9.3 If a “pull,” a single concentrated group of spray particlesradiating from the spray patterns center to beyond the perim-eter of the spray pattern, is present, it should not be included inthe measurement
23、. This defect should be documented in thereport.9.4 If the axes of an oblong or elliptical pattern are not inline with the X- and Y-axes of the target, the long and short axesshould be measured and the angle of the pattern from theX-axis of the target should be documented in the report.9.5 If the sp
24、ray pattern results in a star shape, then thelongest dimensions on the X- and Y-axes should be recorded,and the irregular shape of the pattern should be documented inthe report.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 All identifications, that is, product, pump dispenser,temperature, d
25、osage, orifice size, type of target paper used,type of dye used and, if available, the properties of the liquidproduct (viscosity, density, and surface tension).NOTE 4The absorbency of the different types of target papers varyand this should be taken into consideration when comparing results fromano
26、ther test.10.1.2 Distance in millimetres or inches from orifice totarget.10.1.3 Verbal description of spray pattern (for example,round, oval, irregular, star-shaped, heavy, light, moderate,spotty, and so forth).10.1.4 Verbal description of fallout (for example, heavy,light, moderate, spotty, and so
27、forth).10.1.5 Measurement of the X- and Y-axes of the spraypattern; in increments of 1 cm,14 in. or12 in. are recom-mended.11. Keywords11.1 measurement of spray patterns from pump dispensers;pump dispensersspray pattern; spray pattern measurementASTM International takes no position respecting the va
28、lidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is su
29、bject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headqu
30、arters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This stand
31、ard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4041052
