1、Designation: D 4058 96 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forAttrition and Abrasion of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the attri-tion and abrasion resistance of catalysts and catal
3、yst carriers. Itis applicable to tablets, extrudate, spheres, and irregularlyshaped particles larger than about116 in. (1.6 mm) and smallerthan about34 in. (19 mm). The materials used in developingthe method exhibited losses on attrition less than 7 %; how-ever, the method should be applicable to ma
4、terials giving muchhigher attritions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address al
5、l of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 177 Practice for U
6、se of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Asample of catalyst or catalyst carrier is rotated for a setperiod o
7、f time in a cylindrical drum having a single baffle.Fines produced by attrition and abrasion in the test aredetermined by sieving through a standard sieve.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is considered to be a measure of thepropensity of a catalyst to produce fines in the course oftranspo
8、rtation, handling, and use. However, there is no abso-lute level of acceptability. The values obtained are significantprincipally in relation to values for other materials (or othersamples of the same material) of comparable size.5. Apparatus5.1 Acylindrical drum with inside dimensions of 10 in. (25
9、4mm) diameter and 6 in. (152 mm) long with a single radialbaffle 2 in. (51 mm) high extending the full length of thecylinder. A lid shall be provided and secured to the containerwithAllen-head screws, wing nuts or other suitable means as toensure that no fines escape during the test. The inside of t
10、hedrum should have a surface roughness no greater than about250 in. (6.4 m). (The roughness of cold-rolled steel or asmooth grind on a lathe is satisfactory.) A suitable design isshown in Fig. 1.5.2 Any convenient means of rotation, such as a ball millroller, geared to give the desired rate of rotat
11、ion of the drum.6. Sampling6.1 Obtain a representative sample of about 110 g of thematerial to be tested by gently splitting or quartering. Anysampling technique requiring extensive agitation or handlingwill cause some attrition and, therefore, compromise the resultsof the test.6.2 Gently sieve the
12、sample on a No. 20 (850-m) ASTMsieve.6.3 Transfer the presieved sample to a widemouthed con-tainer tared to the nearest 0.01 g.6.4 Dry the presieved sample in air for3hat400C. It maybe necessary to modify or eliminate this step when testingmaterials that might be decomposed or drastically altered by
13、the drying conditions.NOTE 1For example, an activated carbon catalyst may be treated for4 h at 190C in a vacuum oven.6.5 Cool the dried sample for at least 30 min in a desiccatorusing freshly regenerated 4A molecular sieves as the desiccant.The molecular sieves shall be regenerated at 220 to 260C.1T
14、his test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on PhysicalMe-chanical Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D
15、4058 96(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2Multiple samples can be handled simultaneously in 6.4 and6.5. However, they should remain in a desiccator before analyzing.7. Procedure7.1 Clean the test cylinder and lid of the apparatus using afine-bristle brush.7.2 Weigh ab
17、out 100 g of the pretreated sample from 6.5 tothe nearest 0.01 g. Record this weight as A.7.3 Transfer the weighed sample into the test cylinder.7.4 Carefully seal the cover and position the test cylinder forrotation.7.5 Rotate the test cylinder 1800 revolutions at a rate of 606 5 rpm.7.6 After the
18、rotation prescribed in 7.5, rotate the testcylinder until the baffle is at the top and tap the test cylinderwith a rubber mallet several times to allow the fines to settle tothe bottom of the test cylinder.7.7 Place a No. 20 (850-m) ASTM sieve with pan underthe test cylinder and carefully remove the
19、 cover.7.8 Pour the test sample onto the sieve. Use a fine-bristlebrush to clean out the test cylinder and its cover.7.9 Sieve the fines into the pan by gently shaking the sieveby hand; avoid excessive agitation (refer to 6.1).7.10 Dry the fraction on the sieve at the same conditionsused for the ori
20、ginal sample (refer to 6.4).7.11 Weigh the dried fraction to the nearest 0.01 g. Recordthis weight as B.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the percent loss on attrition as follows:Loss on attrition, % 5A 2 BA3 100 (1)Example: A = 100.00 g test sampleB = 98.60 g on sieve100.00 98.60!100.003 100 5 1.4 % (2)W
21、hen the loss on attrition is less than 1.0 %, report it as “lessthan 1 %.”9. Precision and Bias39.1 Test ProgramAn interlaboratory study was conductedin which the named property was measured in two separate testmaterials in nine separate laboratories. Practice E 691, modi-fied for non-uniform data s
22、ets, was followed for the datareduction. Analysis details are in the research report.9.2 PrecisionPairs of test results obtained by a proceduresimilar to that described in the study are expected to differ inabsolute value by less than 2.772S, where 2.772S is the 95%probability interval limit on the
23、difference between two testresults, and S is the appropriate estimate of standard deviation.Definitions and usage are given in Terminology E 456 andPractice E 177, respectively.95 % Repeatability 95 % ReproducibilityTest Result Interval (Within Interval (Between(Consensus Laboratory) weight % Labora
24、tories) weight %Mean) weight % (% of mean) (% of mean)6.24 0.31 (4.9) 0.90 (14.5)3.35 0.35 (10.4) 0.91 (27.1)9.3 BiasThis test method is without known bias, sincethere is no known standard for comparison.10. Keywords10.1 attrition; abrasion; catalyst; fines3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM In
25、ternational Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D321003.FIG. 1 Drum for Determining Attrition and Abrasion (Stainless Steel Fabrication)D 4058 96 (2006)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
26、 mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commi
27、ttee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me
28、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
29、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4058 96 (2006)3
