1、Designation: D4101 10aStandard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification is not intended for the selection
3、of materials but only as a means to call out plasticmaterials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials is to be made bypersonnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of thematerials, performance of the part, part design, man
4、ufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofhomopolymer, copolymers, and elastomer compounded with orwithout the addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylenerubbe
5、r, polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber), colorants,stabilizers, lubricants, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows for the use of those polypro-pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, andreground, provided that: (1) the requirements as stated in thisspecification are met,
6、 and (2) the material has not beenmodified in any way to alter its conformance to food contactregulations or similar requirements. The proportions of re-cycled, reconstituted, and reground material used, as well asthe nature and the amount of any contaminant, cannot bepractically covered in this spe
7、cification. It is the responsibilityof the supplier and the buyer of recycled, reconstituted, andreground materials to ensure compliance. (See Guide D7209.)1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.NOTE 1The properties included in this specification are those re-quired to i
8、dentify the compositions covered. There may be other require-ments necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specificapplications. These will be designated by using the suffixes given inSection 1.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Se
9、ction 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions pr
10、ior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusD149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andD
11、ielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD257 Test Met
12、hods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArcResistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD570 Test Method for Water Absorpt
13、ion of PlasticsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent andTime of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics1This specification is
14、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4101 - 10. DOI:10.1520/D410
15、1-10A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of th
16、is standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlasticsD696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-pansion of Plast
17、ics Between 30C and 30C with aVitreous Silica DilatometerD732 Test Method for Shear Strength of Plastics by PunchToolD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating MaterialsD790 Test Methods
18、for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion
19、 PlastometerD1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of PlasticsD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature ofPlasticsD1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (DielectricConstant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displa
20、cementProceduresD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD1822 Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to BreakPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D2117 Test Method for Melting Point of SemicrystallinePolymers by the Hot Stage Microscop
21、y Method3D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combu
22、stion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flex-ural Creep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3012 Test Method for Thermal-Oxidative Stability ofPolypropylene Using a Specimen Rotator Within an OvenD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusio
23、n and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD3641 Practice for Injection Molding Test Specimens ofThermoplastic Molding and Extrusion MaterialsD3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using Load and Displacement SensorsD3801 Test Method for Measuring t
24、he Comparative Burn-ing Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties ofPolymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary RheometerD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4329
25、Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD4364 Practice for Performing OutdoorAccelerated Weath-ering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated SunlightD4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards3D4812 Test Method for Unnotched Cantilever Beam ImpactResistance of PlasticsD5279 Test Method for Plastic
26、s: Dynamic MechanicalProperties: In TorsionD5420 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, RigidPlastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by aFalling Weight (Gardner Impact)D5630 Test Method for Ash Content in PlasticsD5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in the Classi-fication FormatD59
27、47 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensD6110 Test Method for Determining the Charpy ImpactResistance of Notched Specimens of PlasticsD6290 Test Method for Color Determination of PlasticPelletsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric
28、Materials and ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials by Therm
29、omechanical Analysis2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedure and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes42.3 DOT Standard:MVSS-302 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302Flammability of Interior Materials52.4 UL Standard:UL 94 Standard for Tests for Flammability of PlasticMaterials for Pa
30、rts in Devices and Appliances62.5 SAE Standards:7SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forColorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J1885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Int
31、eriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc Apparatus3Withdrawn.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.5Available from U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration, Offi
32、ce of Public Affairs and Consumer Participation, 400 7th St.,SW, Washington, DC 20590.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.7Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www
33、.sae.org.D4101 10a2SAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions See Terminologies D883 and D4805 fordefinitions of terms related to this specif
34、ication.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is appliedto the end of the screw while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare for the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area isbroken into two or more
35、 pieces, with sharp edges and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time in which the material is inthe closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to complete a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5
36、ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which a 80% of the specimens exhibit ductile failure3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturing. One where the puncture of the testplaque does not have cracks radiating more than 10 mmbeyond the cent
37、er of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the screw causing the melted material tofill the mold. The injection pressure along with the injectionspeed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection speed, nthe forward velocit
38、y of the screwduring the injection step.3.2.8.1 DiscussionInjection speed is a set position on theinjection molding machine ranging from slow to fast. Theinjection speed along with the injection pressure determines thevolumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.9 injection time, nthe time in which a consta
39、nt speci-fied pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when themold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperatur
40、e, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared bythe polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolefins. (See also PP-B, PP-H, and PP-R.)3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic co
41、polymers (PP-B,PP+EPR, or PP+EPDM)a propylene plastic consisting oftwo or more separate phases. The phases consist of a polypro-pylene homopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene randomcopolymer (PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elas-tomer having no other functional group, added in situ orphys
42、ically blended into the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propy-lene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-mers) having no functional group other
43、 than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene. Polypropylene random copoly-mers containing more than one additional monomer are oftencalled “terpolymers.”4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified intogroups according to basic composition. These groups aresubdivi
44、ded into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 3An example of this classification system is as follows. Thedesignation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found inTerminology D1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Tab
45、le PP.4.1.1 To facilitate the incorporation of future or specialmaterials not covered by Table PP, the “other/unspecified”category for group (00), class (0), and grade (0) is shown on thetable with the basic properties to be obtained from Table A,Table B, Table C, Table G, Table H, and Table T, as t
46、hey apply(see 4.3).4.2 Reinforced versions of the polypropylene materials areclassified in accordance with Table PP, Table A, Table C, TableG, and Table T. Table PP, Table B, and Table H specify theproperties of the unreinforced material, and Tables A, C, G, orT specify the properties after the addi
47、tion of reinforcements,pigments, fillers, or lubricants, at the nominal level indicated(see 4.2.1)4.2.1 Reinforcements and Additive MaterialsA symbol(single letter) will be used for the major reinforcement orcombinations thereof, along with two numbers that indicate thepercentage of addition by mass
48、, with the tolerances as tabu-lated as follows:Symbol Material ToleranceG Glass reinforced15 % 63 percentage pointsL Lubricant (that is, graphite,silicone, and stearates)to be specifiedM Mineral-reinforced15 % 63 percentage pointsR Reinforced-combinations/mixtures of reinforcementsor other fillers/r
49、einforcements63 percentage points based onthe total reinforcementNOTE 4This part of the system uses the type and percentage ofadditive to designate the modification of the base material. To facilitatethis designation, the type and percentage of additive can be shown on thesuppliers Technical Data Sheet, unless it is proprietary in nature. Ifnecessary, additional requirements shall be indicated by the use of thesuffix part of the system as given in Section 5.4.2.2 Specific requirements for reinforced, pigmented,filled, or lubricant polypropylen
