1、Designation:D410110a Designation: D4101 11Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification is not intende
3、d for the selection of materials but only as a means to call out plasticmaterials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials is to be made bypersonnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of thematerials, performance of the pa
4、rt, part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofhomopolymer, copolymers, and elastomer compounded with or without the addition of impact modifiers (eth
5、ylene-propylenerubber, polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber), colorants, stabilizers, lubricants, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows for the use of those polypropylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, and reground,provided that: (1) the requirements as stated in this s
6、pecification are met, and (2) the material has not been modified in any wayto alter its conformance to food contact regulations or similar requirements. The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, andreground material used, as well as the nature and the amount of any contaminant, cannot be practical
7、ly covered in this specification.It is the responsibility of the supplier and the buyer of recycled, reconstituted, and reground materials to ensure compliance. (SeeGuide D7209.)1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.NOTE 1The properties included in this specification a
8、re those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirementsnecessary to identify particular characteristics important to specific applications. These will be designated by using the suffixes given in Section1.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the te
9、st methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of re
10、gulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusD149 Test Method for Dielectric
11、Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials atCommercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of
12、 PlasticsD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating MaterialsD495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical ReagentsD570 Tes
13、t Method for Water Absorption of Plastics1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010.April 15, 2011. Published JanuaryApril 2011. Originally ap
14、proved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4101 - 10a.DOI: 10.1520/D4101-10A.10.1520/D4101-11.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stan
15、dards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurat
16、ely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
17、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Def
18、lection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid PlasticsD696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between 30C and 30C with a Vitreous SilicaDilatometerD732 Test Method for Shear Strength o
19、f Plastics by Punch ToolD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by ImpactD785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating M
20、aterialsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion PlastometerD1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of PlasticsD1505 Test Method for Density
21、 of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of PlasticsD1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displacement ProceduresD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD1822 Test
22、Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D2117 Test Method for Melting Point of Semicrystalline Polymers by the Hot Stage Microscopy Method0D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2565 Practice for X
23、enon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced ResinsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics(Oxygen Index)D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Fl
24、exural Creep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3012 Test Method for Thermal-Oxidative Stability of Polypropylene Using a Specimen Rotator Within an OvenD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by DifferentialScanning CalorimetryD3641 Practice
25、 for Injection Molding Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Molding and Extrusion MaterialsD3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement SensorsD3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD3
26、835 Test Method for Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary RheometerD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD4364 Practice for Performing Outd
27、oor Accelerated Weathering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated SunlightD4805 Terminology for Plastics StandardsD4812 Test Method for Unnotched Cantilever Beam Impact Resistance of PlasticsD5279 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In TorsionD5420 Test Method for Impact Resistanc
28、e of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight(Gardner Impact)D5630 Test Method for Ash Content in PlasticsD5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in the Classification FormatD5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics SpecimensD6110 Test Met
29、hod for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of PlasticsD6290 Test Method for Color Determination of Plastic PelletsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data
30、to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedure a
31、nd Tables for Inspection by Attributes43Withdrawn.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.D4101 1122.3 DOT Standard:MVSS-302 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302 Flammability of Interior Materials52.4 UL Standard:UL
32、94 Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances62.5 SAE Standards:7SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for Exterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for Colorfastness of Automotive Int
33、erior Trim MaterialsSAE J1885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior Materials Using Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled Xenon-ArcApparatusSAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled Xenon-ArcApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Ex
34、terior Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions See Terminologies D883 and D4805 for definitions of terms related to this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is applied to the end of the screw while the screw is rotating and
35、 retractingto prepare for the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area is broken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges and shows almostno plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time in which the material is in the closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle tim
36、e, nthe time required to complete a full injection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time, andmold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe temperature at which a 80% of the specimens exhibit ductile failure3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deforms pla
37、stically before fracturing. One where the puncture of the testplaque does not have cracks radiating more than 10 mm beyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that is applied to the end of the screw causing the melted material to fill themold. The injectio
38、n pressure along with the injection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection speed, nthe forward velocity of the screw during the injection step.3.2.8.1 DiscussionInjection speed is a set position on the injection molding machine ranging from slow to fast. The injections
39、peed along with the injection pressure determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.9 injection time, nthe time in which a constant specified pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the material as it is being injected into the mold, measured by
40、 a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when the mold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the mold during the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and on bothplatens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared by
41、 the polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolefins. (See also PP-B, PP-H, and PP-R.)3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B, PP+EPR, or PP+EPDM)a propylene plastic consisting of two or moreseparate phases. The phases consist of a polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H) or a po
42、lypropylene random copolymer (PP-R) matrixcontaining a dispersed olefinic elastomer having no other functional group, added in situ or physically blended into thepolypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propylene plastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 po
43、lypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propylene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or monomers)having no functional group other than the olefinic group copolymerized with propylene. Polypropylene random copolymerscontaining more than one additional monomer are often called “terpolymers.”4.
44、Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified into groups according to basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 3An example of this classification system is as follows. The designation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypro
45、pylene, as found in TerminologyD1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = general purpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.4.1.1 To facilitate the incorporation of future or special materials not covered by Table PP, the “other/unspecified” category forgroup (00), class (0), an
46、d grade (0) is shown on the table with the basic properties to be obtained from Table A, Table B, Table5Available from U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Participation, 400 7th St., SW,Washington, DC 20590.6Available fr
47、om Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.7Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D4101 113C, Table G, Table H, and Table T, as they apply (see 4.3).4.2 Reinforced versions
48、 of the polypropylene materials are classified in accordance with Table PP, Table A, Table C, Table G,and Table T. Table PP, Table B, and Table H specify the properties of the unreinforced material, and Tables A, C, G, or T specifythe properties after the addition of reinforcements, pigments, filler
49、s, or lubricants, at the nominal level indicated (see 4.2.1)4.2.1 Reinforcements and Additive MaterialsA symbol (single letter) will be used for the major reinforcement orcombinations thereof, along with two numbers that indicate the percentage of addition by mass, with the tolerances as tabulatedas follows:Symbol Material ToleranceG Glass reinforced15 % 63 percentage pointsL Lubricant (that is, graphite,silicone, and stearates)to be specifiedM Mineral-reinforced15 % 63 percentage pointsR Reinforced-combinations/mixtures of reinforcementsor other
