1、Designation: D4180 13Standard Test Method forVibratory Packing Density of Formed Catalyst Particles andCatalyst Carriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vibra-tory packing density of formed catalyst and catalyst c
3、arriers.For the purpose of this test, catalyst particles are defined asextrudates, spheres, or formed pellets of 0.8 to 4.8-mm (132 to316-in.) nominal diameter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standa
4、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
5、M Standards:2D3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and CatalysisE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1272 Specific
6、ation for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-ders3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D3766.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A preconditioned sample of formed catalyst or catalystcarrier is vibrated in a cylinder. The vibratory packing densityis determined from a known mass and vibrated volume.5.
7、Significance and Use5.1 This test method is to be used for measuring thevibratory packing density of formed particles that will notbreak up during sampling, filling, or vibrating of the measuringcylinder under test conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Glass Cylinders, capacity 250 mL, feed and measuring,confo
8、rming to Specification E1272, Class A.6.2 Vibrator,3conventional handheld, with hard rubber ormetal impactor.6.3 Feed Funnel, plastic, glass, or metal as shown in Fig. 1.6.4 Ring Stand, Vibrator Holder and Clamps as shown inFigs. 2 and 3.6.5 Desiccator, with a desiccant grade molecular sieve suchas
9、a No. 4A.6.6 Balance having sensitivity of 0.1 g.6.7 Drying Oven.7. Procedure7.1 Heat an adequate sample(s) at 400 6 15C for not lessthan 3 h. Normally, this treatment can take place in air.However, in the case of materials that might react with air atelevated temperatures (such as prereduced cataly
10、sts) the heattreatment should take place in an inert atmosphere. Cool afterheating the test sample(s) in a desiccator or other suitablecontainer to eliminate the possibility of moisture adsorptionprior to testing.NOTE 1These conditions may not be appropriate for all materials.NOTE 2Since many cataly
11、st formulations are strong adsorbents, theuse of a No. 4A indicating (cobalt-treated) molecular sieve as a desiccat-ing medium is suggested. The desiccant should be regenerated at 220 to260C as required.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct r
12、esponsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4180 03 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D4180-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w
13、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the vibrator known to the committee at this timeis Wahl Clipper Corp., Sterling, IL. Mod
14、el 4120 used at low speed is recommendedto replace Model 4180, which is discontinued. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1whic
15、h you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.2 Fill a tared feed-glass cylinder with 250 mL of looselypacked, dried catalyst and weigh immediately to the nearest0.1 g.7.3 Turn on the vibrator and carefully add th
16、e sample(s) tothe measuring cylinder through the feed funnel.7.4 Transfer all the catalyst to the measuring cylinder at auniform rate not less than 2 mL/s or exceeding 3 mL/s. Theentire transfer time should be between 83 and 125 s.7.5 After an additional 60 s turn off vibrator. Read thevibrated volu
17、me, V, to the nearest 1 mL by estimating theaverage level of the catalyst surface in the cylinder.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the vibratory packing density VPD as follows:VPD 5 W/Vwhere:W = mass of catalyst particles, g, andV = volume occupied by catalyst particles in measuringcylinder, mL.8.2 Vibra
18、tory packing densities are typically reported tothree significant figures.9. Precision and Bias49.1 Test ProgramAn interlaboratory study was conductedin which the named property was measured in two separate testmaterials in five separate laboratories. Practice E691, modifiedfor nonuniform data sets,
19、 was followed for the data reduction.9.2 PrecisionPairs of test results obtained by a proceduresimilar to that described in the study are expected to differ inabsolute value by less than 2.772 S, where 2.772 S is the 95 %probability interval limit on the difference between two testresults, and S is
20、the appropriate estimate of standard deviation.Definitions and usage are given in Terminology E456 andPractice E177, respectively.Test Result(consensus mean),kg/L95 % RepeatabilityInterval(within laboratory)kg/L (% of mean)95 % ReproducibilityInterval(between laboratories),kg/L (% of mean)0.68021.19
21、980.003 (0.48)0.007 (0.55)0.013 (1.94)0.041 (3.40)9.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of the vibratory packing density can bedefined only in terms of a test method.10. Keywords10.1 carriers; catalyst; packing density; vibratory4Supporting data have been filed at AS
22、TM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D32-1018.FIG. 1 Feed FunnelD4180 132ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
23、 advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei
24、ther reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atten
25、d. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. In
26、dividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 2 Assembly of ApparatusFIG. 3 Vibrator HolderD4180 133
