ASTM D4214-2007(2015) Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films《评估外用漆膜粉化程度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D4214 07 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forEvaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cov
3、er the evaluation of the degree ofchalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These testmethods describe the procedures recommended for transferringthe chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared tophotographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesivetapes, compared to a refl
4、ectance table or photographic refer-ence standards, to determine the degree of chalking.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associ
5、ated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterio
6、r PaintsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry2.2 Other Document:Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chalking, nthe formation on a pigmented coating ofa friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just ben
7、eaththe surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques andphotographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.5. Type of Chalking5.1 Only one type of chalking is recognized, as defined inSection 3.6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards6.1 The ph
8、otographic reference standards that are part ofthese test methods are representative of the degrees of chalkingon a paint film. The photographs shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 arefor illustration purposes only and should not be used forevaluation.6.2 The use of photographic reference standards illustrate
9、din Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 requires the following precautions:6.2.1 The degree of chalking will vary over any given area.Therefore, an average portion of the coating should be evalu-ated. On large surfaces, it is recommended that the rating bemade at several locations and the mean and range reported.6.2.
10、2 It is difficult to make readings on a windy day andmaking readings at such time should be avoided. It should alsobe noted that rain, snow, or moisture in any form will removechalk so that readings should be made after a period of clearweather and when the surface is dry.6.2.3 Chalking and erosion
11、(Note 1) are closely related.However, the rate of chalking as measured by these testmethods, and the rate of erosion may not be comparablebecause some pigment combinations tend to retain chalk on thesurface while other pigment combinations exert a self-cleaningaction by natural means.NOTE 1For the e
12、valuation of erosion, see Test Method D662.6.3 Records may be kept on forms4such as shown in Fig. 3.Reporting of the results shall include the information given inSection 8.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
13、and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4214 07. DOI:10.1520/D4214-07R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
14、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standards applicable to TestMethod A are contained in the
15、 publication Pictorial Standards of Coatings Defectsand may be obtained from the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.4These record sheets may be obtained from the Federation of Societies forCoatings Technology, 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 194
16、22.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.4 When these test methods is referenced in specificationsfor performance, the permissible degree of chalking is estab-lished between the producer and the user.7. Recommended Procedu
17、res7.1 Test Method ACloth Tape Method:7.1.1 MaterialFabric, as agreed upon between theproducer, user, or other interested parties, to rub against thesurface being tested. Black (or white for dark coatings) woolfelt, velvet, and velveteen have proven particularly effective.7.1.2 ProcedureWrap the fab
18、ric around the indexfingertip, then make a 50 to 75-mm (2 to 3-in.) stroke withmedium pressure on the coating under observation. Removethe fabric and compare the spot of chalk on it with Photo-graphic Reference Standard No. 1.NOTE 2Medium pressure can be quantified by placing the finger on abalance
19、or scale, and pressing downward until 3 to 5-lb pressure isobtained.7.2 Test Method BWet Finger Method:7.2.1 ProcedureMoisten a fingertip and with mediumpressure make one continuous rub 50 to 65 mm (2 to 212 in.)in length on the surface under test. The chalk from this testmethod should be rated as N
20、one, Visible, or Severe; however,some may prefer to use an even numbered scale of 10 to zero.7.3 Test Method CTransparent Tape Method:57.3.1 Materials:7.3.1.1 Cellulose Adhesive Tape, 13-mm (12-in.) wide,pressure-sensitive.7.3.1.2 Eraser,34 in. (20 mm), wrapped with cellophanetape.7.3.1.3 Masking Ta
21、pe, 13-mm (12-in.) wide.7.3.1.4 Plastic Sheet Protector, clear.7.3.1.5 Photographic Reference Standard No. 2, TNO.67.3.1.6 Reflectance Standard, polished black glass.7.3.1.7 Reflectance Standard, white tile.NOTE 3The black reference standard is necessary as the backgroundfor this measurement, since
22、the reflectance of black paper is too high.Reflectometers (tristimulus colorimeters), with 0 to 45 geometry, use theYvalue.7.3.2 Optional Materials:7.3.2.1 China Marker, black.5Permission to include this test method is provided as a courtesy of NLChemicals, Wyckoff Mills Rd., Hightstown, NJ 08520.6T
23、he TNO Method and photographic reference standard are provided as acourtesy of Verfinstituut TNO Paint Research Institute TNO, Schoemakerstraat 97,Delft, Nederland. The original source of the photographic reference standardillustrated in Fig. 2 is the Paint Research Institute, TNO. The ASTM numerica
24、lrating of chalking shown on the photographic reference standard is opposite to theoriginal TNO scale.FIG. 1 Photographic Reference Standard No. 1Test Method D659FIG. 2 Photographic Reference Standard No. 2Verfinstituut TNOD4214 07 (2015)27.3.2.2 Razor Blade.7.3.3 Preparation:7.3.3.1 Separately moun
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