1、Designation: D 4215 07Standard Specification forCold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers cold-mixed, cold-laid andrecycled cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixtures forbase, binder, level
3、ing, and surface courses.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity, and Absorption of Coarse Aggregates3C 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity, and Absorption of Fine Aggregates3C 136 Test Method for Sieve An
4、alysis of Fine and CoarseAggregates3D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD 242 Specification for Mineral Filler For Bituminous Pav-ing MixturesD 448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for R
5、oad andBridge ConstructionD 546 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler forBituminous Paving MixturesD 692 Specification for Coarse Aggregate for BituminousPaving MixturesD 977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD 1073 Specification for
6、 Fine Aggregate for BituminousPaving MixturesD 2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-CuringType)D 2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-CuringType)D 2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-CuringType)D 2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitu-men From Bituminous Pa
7、ving MixturesD 2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltD 2399 Practice for Selection of Cutback AsphaltsD 2489 Practice for Estimating Degree of Particle Coatingof Bituminous-Aggregate MixturesD 3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid BituminousPaving MixturesD 3628 Practice for Selecti
8、on and Use of Emulsified As-phaltsD 4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, andPlasticity Index of SoilsE 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D8.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stan
9、dard:3.2.1 cold-mixed, cold-laid bituminous paving mixturesmixtures of coarse and fine aggregates, or coarse or fineaggregate alone, with or without mineral filler, uniformlymixed and laid at or near ambient temperature.3.2.2 cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled bituminous pavingmixturesmixtures of bitume
10、n aggregate for recycling withadditional mineral aggregate as necessary, with or withoutmineral filler, mixed at or near ambient temperatures withadditional bitumen.3.2.3 bitumen-aggregate for recyclingbituminous pave-ment or paving mixture removed from its original location andreduced by suitable m
11、eans, after removal or in place, to suchparticle size as may be required for use in cold-mixed,cold-laid recycled bituminous paving mixtures.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for cold bituminous paving mixtures under thisspecification shall include the following information:4.1.1 Type of bitumen (em
12、ulsified asphalt, cutback asphalt),4.1.2 Grade of bitumen,4.1.3 The composition of the bituminous paving mixture(dense mixture and mix designation; open mixture and mixdesignation; open graded friction course mixture and mixdesignation),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、 D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.27 onCold Mix Asphalts.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4215 96 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
14、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
15、28-2959, United States.4.1.4 The maximum percentage of bitumen aggregate forrecycling permitted in the mixture, and4.1.5 The percentage of crushed particles required in theaggregate if different from that specified in 5.2.5. Aggregates5.1 The aggregates shall be crushed stone, crushed slag,crushed g
16、ravel, or sand conforming to the quality requirementof the appropriate ASTM specifications as follows:5.1.1 Coarse AggregateSpecification D 692.5.1.2 Fine AggregateSpecification D 1073.NOTE 1Other mineral aggregates, such as uncrushed gravel andcrushed shell, may be specified, provided that local ex
17、perience or testshave demonstrated their ability to produce satisfactory bituminous pavingmixtures.5.2 The aggregates for open-graded friction course mixturedescribed in Table number 2 of Specification D 3515 shall meetall the requirements of 5.1 with the added requirement that (1)the coarse particl
18、es, retained on the No. 4 sieve, be crushed sothat at least 90 weight percent have one or more fractured facesand 75 weight percent have two or more fractured faces, and(2) the coarse aggregate, or if a blend is used, the coarsestfraction be of a type known to possess adequate resistance tothe polis
19、hing action of the anticipated traffic.5.3 Recommended grading requirements for coarse and fineaggregate may be selected from Classification D 448 andSpecification D 1073, respectively. Other aggregate gradationsmay be used, provided that the combined coarse and fineaggregates, and filler, when used
20、, produce a mixture thatconforms to the requirements for grading of total aggregate asdescribed in Table number 1 of Specification D 3515.5.4 When cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled mixtures are pro-duced, aggregates conforming to 5.1 may be blended with thebitumen aggregate for recycling as necessary t
21、o produce theresults required by 5.3.6. Mineral Filler6.1 The mineral filler shall conform to Specification D 242.7. BitumenNOTE 2Practices D 2399 and D 3628 provide guidance in selectingtypes and grades of bitumen.7.1 When cutback asphalt is used it shall conform toSpecifications D 2026, D 2027, or
22、 D 2028.7.2 When emulsified asphalt is used it shall conform toSpecifications D 977 or D 2397.7.3 When cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled mixtures are pro-duced, bitumen conforming to 7.1 or 7.2 shall be added to thebitumen aggregate for recycling as necessary.NOTE 3Various bituminous modifiers or recyc
23、ling agents have beenused on a number of cold-mixed, cold-laid recycled bituminous pavingprojects. Specifications for these materials are being developed.8. Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures8.1 The mixture shall conform to one of the compositionsby weight given in Table number 1 of Specifica
24、tion D 3515.NOTE 4The mix designation selected should be determined by theintended use, thickness of paving courses, and desired texture. Therequired mix sbould be specified.8.1.1 Compositions shown in Table number 1 of Specifica-tion D 3515 are based on the use of fine and coarse aggregateshaving a
25、pproximately the same bulk specific gravities; gradingof the total aggregate, therefore, would be the same on either aweight or bulk volume basis. If the bulk specific gravities ofcoarse and fine aggregates differ greatly, it may be desirable tochange the grading limitations to compensate for these
26、differ-ences.8.2 A job mix formula shall be selected that comes withinthe specification limits and that is suitable for the traffic,climatic conditions, and specific gravities of the aggregatesused. Below the No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve size, the job-mixformula grading curve shall be reasonably parallel t
27、o the curvesof the grading limits as selected from Table number 1 ofSpecification D 3515.8.3 Any variation from the job-mix formula in the gradingof the aggregate, as shown by the sieve analyses of materials(Note 5) or, any variation from the job-mix formula in thebitumen content, as indicated by ex
28、traction tests of the finishedmixture (Note 6) greater than the tolerances shown in Tablenumber 3 of Specification D 3515, shall be investigated, andthe conditions causing such variation shall be corrected (Note7).NOTE 5It is recognized that the extraction test is a generally acceptedand approved me
29、thod for determining the composition of a bituminousmixture. However, due to the relatively wide difference in the bitumencontent and aggregate gradation sometimes found in individual samples ofmixture taken from the same lot, as shown by extraction tests, it isrecommended that the extraction test r
30、esults on individual small samplesbe used as an indication of the mix composition, and not as the sole basisfor acceptance or rejection of the product. It may be necessary todetermine both aggregate gradation and bitumen content from extractiontests samples.NOTE 6Cold mixtures require special prepar
31、ation in the form ofcuring prior to performing the extraction test. One recommended curingprocedure is to place the mixture to be extracted into a suitably large metalpan with a large spoon such that the mixture, in a loose state, is from 1 to112 in. (25 to 38 mm) in depth. Place the mixture, pan, a
32、nd spoon in anoven, conforming to Specification E 145, Type 1B, the temperature ofwhich has been adjusted to 250 + 5F (121 + 3C), for 3 h. At the end ofeach hour remove the pan and stir the mixture thoroughly for 1 min.Replace in the oven, except after the third hourly stirring, allow to cool toroom
33、 temperature. The extraction test is then performed on this curedmixture. (Other curing procedures may be used provided local experiencedemonstrates their ability to prepare mixtures properly for the extractiontest.)NOTE 7Application of tolerances may result in a gradation outside thecomposition lim
34、its in Table number 1 of Specification D 3515. This willnot be cause for investigation.9. Mixing Equipment9.1 The equipment for mixing shall be one of the following:9.1.1 Central PlantBatch, continuous, or drum mixer.9.1.2 Travel Plant, with own bituminous spray system orwith separate distributor.9.
35、1.3 Grader or Drag, with separate distributor.10. Mixing Operation10.1 Aggregate StorageAggregates furnished in differentsizes or from different sources shall be kept separate, andD4215072adequate provisions shall be made to keep them from becom-ing mixed or otherwise contaminated. Preblending of ag
36、gre-gates for travel plants and road mixing is permissible so longas grading requirements are maintained. Stockpiles shall bebuilt and the materials removed therefrom in such a manner asto minimize size segregation.10.2 Old Bituminous PavementBitumen aggregate forrecycling shall be reduced in size a
37、s may be required.Adequateprovisions shall be made to keep bitumen aggregate forrecycling from being mixed with aggregates or otherwisecontaminated.10.3 Preparation of BitumenThe bitumen shall be main-tained at a temperature at which it can be properly handledthrough the pumping system and uniformly
38、 distributedthroughout the mixture. At no time will the temperature of thebitumen be allowed to exceed the following:TemperatureBitumen F CCutback asphalt 250 121Emulsified asphalt 180 82NOTE 8The flash point of some grades of cutback asphalt is below250F; therefore, caution must be used when applyi
39、ng heat to cutbacks.10.4 Preparation and Handling of Mineral AggregatesEach aggregate shall be separately fed by feeders, except in thecase of preblended aggregates where only one feeder isrequired, in proper uniform proportion to produce a satisfac-tory mixture within the limits specified. In the c
40、ase of roadmixing a known uniform volume or weight of a singleaggregate, several aggregates, or preblended aggregate shall bewindrowed or otherwise placed on the road or mixing area.10.5 Preparation and Handling of Bitumen Aggregate forRecyclingBitumen aggregate for recycling shall be sepa-rately fe
41、d by a feeder, except in the case of preblendedaggregates where only one feeder is required, in properuniform proportions to produce a satisfactory mixture withinthe limits specified. In the case of road mixing, a knownvolume or weight shall be windrowed or otherwise placed onthe road or mixing area
42、.10.6 Preparation of MixtureThe proportions of the com-ponents of the mixture, within the limits specified, shall beregulated so as to produce a satisfactory mixture. The sequencein which the bituminous material is proportioned with theaggregate, aggregate and bitumen aggregate for recycling, orbitu
43、men aggregate for recycling may vary under differentmixing procedures.10.6.1 The mixing shall be accomplished in the shortesttime that will produce a satisfactory mixture.10.6.2 Minimum mixing time may be established on thebest coating obtainable or percentage of coated particles asdetermined by Tes
44、t Method D 2489. These values will varywith aggregate gradation, particle shape, and surface texture,and with the type of bitumen, bitumen content, and use forwhich the mix is intended.NOTE 9All the coarse particles may not be coated, particularly indense graded mixtures.10.7 Mixing Plant Inspection
45、The engineer or his autho-rized representatives shall have access at any time to all partsof the mixing plant in order to ensure the manufacture of themixture in strict accordance with this specification.11. Methods of Sampling and Testing11.1 Sample all material and determine the properties enu-mer
46、ated in this specification in accordance with the followingASTM standards:11.1.1 Sampling Mineral AggregatesPractice D75.11.1.2 Sampling Bituminous MixturesPractice D 979.11.1.3 Sieve Analysis of AggregatesTest Method C 136.11.1.4 Sieve Analysis of Mineral FillerTest MethodD 546.11.1.5 Determination
47、 of Bitumen ContentTest MethodsD 2172.11.1.6 Sampling Bituminous MaterialsPractice D 140.11.1.7 Specific Gravity of Coarse AggregateTest MethodC 127.11.1.8 Specific Gravity of Fine AggregateTest MethodC 128.11.1.9 Plasticity IndexTest Method D 4318.11.1.10 Percentage of Coated ParticlesTest MethodD
48、2489.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights
49、, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing
