1、Designation: D4417 11Standard Test Methods forField Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast CleanedSteel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the description of
3、techniquesfor measuring the profile of abrasive blast cleaned surfaces inthe laboratory, field, or in the fabricating shop. There areadditional techniques suitable for laboratory use not covered bythese test methods.1.2 Method B may also be appropriate to the measurementof profile produce using powe
4、r tools.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to cons
5、ult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Summary of Test Method2.1 The methods are:2.1.1 Method AThe blasted surface is visually comparedto standards prepared with various surface profile depths andthe range d
6、etermined.2.1.2 Method BThe depth of profile is measured using afine pointed probe at a number of locations and the arithmeticmean determined.2.1.3 Method CAcomposite plastic tape is impressed intothe blast cleaned surface forming a reverse image of the profile,and the maximum peak to valley distanc
7、e measured with amicrometer.3. Significance and Use3.1 The height of surface profile has been shown to be afactor in the performance of various coatings applied to steel.For this reason, surface profile should be measured prior tocoating application to ensure that it meets that specified. Theinstrum
8、ents described are readily portable and sufficientlysturdy for use in the field.NOTE 1Optical microscope methods serve as a referee method forsurface profile measurement. Profile depth designations are based on theconcept of mean maximum profile ( h max); this value is determined byaveraging a given
9、 number (usually 20) of the highest peak to lowest valleymeasurements made in the field of view of a standard measuringmicroscope. This is done because of evidence that coatings performancein any one small area is primarily influenced by the highest surfacefeatures in that area and not by the averag
10、e roughness.24. Apparatus4.1 Method AAprofile comparator consisting of a numberof areas (each approximately one square inch in size), usuallyside by side, with a different profile or anchor pattern depth.Each area is marked giving the nominal profile depth in mils ormicrometres. Typical comparator s
11、urfaces are prepared withsteel shot, steel grit, or sand or other nonmetallic abrasive,since the appearance of the profile created by these abrasivesmay differ. The comparator areas are used with or withoutmagnification of 5 to 10 power.4.2 Method BA dial gage depth micrometer fitted with apointed p
12、robe. The probe is typically machined at a 60 anglewith a nominal radius of 50 m. The base of the instrumentrests on the tops of the peaks of the surface profile while thespring loaded tip projects into the valleys.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Rela
13、ted Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4417 03. DOI:10.1520/D4417-11.2Jo
14、hn D. Keane, Joseph A. Bruno, Jr., Raymond E. F. Weaver, “Surface Profilefor Anti-Corrosion Paints,” Oct. 25, 1976, Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Stat
15、es.4.3 Method CA special tape3containing a compressiblefoam attached to a noncompressible uniform plastic film. Aburnishing tool is used to impress the foam face of the tape intothe surface to create a reverse replica of the profile that ismeasured using a spring-loaded micrometer.5. Test Specimens5
16、.1 Use any metal surface that, after blast cleaning, is free ofloose surface interference material, dirt, dust, and abrasiveresidue.6. Procedure6.1 Method A:6.1.1 Select the comparator standard appropriate for theabrasive used for blast cleaning.6.1.2 Place the comparator standard directly on the su
17、rfaceto be measured and compare the roughness of the preparedsurface with the roughness on the comparator segments. Thiscan be done with the unaided eye, under 5 to 10 powermagnification, or by touch. When using magnification, themagnifier should be brought into intimate contact with thestandard, an
18、d the depth of focus must be sufficient for thestandard and surface to be in focus simultaneously.6.1.3 Select the comparator segment that most closelyapproximates the roughness of the surface being evaluated or,if necessary, the two segments to which it is intermediate.6.1.4 Evaluate the roughness
19、at a sufficient number oflocations to characterize the surface as specified or agreed uponbetween the interested parties. Report the range of results fromall locations as the surface profile.6.2 Method B:6.2.1 Prior to use set the gage to zero by placing it on a pieceof plate float glass. Hold the g
20、age by its base and press firmlyagainst the glass. Adjust the instrument to zero.6.2.2 To take readings, hold the gage firmly against theprepared substrate. Do not drag the instrument across thesurface between readings, or the spring-loaded tip may becomerounded leading to false readings.6.2.3 Measu
21、re the profile at a sufficient number of locationsto characterize the surface, as specified or agreed upon betweenthe interested parties. At each location make ten readings anddetermine the mean. Then determine the mean for all thelocations and report it as the profile of the surface.6.3 Method C:6.
22、3.1 Select the correct tape range for the profile to bemeasured: coarse, 0 to 50 m (0 to 2 mils) and extra coarse, 40to 115 m (1.5 to 4.5 mils).6.3.2 Remove the wax paper backing and place the tape onthe prepared surface with the foam side down, that is, put thedull side down.6.3.3 Hold the tape fir
23、mly on the surface and rub the circularcut-out portion (approximately 6.5 mm (38 in.) diameter) withthe burnishing tool until a uniform gray color appears.6.3.4 Remove the tape and place it between the anvils of aspring-loaded micrometer. Measure the thickness of the tape(compressed foam and non-com
24、pressible plastic film com-bined). Subtract the thickness of the noncompressible plasticfilm to obtain the surface profile.6.3.5 Measure the profile at a sufficient number of locationsto characterize the surface, as specified or agreed upon betweenthe interested parties.At each location make three r
25、eadings anddetermine the mean. Then determine the mean for all thelocations and report it as the profile of the surface.7. Report7.1 Report the range and the appropriate average (mean ormode) of the determinations, the number of locations mea-sured, and the approximate total area covered.8. Precisio
26、n and Bias8.1 Test Method A:8.1.1 ApplicabilityBased on measurements of profiles onsurfaces of 8 steel panels, each blast cleaned with 1 of 8different abrasives to a white metal degree of cleaning, havingknown ratings of profile height ranging from 37 m (1.5 mils)to 135 m (5.4 mils), the correlation
27、 coefficient for TestMethod A was found to be 0.75 and the coefficient ofdetermination was found to be 0.54.8.1.2 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study of Test MethodA in which 2 operators each running 2 tests on separate days ineach of 6 laboratories tested 8 surfaces with a broad range ofprofile ch
28、aracteristics and levels, the intralaboratory coefficientof variation was found to be 20 % with 141 df and theinterlaboratory coefficient was found to be 19 % with 40 df,after rejecting 3 results for one time because the range betweenrepeats differed significantly from all other ranges. Based onthes
29、e coefficients, the following criteria should be used forjudging, at the 95 % confidence level, the acceptability ofresults:8.1.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by the same operator should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than 56 %.8.1.2.2 Reproducib
30、ilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by operators in different laboratoriesshould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 54 %.8.2 Test Method B:8.2.1 ApplicabilityBased on measurements of profiles onsurfaces of 8 steel panels, each blast cleaned with 1 of 8different
31、 abrasives to a white metal degree of cleaning, havingknown ratings of profile height ranging from 1.5 mils (37 m)to 5.4 mils (135 m), the correlation coefficient for TestMethod B was found to be 0.99 and the coefficient ofdetermination was found to be 0.93.8.2.2 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study
32、 of Test MethodB in which 2 operators, each running 2 tests on separate days,in each of 5 laboratories tested 8 surfaces with a broad range ofprofile characteristics and levels, the intralaboratory coefficientof variation was found to be 19 % with 113 df and theinterlaboratory coefficient was found
33、to be 28 % with 32 df,after rejecting 3 results for one time because the range betweenrepeats differed significantly from all other ranges. Based on3The sole source of supply of suitable replica tape, Press-O-Film, known to thecommittee at this time is Testex. 8 Fox Lane, Newark, DE 19711. If you ar
34、e awareof alternative suppliers, please proved this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attendD4417 112these coefficients, the following criteria should be used forjudging, a
35、t the 95 % confidence level, the acceptability ofresults:8.2.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by the same operator should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than 54 %.8.2.2.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by oper
36、ators in different laboratoriesshould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 79 %.8.3 Method C (X-Coarse Tape):8.3.1 ApplicabilityBased on measurements of profiles onsurfaces of 8 steel panels, each blast cleaned with 1 of 8different abrasives to a white metal degree of cleaning, havingkn
37、own ratings of profile height ranging from 37 m (1.5 mils)to 135 m (5.4 mils), the correlation coefficient for TestMethod C (X-Coarse Tape) was found to be 0.96 and thecoefficient of determination was found to be 0.93.8.3.2 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study of Test MethodC (X-Coarse Tape) in whic
38、h 2 operators each running 2 tests onseparate days in each of 6 laboratories tested 8 surfaces with abroad range of profile characteristics and levels, the intralabo-ratory coefficient of variation was found to be 9 % with 120 dfand the interlaboratory coefficient 13 % with 32 df. Based onthese coef
39、ficients, the following criteria should be used forjudging, at the 95 % confidence level, the acceptability ofresults:8.3.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by the same operator should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than 25 %.8.3.2.2 ReproducibilityT
40、wo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by operators in different laboratoriesshould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 37 %.8.4 Test Method C (Coarse Tape):8.4.1 ApplicabilityBased on measurements of profiles onsurfaces of 6 steel panels, each blast cleaned with 1 of 6d
41、ifferent abrasives to a white metal degree of cleaning, havingknown ratings of profile height ranging from 37 m (1.5 mils) to 57 m (2.3 mils), the correlation coefficient for TestMethod C (Coarse Tape) was found to be 0.48 and thecoefficient of determination was found to be 0.23.8.4.2 PrecisionIn an
42、 interlaboratory study of Test MethodC (Coarse Tape) in which 2 operators each running 2 tests onseparate days in each of 5 laboratories tested 6 surfaces with abroad range of profile characteristics and levels, the intralabo-ratory coefficient of variation was found to be 11 % with 90 dfand the int
43、erlaboratory coefficient 11 % with 24 df. Based onthese coefficients, the following criteria should be used forjudging, at the 95 % confidence level, the acceptability ofresults:8.4.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by the same operator should be consideredsuspe
44、ct if they differ by more than 30 %.8.4.2.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by operators in different laboratoriesshould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 28 %.8.5 Test Method C (“Paint” Grade Tape):8.5.1 ApplicabilityBased on measurement of prof
45、iles ofsurfaces of 5 steel panels, each blast cleaned with one of fivedifferent abrasives to a white metal degree of cleaning havingknown (stylus surface roughness measured) ratings of profileheight ranging from 1.5 mils to 3.0 mils, the correlationcoefficient for Test Method C (“Paint” Grade tape)
46、was foundto be 0.92 and the coefficient of determination was found to be0.85.8.5.2 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study of Test MethodC (“Paint” Grade tape) in which operators in each of 7laboratories tested 5 surfaces with a broad range of profilecharacteristics and levels, the intralaboratory coef
47、ficient ofvariation was found to be 9 % with 150 df and the interlabo-ratory coefficient 10 % with 25 df. Based on these coefficients,the following criteria should be used for judging, at the 95 %confidence level, the acceptability of results.8.5.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of 4repli
48、cates, obtained by the same operator, should be consideredsuspect (2 standard deviations) if they differ by more than18 %.8.5.2.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of 4replicates, obtained by operators in different laboratories,should be considered suspect (2 standard deviations) if theydiff
49、er by more than 22 %.8.6 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in these testmethods for measuring surface profile, bias cannot be deter-mined.NOTE 2The test methods measure different values and the qualitativerating on which the applicability was determined also measures a differentvalue. The mode is determined with the comparator of Test MethodA. Theheight of a single valley below a plane at the level of the highestsurrounding peaks is measured with the fine pointed probe of Test
