1、Designation: D4434/D4434M 11Standard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4434/D4434M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made frompol
3、y(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended foruse in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather.The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for th
4、eintended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such asfire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance,in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must beconsidered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound un
5、itsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous mate
6、rials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitation
7、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) ofPlastic Film and SheetingD1204 Test Method for Linear
8、Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-TemperatureBend TestD3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without LoadD5602 Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roof-ing Membrane SpecimensD5635 Test Method for D
9、ynamic Puncture Resistance ofRoofing Membrane SpecimensD7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thick-ness of Coatings Over Fabric ReinforcementG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Li
10、ght Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Classification3.1 Type IIReinforced sheet in which fibers are incorpo-rated into a production process, for example as a carrier,without appreciably affecti
11、ng such physical property charac-teristics of the finished product as tensile strength or ultimateelongation, but may provide other desirable characteristics,such as dimensional stability.3.2 Type IIISheet that is internally reinforced with fabricand which may also have a fabric backing.3.3 Type IVS
12、heet that is internally reinforced with fabricand which may also have a fabric backing with minimumthickness of 0.91 mm 0.036 in.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The sheet shall consist of poly(vinyl chloride) resin inamounts greater than 50 % of the total polymer contentsuitably compounded with plas
13、ticizers, stabilizers, fillers, pig-ments, and other ingredients to satisfy the physical propertyrequirements and accelerated durability tests.4.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable ofbeing bonded watertight to itself during the design service lifeof the sheets. The manufacturer s
14、hall recommend a suitable1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18on Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 198
15、5. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4434/D4434M 09.DOI: 10.1520/D4434_D4434M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
16、mary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.method. Design service life is defined as the designated timeperiod of intended system performance.5. Physical Requirements5.1 The sheet shall conform to th
17、e physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1.5.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.5.3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging, weath-ering, and so forth) is 62C 64F of the spec
18、ified tempera-ture, unless otherwise specified.6. Dimensions6.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchasecontract. The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 %after permitting the sheet to relax for1hat216 3C 70 65F.6.2
19、The thickness tolerance shall be 610 % of the thicknessagreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, but in no case shallthe thickness be less than the minimum in Table 1.6.3 The sheet shall have a minimum coating or laminantthickness of 0.40 mm 0.016 in. above the cross points of anyfabric or fiber an
20、d the surface exposed to the weather.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The sheet and any factory seams shall be watertight. Itshall be visually free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter,undispersed raw material, protruding fibers or reinforcement,or other manufacturing defects that might
21、 affect serviceability.7.2 The sheet shall be visually free of nicks and cuts, voids,thin areas, delaminations, or other defects.7.3 The sheet shall lay straight and flat to permit seamingwithout fishmouths.8. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens in accor-dance with the individua
22、l test methods.8.2 Overall ThicknessTest Method D638 for Type II andTest Method D751 for Type II, III, and Type IV.8.3 Breaking StrengthTest Methods D751, ProcedureB1 in. strip for Type II and Procedure A for Type III and IV.8.4 Elongation at BreakTest Method D751, ProcedureB1 in. strip for Type II
23、and Procedure A for Type III and IV.8.5 Seam StrengthTest Method D751, Procedure B1 in.strip forType II and ProcedureAforType III and IV.All testingshall be performed on seamed specimens with the passingcriteria specified as a percent of either unseamed sample tensilestrength at break or unseamed sa
24、mple breaking strength,dependent on type.8.6 Heat AgingPractice D3045 at 80 6 1C 176 6 2Ffor 56 days 6 1h.8.7 Tear ResistanceTest Method D1004, for Type II.8.8 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D751, B-Tongue TearMethod, for Type III and Type IV. Specimen size shall be 2003 200 mm 8 3 8 in.8.9 Low Temper
25、ature Bend TestTest Method D2136,at40C 40F.8.10 Accelerated WeatheringPerform accelerated weath-ering for 5000 h using the exposure described either in 8.10.1or 8.10.2. Choice of apparatus and exposure conditions se-lected shall be by mutual agreement among the interestedparties. The two different t
26、ypes of exposures may producedifferent test results. Therefore, they cannot be used inter-changeably without supporting data that demonstrates equiva-lency of the procedures for the materials tested. Refer toPractice G151 for cautionary guidance regarding laboratoryweathering.TABLE 1 Physical Requir
27、ements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) SheetProperty Type II Type III Type IVOverall thickness of PVC sheet, min, mm in. 1.14 0.045 1.14 0.045 0.91 0.036Thickness over scrim, min. mm in.A0.40 0.016 0.40 0.016 0.40 0.016Breaking strength, min, N lbf/in. 356 80 890 200 1223 275Elongation at break, min, %:Mac
28、hine direction 250 15B25BCross-machine direction 220 15B25BSeam strength, min, % of tensile or breaking strength 75 75 75Retention of properties after heat aging:Tensile strength, min, % of original 90 . .Breaking strength, min, % of original . 90 90Elongation, min, % of original 90 90 90Tear resist
29、ance, min, N lbf 45.0 10.0 . .Tearing strength, min, N lbf . 200 45.0 400 90.0Low temperature bend pass pass passAccelerated weathering test:Cracking (73 magnification) none none noneCrazing (73 magnification) none none noneLinear dimensional change, max, % 0.1 0.5 0.5Change in weight after immersio
30、n in water, max, % 63.0 63.0 63.0Static Puncture Resistance pass pass passDynamic Puncture Resistance passCpassCpassCEditorially corrected.AAbove the cross points of any fabric or fiber and the surface exposed to the weather.BFor reinforcing fabric only; elongation of PVC material shall be the same
31、as Type II.CFor Type II products, dynamic puncture shall be evaluated at an energy level of 10 J min. For Type III products, dynamic puncture shall be evaluated at an energylevel of 20 J min.D4434/D4434M 1128.10.1 Xenon Arc Light ExposurePractice G155 apparatusshall be operated in accordance with th
32、e following conditions:Filter Type DaylightIrradianceSet Point0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm. The maximum allowableoperational fluctuation of the irradiance setting is(60.02 W/(m2nm).Cycle 102 min light, 18 min light plus water spray onthe front surface.Black PanelTemperature,uninsulated63C 145F during the
33、 dry period. The maximumallowable operational fluctuation is 62.5C 65F.Relative Humidity 30 %. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 65%.Chamber AirTemperature(where applicable)44C 111F. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 62C 3.6F.Spray Water Deionized. Refer to Practice G155,
34、 Section 6.6.1.Typical water temperature used for specimen spray is21 6 5C 70 6 9F, but if ambienttemperature is low and holding tank is not used to storepurified water, the water temperature can be below thetypical range.IrradianceUniformityRefer to Practice G155.8.10.2 Fluorescent UV/Condensation
35、ExposurePracticeG154 apparatus shall be operated in accordance with thefollowing conditions: Using fluorescent UVA 340 lamps.Iirradiance level shall be 0.68 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm. Themaximum allowable operational fluctuation of the irradiancesetting is 60.02 W/(m2nm). Cycle 8 h light at 60C 145F,4 h co
36、ndensation at 50C 122F uninsulated black paneltemperature. The maximum allowable operational fluctuationis 62.5C 65F.NOTE 1If the operational fluctuations are greater than the maximumallowable after the equipment has stabilized, discontinue the test andcorrect the cause of the problem before continu
37、ing.8.11 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D1204,6hat 80 6 1C 176 6 2F.8.12 Change in Weight After Immersion in WaterTestMethod D570, except for 168 6 1hat706 1C 158 6 2F.8.13 Static Puncture ResistanceTest Method D5602,ataload of 15 kg 33 lbf min at 23 6 1C 73 6 2F.8.14 Dynamic Puncture Resistan
38、ceTest Method D5635,at an energy of 10 J min at 23 6 1C 73 6 2F for Type IIand an energy of 20 J min for Type III and Type IV.9. Inspection and Special Testing9.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and test his production toensure compliance of the product with this specification.9.2 The purchaser may,
39、in the contract, order special teststhat the supplier shall be required to make beyond thosedescribed in Table 1.9.3 If the results of any tests do not conform to therequirements of this specification, retesting to determine con-formity shall be performed as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the
40、supplier.10. Rejection and Resubmittal10.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementsprescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be reported to the supplier promptlyand in writing. The seller shall have the right to reinspect therejected shipment an
41、d resubmit the lot after removal of thosepackages not conforming to the specified requirements.11. Product Marking11.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended to beexposed to the weather with this ASTM designation, the nameof the manufacturer or supplier, or PVC. The type of identifi-cati
42、on is at the manufacturers option. Such identification shalloccur at intervals not to exceed 3 m 9.84 ft in the longdirection. The identification shall be applied in such a manneras to be legible five years from installation. Identification shallnot be required when so specified by purchaser.12. Pac
43、kaging and Package Marking12.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in a standard commercial manner, unless otherwisespecified, so as to be acceptable by commercial or othercarriers for safe transportation to the point of delivery.12.2 Shipping containers shall be marked wi
44、th:12.2.1 Name of the material,12.2.2 Product code,12.2.3 ASTM designation number, type and grade,12.2.4 Size and quantity as defined by the contract order,12.2.5 Name of the manufacturer or supplier, and12.2.6 Number of the contract order.13. Keywords13.1 fillers; flexible sheet; physical propertie
45、s; plasticizers;poly(vinyl chloride) resin; PVC; reinforcing fabrics; reinforc-ing fibers; seams; single-ply roofing membrane; stabilizersD4434/D4434M 113ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. THICKNESS OF COATING OVER FABRIC REINFORCEMENT TEST METHOD D7635/D7635MA1.1 Follow preparation procedures as speci
46、fied in TestMethod D7635/D7635M. The thickness measurements shall beconducted as described in the test method on the coating on theside intended to be exposed to the weather.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mention
47、edin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and
48、 must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of
49、 theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by co
