1、Designation: D 4434 06Standard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made frompoly(vinyl chl
3、oride) resin as the primary polymer intended foruse in single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather.The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for theintended p
4、urpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such asfire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance,in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must beconsidered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.
5、 The values stated in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestabl
6、ish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1
7、004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) ofPlastic Film and SheetingD 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD 2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-Temperature Bend TestD 3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics With
8、out LoadD 5602 Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance ofRoofing Membrane SpecimensD 5635 Test Method for Dynamic Puncture Resistance ofRoofing Membrane SpecimensG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 154 Practice for Oper
9、ating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Classification3.1 Type II:3.1.1 Grade 1Reinforced sheet in which fibers are incor-porated into a production process, for example as
10、a carrier,without appreciably affecting such physical property charac-teristics of the finished product as tensile strength or ultimateelongation, but may provide other desirable characteristics,such as dimensional stability.3.1.2 Grade 2Externally reinforced sheet utilizing a fab-ric backing.3.2 Ty
11、pe IIISheet that is internally reinforced with fabricand which may also have a fabric backing.3.3 Type IVSheet that is internally reinforced with fabricand which may also have a fabric backing with minimumthickness of 0.91 mm (0.036 in.).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The sheet shall consist of pol
12、y(vinyl chloride) resin inamounts greater than 50 % of the total polymer contentsuitably compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, pig-ments, and other ingredients to satisfy the physical propertyrequirements and accelerated durability tests.4.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall b
13、e capable ofbeing bonded watertight to itself during the design service lifeof the sheets. The manufacturer shall recommend a suitablemethod. Design service life is defined as the designated timeperiod of intended system performance.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08
14、 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18on Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 4434 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, v
15、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
16、-2959, United States.5. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements5.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1.5.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.5.
17、3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging, weath-ering, and so forth) is 62C (64F) of the specified tempera-ture, unless otherwise specified.6. Dimensions6.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchasecontract. The widt
18、h and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 %after permitting the sheet to relax for1hat216 3C (70 65F).6.2 The thickness tolerance shall be 610 % of the thicknessagreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, but in no case shallthe thickness be less than the minimum in Table 1.6.3 The sheet shall have a m
19、inimum coating or laminantthickness of 0.40 mm (0.016 in.) above the cross points of anyfabric or fiber and the surface exposed to the weather.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The sheet and any factory seams shall be watertight. Itshall be visually free of pinholes, particles of foreign mat
20、ter,undispersed raw material, protruding fibers or reinforcement,or other manufacturing defects that might affect serviceability.7.2 The sheet shall be visually free of nicks and cuts, voids,thin areas, delaminations, or other defects.7.3 The sheet shall lay straight and flat to permit seamingwithou
21、t fishmouths.8. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens in accor-dance with the individual test methods.8.2 Overall ThicknessTest Method D 638 for Type II,Grade 1 and Test Method D 751 for Type II, Grade 2, Type III,and Type IV.8.3 Tensile Strength at BreakTest Method D 638 for Type
22、II, Grade 1.8.4 Breaking StrengthTest Methods D 751, AGrabMethod, for Type II, Grade 2, Type III and Type IV.8.5 Elongation at BreakTest Method D 638 for Type II,Grade 1 and Test Methods D 751,A-Grab Method, for Type II,Grade 2, Type III and Type IV.8.6 Seam StrengthTest Method D 638 for Type II, Gr
23、ade1 and Test Methods D 751,A-Grab Method, for Type II, Grade2, Type III and Type IV. All testing shall be performed onseamed specimens with the passing criteria specified as apercent of either unseamed sample tensile strength at break orunseamed sample breaking strength, dependent on type.8.7 Heat
24、AgingPractice D 3045 at 80 6 1C (176 6 2F)for 56 days 6 1h.8.8 Tear ResistanceTest Method D 1004, for Type II,Grade 1.8.9 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D 751, B-Tongue TearMethod, for Type II, Grade 2, Type III, and Type IV. Specimensize shall be 200 3 200 mm (8 3 8 in.).8.10 Low Temperature Bend Tes
25、tTest Method D 2136,at40C (40F).8.11 Accelerated WeatheringPerform accelerated weath-ering for 5000 h using the exposure described either in 8.11.1or 8.11.2. Choice of apparatus and exposure conditions se-lected shall be by mutual agreement among the interestedTABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Poly(
26、Vinyl Chloride) SheetPropertyType IIType III Type IVGrade 1 Grade 2Overall thickness of PVC sheet, min, mm (in.) 1.14 (0.045) 1.14 (0.045) 1.14 (0.045) 0.91 (0.036)Thickness over scrim, min. mm (in.)A0.40 (0.016) 0.40 (0.016) 0.40 (0.016) 0.40 (0.016)Tensile strength at break, min, MPa (psi):Machine
27、 direction 10.3 (1500) . . .Cross-machine direction 10.4 (1500) . . .Breaking strength, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) . 35 (200) 35 (200) 48 (275)Elongation at break, min, %:Machine direction 250 15 15B25BCross-machine direction 220 15 15B25BSeam strength, min, % of tensile or breaking strength 75 75 75 75Ret
28、ention of properties after heat aging:Tensile strength, min, % of original 90 . . .Breaking strength, min, % of original . 90 90 90Elongation, min, % of original 90 90 90 90Tear resistance, min, N (lbf) 45.0 (10.0) . . .Tearing strength, min, N (lbf) . 200 (45.0) 200 (45.0) 400 (90.0)Low temperature
29、 bend pass pass pass passAccelerated weathering test:Cracking (73 magnification) none none none noneCrazing (73 magnification) none none none noneLinear dimensional change, max, % 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5Change in weight after immersion in water, max, % 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0Static Puncture Resistance pass pass
30、 pass passDynamic Puncture Resistance passCpassCpassCpassCAAbove the cross points of any fabric or fiber and the surface exposed to the weather.BFor reinforcing fabric only; elongation of PVC material shall be the same as Type II, Grade 1.CFor Type II, Grade 1 products, dynamic puncture shall be eva
31、luated at an energy level of 10 J min. For Type II, Grade 2 and Type III products, dynamic puncture shallbe evaluated at an energy level of 20 J min.D4434062parties. The two different types of exposures may producedifferent test results. Therefore, they cannot be used inter-changeably without suppor
32、ting data that demonstrates equiva-lency of the procedures for the materials tested. Refer toPractice G 151 for cautionary guidance regarding laboratoryweathering.8.11.1 Xenon Arc Light ExposurePractice G 155 appara-tus shall be operated in accordance with the following condi-tions:Filter Type Dayli
33、ghtIrradianceSet Point0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm. The maximum allowableoperational fluctuation of the irradiance setting is(60.02 W/(m2nm).Cycle 102 min light, 18 min light plus water spray onthe front surface.Black PanelTemperature,uninsulated63C (145F) during the dry period. The maximumallowable oper
34、ational fluctuation is 62.5C (65F).Relative Humidity 30 %. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 65%.Chamber AirTemperature(where applicable)44C (111F). The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 62C (3.6F).Spray Water Deionized. Refer to Practice G 155, Section 6.6.1.Typical water te
35、mperature used for specimen spray is21 6 5C (70 6 9F), but if ambienttemperature is low and holding tank is not used to storepurified water, the water temperature can be below thetypical range.IrradianceUniformityRefer to Practice G 155.8.11.2 Fluorescent UV/Condensation ExposurePracticeG 154 appara
36、tus shall be operated in accordance with thefollowing conditions: Using fluorescent UVA 340 lamps.Iirradiance level shall be 0.68 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm. Themaximum allowable operational fluctuation of the irradiancesetting is 60.02 W/(m2nm). Cycle 8 h light at 60C (145F),4 h condensation at 50C (122F)
37、uninsulated black paneltemperature. The maximum allowable operational fluctuationis 62.5C (65F).NOTE 1If the operational fluctuations are greater than the maximumallowable after the equipment has stabilized, discontinue the test andcorrect the cause of the problem before continuing.8.12 Linear Dimen
38、sional ChangeTest Method D 1204,6hat806 1C (176 6 2F).8.13 Change in Weight After Immersion in WaterTestMethod D 570, except for 168 6 1hat706 1C (158 6 2F).8.14 Static Puncture ResistanceTest Method D 5602,ataload of 15 kg (33 lbf) min at 23 6 1C (73 6 2F).8.15 Dynamic Puncture ResistanceTest Metho
39、d D 5635,at an energy of 10 J min at 23 6 1C (73 6 2F) for Type II,Grade 1 and an energy of 20 J min for Type II, Grade 2, TypeIII and Type IV.9. Inspection and Special Testing9.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and test his production toensure compliance of the product with this specification.9.2 Th
40、e purchaser may, in the contract, order special teststhat the supplier shall be required to make beyond thosedescribed in Table 1.9.3 If the results of any tests do not conform to therequirements of this specification, retesting to determine con-formity shall be performed as agreed upon between thep
41、urchaser and the supplier.10. Rejection and Resubmittal10.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementsprescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be reported to the supplier promptlyand in writing. The seller shall have the right to reinspect therej
42、ected shipment and resubmit the lot after removal of thosepackages not conforming to the specified requirements.11. Product Marking11.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended to beexposed to the weather with this ASTM designation, the nameof the manufacturer or supplier, or PVC. The type
43、 of identifi-cation is at the manufacturers option. Such identification shalloccur at intervals not to exceed 3 m (9.84 ft) in the longdirection. The identification shall be applied in such a manneras to be legible five years from installation. Identification shallnot be required when so specified b
44、y purchaser.12. Packaging and Package Marking12.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in a standard commercial manner, unless otherwisespecified, so as to be acceptable by commercial or othercarriers for safe transportation to the point of delivery.12.2 Shipping containers
45、 shall be marked with:12.2.1 Name of the material,12.2.2 Product code,12.2.3 ASTM designation number, type and grade,12.2.4 Size and quantity as defined by the contract order,12.2.5 Name of the manufacturer or supplier, and12.2.6 Number of the contract order.13. Keywords13.1 fillers; flexible sheet;
46、 physical properties; plasticizers;poly(vinyl chloride) resin; PVC; reinforcing fabrics; reinforc-ing fibers; seams; single-ply roofing membrane; stabilizersD4434063ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER TYPES II, III, AND IVA1.1 ScopeThis is a me
47、thod for measuring the thicknessof the coating over fiber backing or reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement Method:A1.2.1 PrincipleThe thickness of coating material overfiber, fabric, or scrim can be observed with a standardreflectance microscope. Measurement is made with a calibratedeyepiece.A1.2.2 Ap
48、paratus:A1.2.2.1 Microscope,603 with reticle.A1.2.2.2 Light SourceIf light source on the microscope isnot adequate, use a small high-intensity lamp.A1.2.2.3 Stage Micrometer, 0.0254 mm (0.001 in.) divi-sions.A1.2.3 Calibration Procedure:A1.2.3.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometer inplace
49、of the specimen.A1.2.3.2 Turn on microscope light source.A1.2.3.3 Position the reticle eyepiece and the micrometersuch that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle byturning the eyepiece. Focus the specimen and reticle by turningthe vertical adjustment knob.A1.2.3.4 Locate a point at which both scales line up. Countthe number of micrometer divisions away. Measure to thenearest 0.0125 mm (0.0005 in. or 0.5 mil). The calibration canbe optimized by increasing the number of divisions measured.A1.2.3.5 Repeat the
