1、Designation: D4524 86 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forComposition of Plumage1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the components found in plumage. The test method isapplicable for plumage found in bulk
3、 form or in finishedconsumer products.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the u
4、ser of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4523 Terminology Relating to Feather-Filled and Down-Filled Products32.2
5、 Other Documents:Fed Std. No. 148a1964 Method 2: Determination of Com-position Feather Filling Materials4ABFLO: Quantitative Determination of Feather andDown in Plumage5FTC Guides for the Feather and Down Products Industry,197163. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 plumage, nthe outgrowth of fowl, con
6、sisting offeathers and down (waterfowl) or feathers only (nonwater-fowl).3.2 For the definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology D123 and Terminology D4523.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative sample of plumage is selected from theproduct being tested. The contents of th
7、e sample are identifiedand separated into component parts. Those component partsare measured and reported as a percentage of the whole.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of bulk plumage.Acceptance tolerancesof content must be establi
8、shed between the purchaser and sellerof bulk shipments of plumage, which also must comply withstate and federal agency regulations, as appropriate.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using Test Method D4524 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, t
9、he purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous
10、 as possible and that arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probabi
11、lity level chosen by thetwo parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, eitherits cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret test results in the light of theknown bias.5.2 This test method may also be applicable to the accep-tance of consu
12、mer products that use plumage as a fillingmaterial. Such consumer products include pillows, comforters,sleeping bags, garments, furniture, and mattresses. Acceptance1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on
13、 Apparel.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4524 86 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/D4524-86R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
14、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from the General Services Administration Business Service Center,1800 F
15、 Street, NW, Washington, DC 20407.5Available from Association of Bedding and Law Officials, Texas Dept. ofHealth, 1100 W. 49th St., Austin, TX 78756.6Available from the Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.,Washington, DC 20580.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.tolerances of content are established by distributors, importers,state or federal regulatory agencies. See 5.1.1.6. Apparatus6.1 Separating CabinetA box or cabinet for separatingand identifying the components of plumage. The box shouldhave th
17、e following approximate dimensions:Base450 by 300 mm (18 by 12 in.) wideFront150 mm (6 in.) highBack300 mm (12 in.) highThe top of the box will be glass to permit the separation tobe observed visually. The front of the box will have an opensection that will permit the operators hands to enter thecab
18、inet. Sufficient freedom of movement must be allowed sothat the components can be examined and segregated. Thecabinet should be equipped with a light to provide sufficientillumination of its interior. The interior cabinet color must be ofdark color to provide contrast with the plumage. See Fig. 1.6.
19、2 Weighing ContainersTen tared weighing bottles orbeakers to segregate the components and contain them duringweighing.6.3 Forceps, suitable for picking up components of theplumage.6.4 Balance, having a capability adequate for weighingspecimens and containers with a sensitivity of 0.0001 g.6.5 Mixing
20、 ContainersOne large box or container ap-proximately 500 by 500 by 500 mm that is used to hold thesample plumage to be analyzed. Another smaller mixingcontainer approximately 300 by 300 by 150 mm. The interiorof the mixing boxes shall be smooth to avoid plumageentrapment.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs
21、a lot sample for acceptance testing,select at random the number of bales, bags, or other shippingcontainers as directed in an applicable material specification orother agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. In theabsence of such an agreement, randomly select 30 % of theshipping containers
22、. From each of the shipping containersselected, remove a sample sufficient in mass to obtain a total lotsample of 300 g. Consider the shipping containers to be theprimary sampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into acco
23、unt the variabilitybetween and within shipping containers to provide a sampling plan witha meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level,and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, randomly take portions of plumage from each l
24、otsample submitted weighing at least 10 g each from the upper,middle, and lower portion of the sample submitted, drawingeach sample from the middle of the submitted sample. Com-bine the three portions from the lot sample into a compositesample and use it as a test specimen for that sample submitted.
25、8. Procedure8.1 Specimen Reduction:8.1.1 Place the sample plumage in the larger mixing con-tainer and mix well by turning the plumage with the hands. Donot stir the sample with a stick.8.1.2 Draw the specimen to be analyzed from three sectionsof the mixing container (top, middle, and bottom) to weig
26、happroximately 4 g.8.2 Preliminary Separation:8.2.1 Place the test specimen in the separating cabinet andbegin the separation into plumage components.8.2.2 With the forceps, remove all feathers from the plum-age. Brush the feathers between the thumb and index fingers ofone hand to remove any down, f
27、iber, or residue caught therein.8.2.3 Separate the feathers into whole waterfowl feathers(Container A), damaged waterfowl feathers (Container C), andlandfowl feathers (Container B) and place each into anindividual tared weighing container.8.2.4 Place the down cluster, plumules, down fiber, andfeathe
28、r fiber that are all combined in the fourth tared weighingcontainer (Container E).8.2.5 Place the quill feathers in a fifth tared weighingcontainer (Container Q).8.2.6 Place the residue in a sixth weighing container (Con-tainer D).8.2.7 Weigh the contents of the six containers to the nearest0.0001 g
29、.8.3 Down and Fiber Separation:8.3.1 Place the contents of the container in 8.2.4 in thesmaller mixing container. Mix the contents by turning with thehands.FIG. 1 Down and Feather Separating CabinetD4524 86 (2012)28.3.2 Draw a sub-specimen to be analyzed that weighs aminimum of 0.200 g. Draw the plu
30、mage to be separated fromthree sections of the mixing container.8.3.3 Place the 0.200-g sub-specimen in the separatingcabinet. Separate the components as follows:8.3.3.1 With forceps remove a down cluster or plumule andshake five times from an up position to a down position and upagain. Slightly fli
31、ck the cluster as you go down and up again.8.3.3.2 Carefully remove the entwined feather fiber from thecluster or plumule with the forceps.8.3.3.3 Place the cluster or plumule into a weighing con-tainer (Container F). Place the feather fiber into a secondcontainer (Container H). Pick up the down fib
32、er with theforceps and place into a third weighing container (ContainerG).8.3.3.4 Do not remove entwined down fiber from theclusters. Only remove the down fiber that shakes loose.8.3.3.5 If landfowl feather, fiber is present, place it in afourth container (Container J).8.3.3.6 If residue is found in
33、 this portion of the separation,place it in a fifth container (Container K).8.3.3.7 Weigh the contents of the five containers to thenearest 0.0001 g.9. Calculations9.1 Preliminary Separation:9.1.1 Obtain total contents analyzed by adding together theweight of the waterfowl feathers, landfowl feather
34、s, fiber,damaged feathers, quill feathers, residue, and down and fibercomponents using Eq 1, as follows:T15 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 E 1 Q (1)where:T1= contents analyzed, g,A = waterfowl feathers, g,B = landfowl feathers, fiber, g,C = damaged feathers, g,Q = quill feathers, g,D = residue, g, andE = down and
35、fiber, g.9.1.2 Obtain the total percentage for each component of thepreliminary separation using the following equations as ex-amples (Eq 2 or Eq 3):PA 5 100 A/T1! (2)where:PA = waterfowl feathers, %.PE 5 100 E/T1! (3)where:PE = down and fiber, %.9.2 Down and Fiber Separation:9.2.1 Obtain total cont
36、ents analyzed by adding together theweight of the down cluster and plumules, down fiber, featherfiber, landfowl feather, fiber, and residue using Eq 4.T25 F 1 G 1 H 1 J 1 K (4)where:T2= contents analyzed in the down and fiber separation, g,F = down clusters and plumules, g,G = down fiber, g,H = feat
37、her fiber, g,J = landfowl feather, fiber, g, andK = residue, g.9.2.2 Obtain the total percentage for each component (F, G,H, J, K) of the down and fiber separation using the followingequations as examples (Eq 5-7):PF 5 PE 3 F/T2! (5)where:PF = down cluster and plumules, %.PJ 5 PE 3 J/T2! (6)where:PJ
38、 = landfowl feather, fiber, %.PK 5 PE 3 K/T2! (7)where:PK = residue in down and fiber separation, %.Add PJ to PB to obtain total landfowl in separation.Add PK to PD to obtain total residue in separation.10. Report10.1 Report that the specimens were tested as directed inTest Method D4524. Describe th
39、e product sampled and themethod of sampling.10.2 Report the percent of each component and list indi-vidually.11. Retest11.1 If the test specimen from a laboratory sample fails tomeet a specified minimum acceptance level, take two addi-tional lot samples as directed in 7.1 and test them. If theaverag
40、e for all three test specimens meet the requirements, thelot sample may be considered as acceptable.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedures in TestMethod D4524 is being established.12.2 BiasThe procedures in Test Method D4524 have noknown bias.D4524 86 (2012)3ASTM Interna
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42、eir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should
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44、rds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4524 86 (2012)4
