ASTM D4531-2015 Standard Test Methods for Bulk and Dry Density of Peat and Peat Products《泥炭和泥炭制品干松密度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D4531 86 (Reapproved 2008)D4531 15Standard Test Methods forBulk and Dry Density of Peat and Peat Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4531; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the bulk and dry density of both peat in its natural state
3、 and peat products(Note 1). These test methods consist of defining a volume of peat and determining the mass of that specific volume. The differencein the respective methods is in the procedures employed to determine the peat volume.NOTE 1Test Method D2978 is used for specifying the volume represent
4、ed by a quantity of loose processed peat or the volume of a peat bale.1.2 Method AThis method, the core method,The core method covers the determination of the bulk density of an undisturbeda core of peat taken with a piston sampler or other suitable core sampler (Sections 6 and 7).1.3 Method BThis m
5、ethod, the The paraffin wax method, covers the determination of the bulk density of undisturbed clodsor irregular pieces of wet peat and compressed peat products (Sections 8 and 9).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in th
6、isstandard.1.5 The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capableof competent and objective test
7、ing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with PracticeD3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a evaluatingsome of those factors.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to
8、the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industrystandard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally sho
9、uld be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives;and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerat
10、ions.It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish app
11、ropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2974D653 Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic SoilsTerminology Relating to Soil,Rock, and Contained FluidsD297
12、8 Test Methods for Volume of Processed Peat MaterialsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data1 These test methods are under
13、the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Mediumfor Plant Growth.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008July 15, 2015. Published February 2008July 2015. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 200
14、22008 asD4531 86 (2002).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4531-86R08.10.1520/D4531-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
15、ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users cons
16、ult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
17、 PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bulk density, as used for peat products is the total mass (solids plus water) per unit of to
18、tal volume of a peat at a givenmoisture condition.3.2.2 dry density, dmass of dry organic and mineral matter per unit of total volume of a peat at a given moisture condition.NOTE 2In many peat science applications and publications, the term defined here as “dry density” in accordance with common geo
19、technicalengineering usage is referred to as “bulk density”. Care is necessary to distinguish which definition is being used when such a term is encountered.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods provide uniform procedures for determining the bulk density of in situ peat and processed peat pr
20、oducts.The bulk density is of use in the calculation of in situ stresses for engineering analysis and in quantifying the amount of materialpresent when considering peat as a resource. In the latter case, it is necessary to consider the moisture condition for which the bulkdensity was determined; a m
21、ore useful parameter to consider may well be the dry density, d.NOTE 3The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are gene
22、rally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a evaluating some of those factors.
23、5. Apparatus5.1 Drying OvenA thermostatically controlled drying oven maintained at a temperature of 105 6 5C.5.2 BalancesBalances sensitive to 0.01 g for samplesspecimen less than 100 g, sensitive to 0.1 g for samplesspecimenbetween 100 g and 1000 g, or sensitive to 1 g for samplesspecimen over 1000
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