1、Designation: D 4544 86 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forEstimating Peat Deposit Thickness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice uses a technique of probing to estimate thethickness of surficial peat deposits overlying mineral soil orbedrock. These
3、 estimates may be needed for energy, horticul-tural, or geotechnical purposes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter
4、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practi
5、ce maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard”
6、 in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 NRC Canada Document:2Peat Testing Manual3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 peata naturally occurring organic substance derived
7、primarily from plant materials.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The resistance to penetration of a pushed or driven rodwill increase sharply at the boundary of a peat layer withunderlying mineral soil or bedrock. When this abrupt change ismeasured in a series of probings with an appropriate spacing,the thi
8、ckness and areal extent of peat can be defined and thevolume of peat may be calculated.4.2 Sampling of the peat may be required to determine thepeat characteristics.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice allows the determination of the depth atwhich the resistance to penetration of a pushed or dri
9、ven rodincreases sharply. When the overlying material is peat and theunderlying one is mineral soil or bedrock, the depth of changemay be interpreted as the thickness of peat. Successive arealdeterminations of this depth, in combination with surfacemeasurements of the lateral extent of peat will all
10、ow calcula-tion of the volume of peat in the deposit.6. Interferences6.1 Sampling of the zone of contact of peat with underlyingmaterial is usually necessary to verify the interpretations ofmaterial change from the rod penetration resistances.6.2 Where the peat mineral transition zone is of signifi-
11、cant thickness, or where the peat is underlain by soft clays ormarls, further sampling and testing will be required (see 7.2).6.3 The frequency of sampling is highly dependent upon thephysical details of the deposit.6.4 Penetration of the rod may be prevented by wood piecesin the peat deposit. Data
12、should be examined and rechecked ifthis occurrence is suspected.6.5 The thin and flexible nature of the rod strings will limitthe depths of penetrating and sampling.7. Apparatus7.1 Graduated Steel RodsPenetration is achieved withgraduated steel rods of 9.5 6 1.0-mm diameter and 1.0 or1.2-m length,3w
13、hich can be threaded together to penetrate arange of thickness. The rods are ringed at 200-mm intervals foreasy estimation of depth. A ring with a short threaded end isscrewed into the last section and another rod or stick insertedhorizontally to facilitate pulling out the rod.1This practice is unde
14、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Mediumfor Plant Growth.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4544 86 (2002).
15、2Available from the National Research Council of Canada, Publications Section,Building R-88, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6, www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.3For further information, see Jeglum, J. K., “Method for Measurement of PeatThickness,” Peat Testing Manual, Technical Memorandum No. 125, NRC Canada,May 1
16、979, pp. 3334.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Piston-Type SamplerSampling is achieved, as neces-sary, with a piston-type or similar exploratory type sampler, thehead of which is threaded into the bottom rod.48. Pr
17、ocedure8.1 Align the rod vertically.8.2 Penetrate the peat with the rod by pushing or driving.Add sections of rod as required.8.3 Measure the thickness of peat when the resistance topenetration of the rod increases sharply owing to the resistanceof the material underlying the peat. It may be possibl
18、e to hearthe scraping of the rod in the underlying soil, especially whenit is sand.8.4 Pull up the rod and seek verification of the resistancechange by the presence of mineral material in the threads of thebottom rod.8.5 Record the lateral position of the sounding.8.6 Repeat steps 8.1-8.5 as necessa
19、ry to define the thicknessof the peat and its lateral extent.8.7 At selected locations, attach the sampler and obtain peatand peat mineral soil contact zone samples. When a piston-type sampler is attached to the bottom rod, the head is pusheddown until resistance is met, the rod is pulled up until t
20、hecentral core catches at the end of the outer cylinder, and theopen cylinder is then pushed a little further to obtain mineralmaterial.9. Report9.1 The report shall include the following specific informa-tion:9.1.1 Name and location of project; names of field party,9.1.2 A map of the positions pene
21、trated or sampled. Showsurface elevations and water levels, where available,9.1.3 A table of peat depths showing areal locations andnoting whether depth was determined by penetration or sam-pling,9.1.4 Descriptions of samples taken, along with locations,9.1.5 Any test data run on samples taken, and9
22、.1.6 Appropriate description and classification of the peatin the deposit.10. Keywords10.1 deposit thickness; peat; probingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expr
23、essly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revise
24、d, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may
25、attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United State
26、s. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4This piston-type sampler and its use is described in Muskeg EngineeringHandbook, I. C. MacFarlane, ed. Muskeg Subcommittee of the NRC Canada, 1969,pp. 144145.D 4544 86 (2008)2
