1、Designation: D4585 07D4585/D4585M 13Standard Practice forTesting Water Resistance of Coatings Using ControlledCondensation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4585;D4585/D4585M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance o
3、f coatings using controlledcondensation. Condensation is produced by exposing one surface of a coated specimen to a heated, saturated mixture of air andwater vapor, while the reverse side of the specimen is exposed to the cooling effect of room temperature air. This practice is derivedfrom research
4、of the Cleveland Society for Coatings Technology.21.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions and procedures of controlledcondensation tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.NOTE 1Alterna
5、tive practices for testing water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D2247.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact
6、equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
7、 user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
8、Related CoatingProductsD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD870 Practice for Testing Water R
9、esistance of Coatings Using Water ImmersionD1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Ap
10、paratusD2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative HumidityD2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray ScaleD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off
11、 Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the dire
12、ct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved June 1, 2007June 1, 2013. Published July 2007September 2013. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 19992007 asD4585 99.D4585 07. DOI: 10.1520/D4585-07.10.1520/D4585_D4585M-13.2 Foecking,
13、N. J., “Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet,” Offcial Digest, December 1963, Vol 35, No. 467, pp. 13181327; and Higgins, W. A., “ClevelandCondensing Type Humidity Cabinet: II,” Offcial Digest, November 1965, Vol 37, No. 490, pp. 13921404.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website,
14、www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of
15、what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered
16、the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Summary of Practice3.1 Water vapor is generated by heating a pan of water at the bottom of the t
17、est chamber. The specimens form the roof or wallsof the test chamber so that the back sides of the specimens are exposed to the cooling effects of room temperature air. The resultingheat transfer causes vapor to condense on the test specimens as liquid water saturated with air.3.2 The temperature an
18、d amount of condensate forming on the specimens is controlled by the test temperature and the roomtemperature. The test specimens are inclined so that condensate runs off the test surface by gravity and is replaced by freshcondensate in a continuous process during the condensate cycle.3.3 Exposure c
19、onditions are varied by selecting: (a) the temperature of the test, (b) the duration of the test, and (c) periodicdrying of the specimens. Testing may be conducted at temperatures from 38 to 82C (100100 to 180F).180F. Any effects suchas color change, blistering, loss of adhesion, softening, or embri
20、ttlement are observed and reported.4. Significance and Use4.1 Water can cause degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life.Failure in a condensation test may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itsel
21、f, contamination ofthe substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coatingsystems.4.2 Condensation tests of coatings are used for specification acceptance, quality control, and research and development ofcoatings and substrate
22、treatments. These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination but the degree of failure also may bemeasured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.4.3 Results obtained from the use of condensation tests in ac
23、cordance with this practice should not be represented as beingequivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has beenestablished for the coating or coating system.4.4 The test is usually conducted on metal, plastics, or wood speci
24、mens with the coating facing the inside of the chamber.However, it is possible to test the blister resistance of house paints on wood specimens by mounting the uncoated wood surfacefacing the inside of the chamber.4.5 This practice can be used for corrosion tests particularly if the specimens are pe
25、riodically dried. While corrosion productswill drain into the water bath, they are not carried into the vapor that condenses on the test specimens.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Chamber (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), consisting of insulated side walls mounted on a base, test specimen racks attachedto the side walls
26、, a heated water pan, and provisions for controlling and indicating the vapor temperature within the chamber. Vents,approximately 3 to 5 mm (0.100.10 to 0.20 in.)in. wide, shall be provided to admit room air at the bottom of the test chamber.Locate the chamber away from air vents and direct drafts.N
27、OTE 2The apparatus described in Practice G154 may be used if the ultraviolet lamps specified in Practice G154 are turned off.5.2 Specimens shall form the roof of the test chamber. If the specimens cannot completely fill all the openings, blank panelsshall be used. Certain substrates may deform from
28、the heat and moisture. The specimens shouldshall be mounted to avoideliminategaps between specimens that allow heat and moisture to escape. Various types of tape can be used to seal the gaps that developwhen the specimen deforms. Specimens shall be inclined from 15 to 75 from the horizontal and arra
29、nged so that condensate isreturned to the water pan without dripping on other specimens.5.3 Water Supply, with water level control. The water quality should be agreed upon between the customer and the supplier forrunning this test.5.4 Water Heater, preferably located under the water pan, controlled
30、by a thermostat with the sensing element located in thewater.FIG. 1 Controlled Condensation ApparatusD4585/D4585M 1325.5 Thermometer, with the stem extending into the air-water vapor mixture in the test chamber.5.6 Program Timer, Blower, and Air Heater, (optional) fitted to the chamber to provide pe
31、riods of drying on a fixed schedule.6. Test Specimens6.1 This practice does not cover the preparation of test specimens. The substrate composition and surface preparation, specimenpreparation, and the number of specimens should be agreed upon prior to testing.FIG. 2 Apparatus Cross SectionD4585/D458
32、5M 133NOTE 3Applicable methods for the preparation of test panels and substrates are given in Practice D609 and Practices D1730. Practices D823 coverapplication techniques for the production of uniform films.6.2 Its recommended that a control specimen of a paint with known durability be included wit
33、h each test. Such controlspecimens can provide warning of changes in test severity in a given apparatus, and can indicate variations in test severity betweendifferent apparatuses.6.3 Its recommended that at least two replicate specimens of each different coating be used, so as to compensate for vari
34、ationsbetween specimens and variations in test conditions within the apparatus.6.4 Test specimens should be flat rigid material. Minimum size is 76-mm (3-in.)3-in. wide and 152-mm (6-in.)6-in. tall.Maximum thickness is 8 mm (34 in.).in. Materials thicker than 8 mm (34 in.)in. insulate and the conden
35、sate does not form onthe tested side of the panel. If the test panels overshadow the upper shelf, do not put test panels on the upper shelf. Check thesamples periodically to make sure condensation is occurring.NOTE 4A 3 mm glass plate in place of a sample will work to monitor whether condensation is
36、 occurring.7. Procedure7.1 Fill the water pan to a depth of approximately 25 mm (1 in.)1 in. with water. The quality of the water in the pan does notaffect the test since the evaporation and condensation process yields distilled water, but the use of tap water can result in theaccumulation of residu
37、es in the water pan.7.2 Fill all spaces in the specimen holder rack with specimens or corrosion-resistant blank panels. Mount coated metal panelswith the coating to be tested facing the inside of the chamber. Coated wood specimens may be mounted in the same way.7.2.1 Blister tests to simulate the ef
38、fects of water vapor migration from inside a frame house are mounted with the uncoatedside of the wood specimen facing the inside of the test chamber.7.2.2 Close all cracks between specimens and all holes in specimens, to prevent water vapor loss and local temperaturevariation. Condensate usually se
39、als cracks or holes smaller than 1 mm (0.04 in.),0.04 in., but larger openings must be closed withtape or metal strips.7.3 Adjust the thermostat to maintain the desired temperature of the saturated air and water vapor mixture. Vapor temperaturesof 38, 49, or 60C (100,100, 120, or 140F)140F are sugge
40、sted. Other temperatures may be used provided that the temperatureis reported in conformance with Section 8. To ensure adequate condensation, maintain at least a 11C (20F ) 20F temperaturedifferential between the room and the vapor.7.4 Operate the chamber continuously unless otherwise specified or a
41、greed. The removal of specimens for inspections duringoperation is permitted. When removing a specimen for inspection, replace it with a blank so that the test conditions are not altered.7.5 Cyclic operation with alternating periods of condensation and drying may be used.Automatic drying requires th
42、e apparatusdescribed in 5.6. For manual drying of specimens, remove them from the apparatus. Drying periods should be at least 4 h long.7.6 To control for variability within the apparatus, reposition the specimens on a regular basis so that all specimens spendequivalent amounts of time in the variou
43、s areas of the apparatus (top, bottom, left, right, and center).7.7 Conclude the test after a specified period of time or after effects from exposure to water are noted.7.8 Remove specimens at the conclusion of the test. Do not leave the specimens in the apparatus at the conclusion of the testas the
44、 specimens can remain wet for hours, or even days, when the apparatus is turned off.7.9 Wipe the test specimens dry. Rate specimens for changes in color, blistering, etc. Evaluate specimens no less than 5 minand no more than 10 min after removal from test, as the effects from water exposure can chan
45、ge within a short time. Remove onlyas many specimens as can be rated within the specified time.NOTE 5 Relevant procedures for evaluating water effects are described in Test Methods D610 and D2616, and Test Methods D714, D1654, D3359,D3363, and D4541.7.9.1 If possible, rate the specimens again after
46、they have been removed from the test for a recovery period long enough thatmoisture absorbed within the specimen dries out and the specimens reach moisture equilibrium with room air. A recovery periodfrom 12 to 24 h is generally sufficient. The post-recovery rating allows evaluation of the permanent
47、 effects of the exposure asdistinct from the transient effects, and is especially important for evaluation of color and gloss.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Sample identification.8.1.2 Results of the evaluation(s).8.1.3 Reference to Practice D4585.8.1.4 Hours of test duration.8.
48、1.5 Description of any cyclic operations.8.1.6 Condensation temperature.D4585/D4585M 1348.1.7 Special conditions of test or any deviations in test procedure.9. Keywords9.1 adhesion; blistering; condensation; humidity; resistance-water; rustSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01 has identified the location
49、of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D4585 - 99D4585)-07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2007.)2013.)(1) The references to Practice G53 have been changed to PracticeRevised sentence 5.2 by changing “should” to “shall” and “avoid”G154. Practice G53 has been replaced by Practice to “eliminate.”G154.(2) A sentence was added to 5.1 about the location of the apparatus.Removed sentence in 5.3 about “The water quality should beagreed upon between the customer and the supplier for running t
