ASTM D4814-2012 Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel《自动火花点火发动机燃油标准规格》.pdf
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1、Designation: D4814 11bD4814 12Standard Specification forAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the establishment of require
3、ments of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped withspark-ignition engines.1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions.It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in acc
4、ordance with seasonal climatic changesat the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of theantiknock
5、index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarilyincludes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can performunsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in cer
6、tain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of thisspecification is shown in Appendix X1.1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcoholsand ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain a
7、n oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol(M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending onoxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also in
8、creases. Thecomposition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties,including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules,regulations, and Clean Air Act waiv
9、ers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties,including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer toAppendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphor
10、ous contents, deposit control additivecertification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules andadditional requirements.1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel
11、. Reformulatedspark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics aredescribed in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel.2 However, in addition to the legal requirements foundin this research report, reform
12、ulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in thisspecification.1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is undercontinuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel,
13、 automotive requirements, or test methods, or acombination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.NOTE 1If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters.1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are
14、 not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel underconsideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a procedure for determiningoxygenate concentration in mass percent. Test Method D4815 also includes pr
15、ocedures for calculating mass oxygen content andoxygenate concentration in volume percent. Appendix X4 provides a procedure for calculating the mass oxygen content of a fuelusing measured oxygenate type, oxygenate concentration in volume percent, and measured density or relative density of the fuel.
16、1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.A0.01on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2012. Published January 2012February 2013. Origin
17、ally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asD481411a.11b. DOI: 10.1520/D4814-11B.10.1520/D4814-12.2 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1347.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intend
18、ed only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
19、 versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.7 The following applies to all s
20、pecified limits in this standard: For purposes of determining conformance with thesespecifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit usedin expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of
21、Practice E29. For a specification limit expressedas an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer, andthe right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This
22、 convention appliesto specified limits in Tables 1, 3, and Table X8.1X7.1, and it will not be observed in the remainder of this specification.1.8 The values stated in SI units are the standard, except when other units are specified by federal regulation. Values given inparentheses are provided for i
23、nformation only.NOTE 2Many of the values shown in Table 1 were originally developed using U.S. customary units and were subsequently soft-converted to SI values.As a result, conversion of the SI values will sometimes differ slightly from the U.S. customary values shown because of round-off. In some
24、cases, federalregulations specify non-SI units.1.9 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user o
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