ASTM D4814-2013a Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel《汽车火花点火发动机燃料的标准规格》.pdf
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1、Designation: D4814 13aStandard Specification forAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the establishment of require-ments o
3、f automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped withspark-ignition engines.1.2 This specification describes various characteristics ofautomotive fuels for use over a wide range of operatingconditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and watertolerance of automotive fuel in accordance w
4、ith seasonalclimatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For theperiod May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressurelimits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaskaand Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with
5、seasonalclimatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1.This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuelsthat are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarilyexcludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certainoperating conditions or in certain equipment
6、. The significanceof each of the properties of this specification is shown inAppendix X1.1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specifi-cation are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such asalcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuelsthat contain an oxygenate as
7、the primary component, such asFuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxy-genates are not specifically limited in this specification.However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate contentincreases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicleproblems also increases. The com
8、position of both unleaded andleaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technicalconsideration, but their properties, including volatility, aredefined by this specification. In addition, the composition ofunleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean AirAct waivers of the U.S. En
9、vironmental Protection Agency(EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, thisspecification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules,regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussionsof EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorouscontents, deposit
10、 control additive certification, and use ofoxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPAfor the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements.1.4 This specification does not address the emission char-acteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Refor-mulated spar
11、k-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas tolower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its character-istics are described in the research report on reformulatedspark-ignition engine fuel.2However, in addition to the legalrequirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-igniti
12、on engine fuel should meet the performance requirementsfound in this specification.1.5 This specification represents a description of automotivefuel as of the date of publication. The specification is undercontinuous review, which can result in revisions based onchanges in fuel, automotive requireme
13、nts, or test methods, or acombination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore,should refer to the latest edition.NOTE 1If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of SpecificationD4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters.1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily appli-
14、cable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type offuel under consideration must first be identified in order toselect applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a proce-dure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent.Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calculati
15、ngmass oxygen content and oxygenate concentration in volumepercent. Appendix X4 provides a procedure for calculating themass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type,oxygenate concentration in volume percent, and measureddensity or relative density of the fuel.1.7 The following applies
16、 to all specified limits in thisstandard: For purposes of determining conformance with thesespecifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum
17、 Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4814 13. DOI:10.1520/D4814-13A.2Supporting
18、data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1347.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1used
19、 in expressing the specification limit, in accordance withthe rounding method of Practice E29. For a specification limitexpressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if thedecimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as aninteger, and the right-most digit is non-zero, t
20、he right-mostdigit is significant without a decimal point being specified. Thisconvention applies to specified limits in Tables 1, 3, and TableX7.1, and it will not be observed in the remainder of thisspecification.1.8 The values stated in SI units are the standard, exceptwhen other units are specif
21、ied by federal regulation. Valuesgiven in parentheses are provided for information only.NOTE 2Many of the values shown in Table 1 were originallydeveloped using U.S. customary units and were subsequently soft-converted to SI values. As a result, conversion of the SI values willsometimes differ sligh
22、tly from the U.S. customary values shown becauseof round-off. In some cases, federal regulations specify non-SI units.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
23、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copp
24、er Strip TestD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline (Withdrawn1990)4D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Me
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