1、Designation: D 4852 88 (Reapproved 2000)Standard Practice forEvaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific charac-teristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabricattach
3、ed to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted,flocked, or vinyl fabrics.1.2 It is understood that the fabric used to construct theupholstered furniture unit should be evaluated initially usingappropriate fabric performance standards, such as Specifica-tions D 3597 and D 3690.1.3 Loose cus
4、hions or pillows considered an inherent part ofthe total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers orthrows used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture cover-ings are not to be evaluated using this practice.1.5 This practice
5、shall not be construed to be a standard ofperformance but only as a standard practice for evaluation ofattached upholstery fabrics.1.6 This practice may be used by mutual agreement betweenpurchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all
6、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relat
7、ing to Textiles2D 3597 Specification for Woven Upholstery FabricsPlain, Tufted, or Flocked3D 3690 Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated andUrethane-Coated Upholstery FabricsIndoor3D 4771 Specification for Knitted Upholstery Fabrics forIndoor Furniture3NOTE 1Subcommittee D13.62 on Care Labeling
8、is preparing aterminology standard on Care Instructions for Textile Floor Coverings andUpholstery. A copy of the latest draft may be obtained from thesubchairman.2.2 AATCC Method:AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1Gray Scale for ColorChange42.3 Other Documents:Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guideline
9、s5Woven Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 attached upholstery fabric, nthe exterior fabriccovering secured to a furniture unit by the furniture manufac-turer or custom upholsterer. (See furniture covering.)3.1.2 back coating, n in textiles, an adhesive-ty
10、pe sub-stance applied to the back of a fabric for such purposes aslocking pile yarn tufts into a carpet backing, bonding asecondary backing to a primary backing, or increasing fabricbody or stiffness.3.1.2.1 DiscussionBack coatings are applied to uphol-stery fabrics to improve such attributes as dim
11、ensional stabilityand seam integrity.3.1.3 cleaning agent, na chemical compound or formula-tion of several compounds which loosen, disperse, dissolve, oremulsify soil to facilitate removal by mechanical action.3.1.4 furniture covering, na general term for attachedupholstery fabric, slipcovers, and t
12、hrows.3.1.5 furniture unit, n in upholstered furniture, a completesingle piece of upholstered seating, such as a sofa, love seat,lounge chair, rocker, or recliner.3.1.6 group, nin upholstered furniture, a number of indi-vidual upholstered furniture units that are related by one ormore physical chara
13、cteristics such as styling, color, shape, orcovering.3.1.7 overall cleaning, n for upholstered furniture, theapplication of an appropriate cleaning agent to the entire fabric1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D1
14、3.63 on Home Furnishings.Current edition approved July 29, 1988. Published September 1988.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.4Available from Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215,Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.5Issued in 1982
15、 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee, sponsored byNational Association of Furniture Manufacturers, California Furniture Manufactur-ers Association, Southern Furniture Manufacturers Association, Southwest FurnitureManufacturers Association, and Furniture Manufacturers Association of Gran
16、dRapids. Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. BoxHP-7, High Point, NC 27261.6Reissued in 1986 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee includingAmerican Furniture Manufacturers Association, California Furniture ManufacturersAssociation, Furniture Manufacturers As
17、sociation of Grand Rapids, Association ofWestern Furniture Suppliers, and Home Furnishings Manufacturers Association.Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box HP-7,High Point, NC 27261.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States
18、.covering, accomplished while the upholstery fabric remainsattached to the furniture unit.3.1.8 part, nin upholstered furniture, one component of afurniture unit, such as a seat, back, pillow, or arm cushion.3.1.9 refurbish, vas applied to textile products,tobrighten or freshen up and restore to wea
19、rability by cleaning,such as dry cleaning, laundering, or steam cleaning.3.1.10 slipcover, na removable, fitted protective textilecover, often decorative and specifically made for upholsteredfurniture. (See furniture covering.)3.1.11 spot and stain removal, na cleaning procedure forlocalized areas w
20、ith cleaning agents and mechanical actionspecific to the removal of the foreign substances present. (Syn.spot clean.)3.1.12 throw, na removable, unfitted protective textilecover, used over upholstered furniture. (See furniture cover-ing.)3.1.13 tufting, nin upholstered furniture, localized inden-tat
21、ion of upholstered furniture surfaces and cushions, by theuse of or appearance of buttons, providing an aesthetic treat-ment.3.1.14 upholstered furniture, nfurniture covered withsuch materials as textiles or leather, and generally with paddingor cushions or both.3.1.15 vacuum, vto clean using an ele
22、ctrically poweredmachine to create suction in order to remove loose, particulatesoil and lint.3.1.16 welted seam, n in upholstered furniture, seamsewn with a strip of covered cord between the two fabricpieces, joined so that the welting shows on the exterior of thefurniture unit.3.1.17 welting, nin
23、upholstered furniture, a cord coveredby strips of exterior fabric, used in welted seams of upholsterycovering.3.1.18 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisstandard, refer to the individual ASTM standards, AATCC TestMethods, and ASTM Terminology D 123.4. Significance and Use4.1 This prac
24、tice may be used to evaluate pertinent perfor-mance characteristics of attached upholstery fabrics.4.2 Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part ofthe total upholstered furniture unit are to be evaluated usingthis practice.4.3 This practice is not intended for use with outdoorfurniture n
25、or with slipcovers or throws.4.4 Evaluation is to be done both before and after therefurbishing procedures, as directed in voluntary care labelinginstructions or as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.4.5 The specified cleaning and maintenance proceduresherein discussed do not reflect profess
26、ional care designed toenhance the performance of furniture coverings, such as theapplication of soil and stain protectants. Reflected in thispractice are the minimum capabilities of current cleaningmethods used in accordance with any voluntary care labelinginstructions accompanying the furniture.4.6
27、 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptancecriteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-ment between purchaser and supplier.4.7 The significance and use of specific properties arediscussed in the appropriate test methods and performancestandards.5. Sampling, Selection, a
28、nd Number of Specimens5.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in anapplicable material specification or as agreed between thepurchaser and the supplier. In the absence of an applicablematerial specification or prior agreement, randomly sample onefurniture unit of each type to be tested. Treat th
29、e lot samplingunits as the laboratory sampling units.NOTE 2In many instances, only one furniture unit may be availabledue to styling, cost, size, or being a one-of-a-kind unit.5.2 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,make the number of observations as directed in the applicabletest metho
30、ds. Make the observations on the furniture units asthey would have reached the customer.CHARACTERISTICS AND TEST METHODS6. Selection of Characteristics6.1 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptancecriteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-ment between purchaser and su
31、pplier.7. Fabric Performance Characteristics7.1 Evaluate the selected upholstery fabric before it isattached to the furniture unit, using the appropriate perfor-mance specification methods as directed in SpecificationsD 3597, D 3690, D 4771 or the Knit and Woven UpholsteryFabric Standards, as agreed
32、 upon by purchaser and supplier.8. Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabric Prior toRefurbishing8.1 GeneralThe attached furniture covering characteris-tics to be evaluated prior to refurbishing may include, but arenot limited to: matching (such as pattern and pile direction);uniformity of shade (par
33、t to part); visual appearance offurniture unit (seams, welting, tufting); compatibility of furni-ture units within a group; and any obvious defects.8.1.1 For all visual evaluations use a light source as agreedupon between purchaser and supplier.8.2 MatchingEvaluate matching of such items as patterna
34、nd pile direction, and shade uniformity (part to part) followingthe procedures in “Pattern Repeat, Color and Shade” of theWoven Upholstery Fabric or Knit Upholstery Fabric Standardsand Guidelines.8.3 Visual AppearanceEvaluate the appearance of thefurniture unit including seams, welting, and tufting,
35、 as mutu-ally agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.8.4 Compatibility Within a GroupEvaluate visually thecompatibility of furniture units within a group, as mutuallyagreed upon between purchaser and supplier.8.5 Other DefectsExamine the attached textile furniturecovering for any other obvious defect
36、s.9. Refurbishing Conditions9.1 The refurbishing of attached upholstery fabric mayinvolve either overall cleaning, spot cleaning, or vacuuming, asD 48522directed by instructions on voluntary care labeling or as agreedupon between purchaser and supplier.9.1.1 Voluntary care instructions should be one
37、 of thosedescribed in the Cleanability Codes of the Woven or KnitUpholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines, where:WClean only with water based shampoo or foam upholsterycleaner. Do not overwet. Do not use solvents to spot clean. Pilefabrics may require brushing to restore appearance. Cushioncovers
38、should not be removed and laundered.SClean only with dry cleaning solvent. Do not saturate. Donot use water. Pile fabric may require brushing to restoreappearance. Cushion covers should not be removed and drycleaned.WSClean with shampoo, foam, or dry cleaning solvents asdesired. Do not saturate with
39、 liquid. Pile fabrics may requirebrushing to restore appearance. Cushion covers should not beremoved and dry cleaned.XDo not clean with either water base or solvent basecleaners. Use vacuuming and light brushing only.9.1.2 Furniture cushion covers having zippers or otherclosures should never be remo
40、ved for the refurbishing process.9.1.3 If vacuuming is the selected refurbishing method,report the equipment and details of the procedures used.9.1.4 If overall cleaning or spot cleaning are the selectedrefurbishing methods, choose an appropriate type of cleaningagent (solvent based or water based)
41、as directed by thevoluntary care instructions.9.1.4.1 The specific cleaning product used shall be a domes-tically available upholstery cleaning product, used as recom-mended by the manufacturer.9.1.5 Complete the refurbishing treatment once, or as manytimes as specified.9.2 After the refurbishing tr
42、eatment, allow the furniture unitto stand 24 h or until dry, and evaluate using the test methodsas directed in Section 10.10. Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabric AfterRefurbishing10.1 The characteristics of attached upholstery fabric to beevaluated after refurbishing may include, but are not li
43、mited to:color change; visual appearance of the furniture units; compat-ibility of furniture units within a group; and other characteris-tics as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.10.1.1 Determine color change caused by the refurbishingprocess by using the AATCC Gray Scale, when appropriate.
44、10.2 Evaluate the appearance of the furniture unit by notingcolor change, seams, welting, tufting, yarn appearance andslippage, as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.10.3 Evaluate compatibility of furniture units within a groupby noting changes in appearance, color and texture, as agreedupon
45、 between purchaser, and supplier.10.4 Examine upholstery fabric for any other obviouschanges.REPORT, CONFORMANCE, AND INDEXING11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inPractice D 4852.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Objective of the test.11.2.2 Description and id
46、entification of furniture units andupholstery fabric coverings.11.2.3 Number of furniture units tested.11.2.4 Description of refurbishing products and proceduresused.11.2.5 Specific details of each test, where there is an optionin procedures, or when purchaser and supplier have reached amutual agree
47、ment on procedure.11.2.6 List of performance characteristics evaluated and theresults of each evaluation.11.2.7 Conclusions, if appropriate.12. Conformance12.1 When the purchaser and the supplier have agreed uponspecific requirements for the characteristics that are to beconsidered, the upholstered
48、furniture that fails to meet theserequirements may be rejected. Rejection should be reported tothe supplier in writing. In case of disagreement with the resultsof the tests, the supplier may make claim for a retest.13. Keywords13.1 furniture; upholsteryThe American Society for Testing and Materials
49、takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
