1、Designation: D 4867/D 4867M 04Standard Test Method forEffect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4867/D 4867M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing andtesting asphalt concrete specimens for the purpose of measu
3、r-ing the effect of water on the tensile strength of the pavingmixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures suchas those appearing in the Table for Composition of BituminousPaving Mixtures in Specification D 3515. This test method canbe used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or wi
4、thoutantistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solidssuch as hydrated lime or portland cement.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsin parentheses shall be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each sys
5、tem must be used independently of the other, withoutcombining values in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det
6、ermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD 1074 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Bitumi-nous MixturesD 1559 Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow ofBituminous Mixtures
7、 Using Marshall Apparatus3D 1561 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture TestSpecimens by Means of California Kneading CompactorD 2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Non-Ab
8、sorptive Compacted Bituminous MixturesD 3203 Test Method for Percent Air Voids in CompactedDense and Open Bituminous Paving MixturesD 3387 Test Method for Compaction and Shear Propertiesof Bituminous Mixtures by Means of the U.S. Corps ofEngineers Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM)D 3496 Practice for Pr
9、eparation of Bituminous MixtureSpecimens for Dynamic Modulus TestingD 3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid BituminousPaving MixturesD 3549 Test Method for Thickness or Height of CompactedBituminous Paving Mixture SpecimensD 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of ConstructionMaterialsD 4013 Pract
10、ice for Preparation of Test Specimens of Bitu-minous Mixtures by Means of Gyratory Shear CompactorD 4123 Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for ResilientModulus of Bituminous Mixtures3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Potential for Moisture DamageThe degree of suscep-tibility to moisture damage is dete
11、rmined by preparing a set oflaboratory-compacted specimens conforming to the job-mixformula without an additive. The specimens are compacted toa void content corresponding to void levels expected in thefield, usually in the 6 to 8 % range. The set is divided into twosubsets of approximately equal vo
12、id content. One subset ismaintained dry while the other subset is partially saturated withwater and moisture conditioned. The tensile strength of eachsubset is determined by the tensile splitting test. The potentialfor moisture damage is indicated by the ratio of the tensilestrength of the wet subse
13、t to that of the dry subset.3.2 Additive EffectThe effect of an antistripping additiveis determined on a set of specimens containing an additiveprepared and tested as described in 3.1. The effect of anadditive dosage may be estimated by repeating the tests on setswith different additive dosages.1Thi
14、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.22 onEffect of Water and Other Elements on Bituminous Coated Aggregates.Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originallyapproved in 1
15、988. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 486796.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3With
16、drawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3 Plant-Produced MixturesThe potential for moisturedamage or the effectiveness of an additive in a plant-producedmixture is determined on specimens that are laboratory com-pacte
17、d to expected field-level void content, divided into wetand dry subsets, and evaluated as described in 3.2.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to test asphalt concretemixtures in conjunction with mixture design testing to deter-mine the potential for moisture damage, to determine
18、 whetheror not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determinewhat dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effec-tiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixturesproduced in plants to determine the effectiveness of additivesunder the conditions imposed in the field.5. App
19、aratus5.1 To prepare and compact the specimens use apparatusfrom any one of the following: Test Methods D 1074, D 1559,and D 3387, Practice D 3496, or Practices D 1561 and D 4013.5.2 Vacuum Pump or Water Aspirator in accordance withTest Method D 2041.5.3 Manometer or Vacuum Gage in accordance with T
20、estMethod D 2041.5.4 Container, preferably Type F, of Test Method D 2041.5.5 Balance in accordance with Test Method D 2726.5.6 Water Baths Three:5.6.1 One waterbath in accordance with Test MethodD 2726.5.6.2 One bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 606 1.0C (140 6 1.8F) for 24 h, and5.6.3 On
21、e bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 256 1.0C (77 6 1.8F).5.7 Loading Jack and Ring Dynamometer in accordancewith Test Method D 1559, or a Mechanical or HydraulicTesting Machine capable of maintaining the required strain rateand measuring load with equal or better precision.5.8 Loading Str
22、ips in accordance with Test MethodD 4123.6. Preparation of Laboratory Test Specimens6.1 Make at least six specimens for each test, three to betested dry and three to be tested after partial saturation andmoisture conditioning.6.2 Use specimens 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter and 62.5 mm(2.5 in.) high, in
23、 general, but specimens of other dimensionsmay be used if desired. When using aggregate larger than 25mm (1 in.), use specimens at least 150 mm (6 in.) in diameter.NOTE 1The user is cautioned that the specimen diameter has beendetermined to influence both the tensile strength and the tensile strengt
24、hratio. The tensile strength and the tensile strength ratio values may bedifferent for 150mm specimens compared to 100mm specimens.6.3 Prepare mixtures in batches large enough to make atleast 3 specimens or, as an alternative, prepare a batch justlarge enough for 1 specimen. If theoretical maximum s
25、pecificgravity is to be determined, use a batch large enough or preparea separate batch to provide a specimen for this purpose.6.4 When a liquid antistripping additive is used, heat asufficient quantity of asphalt cement for one batch to 150 66C (300 6 10F) in a closed 1 L (1-qt) can in an oven. Add
26、the required quantity of additive and immediately mix, forapproximately 2 min, with a mechanical stirrer approximately25 mm (1 in.) from the bottom of the container. Maintain thetreated asphalt cement at 150 6 6C (300 6 10F) in theclosed can until it is used. Discard the treated asphalt cement ifnot
27、 used the same day it is prepared, or if allowed to cool sothat it requires reheating.6.5 When using a pulverulent solid antistripping additive ,use the addition procedure simulating the procedure expectedin the field. Follow the procedure specified in either 6.5.1,6.5.2, or 6.5.3.6.5.1 When dry pow
28、der is added to dry aggregate, dry,batch, and heat the mineral aggregate to 150 6 6C (300 610F). Add the required quantity of additive to the aggregate,and thoroughly mix the entire mass until a uniform distributionof additive is achieved. Take care to minimize the loss ofadditive to the atmosphere
29、in the form of dust. After mixing,maintain the treated aggregate at the required mixing tempera-ture until it is used.6.5.2 When dry powder is added to damp aggregate, batchthe damp mineral aggregate, and adjust the moisture content ofthe combined aggregate to the expected field moisture level.Add t
30、he required quantity of additive to the damp aggregate,and thoroughly mix the entire mass until a uniform distributionof additive is achieved. Take care to minimize the loss ofadditive to the atmosphere in the form of dust. After mixing,dry the treated aggregate, heat to the required mixing tempera-
31、ture, and maintain at that temperature until it is used.6.5.3 When powder slurry is used, add the required quantityof additive to water using the powder to water ratio expected inthe field. Take care to minimize the loss of additive to theatmosphere in the form of dust. To prevent settling, continu-
32、ously mix the resulting slurry until it is used. Batch the dampmineral aggregate, adjust the moisture content as required in6.5.2, add the required quantity of slurry, and thoroughly mixthe entire mass until a uniform distribution of slurry isachieved. After mixing, dry the treated aggregate, heat t
33、o therequired mixing temperature, and maintain at that temperatureuntil used.6.6 Proportion, mix, and compact specimens in accordancewith one of the following: Test Methods D 1074, D 1559,D 3387, Practice D 3496, Practices D 1561 or D 4013, and6.6.1 and 6.6.2. If Test Method D 1559 is used, either a
34、 manualor mechanical hammer may be used.6.6.1 After mixing, stabilize the mixture temperature ofeach specimen at the required compaction temperature, in aclosed container, in an oven for 1 to 2 h. If preparing amulti-specimen batch, split the batch into single-specimenquantities before placing into
35、the oven.6.6.2 Compact the specimens to 7 6 1 % air voids, or a voidlevel expected in the field at the time of construction. This voidlevel can be obtained by adjusting the following: the static loadin double-plunger compaction; the number of blows in amarshall hammer compaction; the foot pressure,
36、number oftamps, leveling load, or some combination in kneading com-paction; or the number of revolutions in gyratory compaction.Determine the exact procedure by trial for each mixture.D 4867/D 4867M 0426.6.3 Cool specimens in the mold to room temperature asrapidly as possible in a stream of moving a
37、ir, extract frommolds, then follow the procedure outlined in Section 8 within24 h.7. Preparation of Field Specimens7.1 Select a truck to be sampled in accordance with PracticeD 3665.7.2 Secure a sample from the truck at the plant in accor-dance with Practice D 979.7.3 Stabilize the mixture temperatu
38、re to approximately thetemperature found in the field when rolling begins. Maintainthis temperature in a closed container, in an oven if necessary,for approximately the time lapse between mixing and the startof actual rolling.7.4 Compact the specimens in accordance with 6.6.2, andcool and extract fr
39、om the molds in accordance with 6.6.3.7.5 If specimens are not to be compacted in the fieldlaboratory, place the samples in a sealed container, transport tothe laboratory, and reheat to the temperature required in 7.3.Proceed with the steps in 7.4.NOTE 2Specimens made from plant-produced mixtures in
40、 accordancewith Section 7 may yield different results from specimens made fromlaboratory-produced mixtures of the same job mix made in accordancewith Section 6.8. ProcedureNOTE 3A data sheet that is convenient for use with this procedureappears in Appendix X1.8.1 Determine the theoretical maximum sp
41、ecific gravity inaccordance with Test Method D 2041.8.2 Determine the specimen height in accordance with TestMethod D 3549.8.3 Determine the bulk specific gravity in accordance withTest Method D 2726, and express the volume of the specimenin cubic centimeters. The term (B-C) in Test Method D 2726 is
42、the volume of the specimen in cubic centimetres.8.4 Calculate the percent air voids in accordance with TestMethod D 3203, and express the volume of air in cubiccentimeters. The volume of air is the volume of the specimenin 8.3 multiplied by the percent air voids.8.5 Sort the specimens into two subse
43、ts so that the averageair voids of the two subsets are approximately equal. Store thesubset to be tested dry at room temperature.8.6 Partially saturate the subset to be moisture conditionedwith distilled water at room temperature using a vacuumchamber. If it is difficult to reach the minimum degree
44、ofsaturation required in 8.6.3, the water used to saturate may beheated up to 60C (140F).8.6.1 Partially saturate, to the degree specified in 8.6.3, byapplying a partial vacuum such as 70 kPa or 525 mm Hg (20in. Hg) for a short time such as five min.NOTE 4Experiments with partial vacuum at room temp
45、erature indi-cate that the degree of saturation is very sensitive to the magnitude of thevacuum and practically independent of the duration. The level of vacuumneeded appears to be different for different mixtures.8.6.2 Determine the volume of the partially saturated speci-men in accordance with Tes
46、t Method D 2726. Determine thevolume of the absorbed water by subtracting the air-dry massof the specimen in 8.3 from the saturated surface-dry mass ofthe partially saturated specimen.8.6.3 Determine the degree of saturation by dividing thevolume of the absorbed water in 8.6.2 by the volume of airvo
47、ids in 8.4 and express the result as a percentage. If thevolume of water is between 55 and 80 % of the volume of air,proceed to 8.7. If the volume of water is less than 55 %, repeatthe procedure beginning with 8.6.1 using a slightly higherpartial vacuum. If the volume of water is more than 80 %, the
48、specimen has been damaged and is discarded.NOTE 5If the average air voids of the saturated subset is less than6.5 %, a degree of saturation of at least 70 % is recommended.8.7 Moisture condition the partially saturated specimens bysoaking in distilled water at 60 6 1.0C (140 6 1.8F) for 24h.NOTE 6If
49、 a freeze-thaw conditioning cycle is desired, the followingprocedure is suggested instead of the procedure in 8.7. Wrap each of thepartially saturated specimens tightly with two layers of plastic film usingmasking tape to hold the wrapping if necessary. Place each wrappedspecimen into a leak-proof plastic bag containing approximately 3 mL ofdistilled water, and seal the bag with a tie or tape. Place the wrapped andbagged specimens into an air bath freezer at 18 6 2.0C (0.4 6 3.6F).After at least 15 h in the freezer, remove the specimens and immerse themin
