1、Designation: D 4919 03Standard Guide forTesting of Hazardous Materials Packagings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 The main focus of this guide is to identify the keyinformation re
3、quired for United Nations (UN) packagingcertification to ensure the selected packaging will be certifiedto the appropriate level for its intended use. This document alsoprovides guidance for locating relevant sections of the UnitedStates Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of FederalRegulatio
4、ns (CFR). Consult with a regulatory specialist when-ever needed.1.2 This guide is intended to assist in determining theappropriate performance tests required to certify packagingdesigns to the United States Department of Transportation Title49 Code of Federal Regulations performance oriented packag-
5、ing standards based on the United Nations Recommendationson the Transport of Dangerous Goods.1.3 This guide covers the testing for transportation ofhazardous materials packagings for net masses not exceeding400 kg (880 lb) or capacities not exceeding 450 L (119 gal),excepting packagings for infectio
6、us substances, radioactivematerials, cylinders and other receptacles for gases.1.4 This guide does not replace domestic or internationalregulatory requirements for hazardous materials packaging butis strongly recommended to be used in conjunction with thoseregulations.1.5 The user of this guide must
7、 be trained in accordancewith the United States Department of Transportation Title 49Code of Federal Regulations as required by 172.700 andshould be familiar with other applicable hazardous materialsregulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) Technical Instructions for the S
8、afe Transport of Dan-gerous Goods by Air, and the International Maritime Danger-ous Goods Code (IMDG Code) and carrier rules such asInternational Air Transport Association (IATA) DangerousGoods Regulations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
9、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid
10、 Method)D 642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resis-tance of Shipping Containers, Components, and UnitLoadsD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of ShippingConta
11、inersD 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingD 4359 Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Isa Liquid or a SolidD 4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of aContai
12、ner Under Constant LoadD 4991 Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty RigidContainers by Vacuum MethodD 5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers byFree FallD 5570 Test Method for Water Resistance of Tape andAdhesives Used as Box Closure2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 535 Determination of Water Abso
13、rption of Paper andBoard (Cobb Method)32.3 United Nations Document:1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping ContainerEnvironment.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originall
14、yapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1989 as D 4919 89 (1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
15、the ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dan-gerous
16、 Goods42.4 Regulatory Documents:International Air Transport Association (IATA) DangerousGoods Regulations5International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) TechnicalInstructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods byAir6International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDGCode)7United States Depart
17、ment of Transportation Code of FederalRegulations Title 49, Transportation (CFR-49) Parts 100-19982.5 Industry Document:Steel Shipping Container Institute (SSCI) “UN Test Proce-dures” for 1A1 and 1A2 Steel Drums93. Terminology3.1 Reference 49 CFR, Section 171.8: Definitions andAbbreviations.3.2 Refe
18、rence 49 CFR, Part 173, Subpart D: DefinitionsClassification, Packing Group Assignment and Exceptions forHazardous Materials other than Class 1 and Class 7 (forexample, definition of flammable liquid).3.3 Reference 49 CFR, Sections 178.503-178.523 for Non-bulk packaging standards (for example, 1A1,
19、1H2, 4G, etc.).3.4 Reference 49 CFR, Section 178.601(c): General Re-quirements, Definitions.3.5 The terms hazardous materials and dangerous goods aremeant to be interchangeable.3.6 Reference Terminology D 996.3.7 Other terms may be found in modal specific regulatorydocuments listed in 2.4.3.8 Defini
20、tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.8.1 Packing GroupHazardous Materials are assigned toa Packing Group based on the degree of danger as follows:3.8.1.1 Packing Group ISubstances presenting great dan-ger.3.8.1.2 Packing Group IISubstances presenting mediumdanger.3.8.1.3 Packing Group IIISubst
21、ances presenting minordanger.3.8.2 Performance StandardUN certified Packagings areauthorized to transport hazardous materials and are marked toa performance standard as follows:3.8.2.1 Performance Standard “X” PackagingMay beused to transport hazardous materials in Packing Groups I, II,and III.3.8.2
22、.2 Performance Standard “Y” PackagingMay beused to transport hazardous materials in Packing Groups II andIII.3.8.2.3 Performance Standard “Z” PackagingMay onlybe used to transport hazardous materials in Packing Group III.4. Significance and Use4.1 The UN performance tests are based on the degree ofh
23、azard presented by the proposed hazardous material(s) to bepackaged.4.2 Substances and articles which are hazardous are as-signed to a specific packing group as defined in 3.8.1 and maybe determined by referencing 49 CFR 172.101 hazardousmaterials table.4.3 Only packaging designs that have been succ
24、essfullytested to the UN performance standards as defined in 3.8.2 maybe marked with a UN mark. Hazardous Materials may not betransported in a packaging that does not bear the appropriateUN markings unless otherwise authorized by the applicablecompetent authority.4.4 Packages successfully tested to
25、the UN performancestandards may or may not withstand the North Americandistribution environment. To further evaluate the suitability ofthe package it is strongly recommended that additional tests asdetailed in Practice D 4169 or other carrier specified testrequirements be conducted.5. Procedure5.1 I
26、ntroductionHazardous materials must be offered fortransportation within the United States in packagings autho-rized by U.S. DOT 49 CFR. When UN specification packagingis required for shipping hazardous materials, this packagingmust first be subjected to and meet the UN performancestandards as outlin
27、ed in 49 CFR. It is recommended the user ofthis document review key areas of 49 CFR to gain a betterunderstanding of the domestic requirements for package certi-fication. The following are suggested areas to review:5.1.1 49 CFR, 173.24, and 173.24a General Requirementsfor Packagings and PackagesThis
28、 section of the regulationscontains information on the following: General applicabilityrequirements, Packagings manufactured outside the U.S.,Compatibility, Venting of Packagings, Filling Requirements,Vibration Requirements, Filling Limits, Vapor Pressure Deter-minations and other issues.5.1.2 49 CF
29、R, 173.27 General Requirements for Transpor-tation by AircraftThis section of the regulations containsinformation on the following: Pressure capability requirementsfor packagings transporting liquids, Closure requirements, andrequirements for the use of Absorbent Materials.5.1.3 49 CFR, 178.601 Gene
30、ral RequirementsThis sec-tion of the regulations contains information on the following:Design Qualification, Periodic Retesting, Production Testing,and Selective Testing for UN packagings.5.1.4 49 CFR, 178.602 Preparation of Packagings andPackages for TestingThis section of the regulations containsi
31、nformation on filling requirements for liquids and solidspackaging certification along with conditioning requirements.5.2 Use of UN Certified PackagingA UN packaging maybe used for different products under the same certification4Available from United Nations, 866 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY10
32、017.5Available from IATA, Customer Service Rep., 2000 Peel St., Montreal, QuebecH3A 2R4.6Available from ICAO, Suite 400, 1000 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec,H3A 2R2 Canada.7Available from International Marine Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,London, Ontario 5E1 7SR Canada.8Available from Super
33、intendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402-9371 (website: hazmat.dot.gov).9Available from the Steel Shipping Container Institute, 1101 14th Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.D4919032provided the hazardous material and packaging are compatible,the regulations authorize
34、the use of the packaging for theintended hazardous material, and the UN packaging certifica-tion is appropriate for the intended product.5.3 Key Information for Packaging CertificationTo en-sure the selected packaging will be certified to the appropriatelevel for its intended use the information out
35、lined in 5.3.1-5.3.4should be obtained and carefully reviewed.5.3.1 Packaging StandardDetermine if the packagingconfiguration meets the construction and specification require-ments of one of the UN standards (for example, FiberboardBox, Metal Drum, Plastic Drum, etc.) listed in 49 CFR,178.504178.523
36、. If the packaging selected does not meetthese requirements, approval may be required from the com-petent authority for UN certification (49 CFR, 178.601(h).5.3.2 Hazardous Material InformationDetermine whatproducts are to be shipped in the selected packaging. Consid-eration should be given to new o
37、r potential products to beshipped. The type of hazardous materials being shipped willdetermine the appropriate performance tests.5.3.2.1 Packing GroupPackagings must be selected basedon the hazards presented in transportation according to therespective Packing Group assignments of the intended hazar
38、d-ous materials as defined in 3.8.1.NOTE 1If different products are intended to be shipped in the selectedpackaging, keep in mind the product presenting the greatest danger maynot be the product resulting in the highest specific gravity or heaviest grossmass (for example, a Packing Group I liquid ma
39、y have a specific gravityof 1.1, and a Packing Group II liquid may have a specific gravity of 1.9).This information is important for determining the appropriate performancetests. The following sections of 49 CFR pertaining to “non-bulk fillinglimits” provides guidance for the use of UN certified pac
40、kagings: 49 CFR,173.24a(b)(1), 173.24a(b)(2), and 173.24a(b)(3). Note, these sections onlyapply to single and composite packagings and not combination packag-ings.5.3.2.2 Hazardous Material Type (Liquid or Solid)Determine if the selected packaging will be used for shippingliquid or solid hazardous m
41、aterials or both (see Test MethodD 4359 for determining whether a material is a liquid or solid).The UN test requirements are different for solids and liquids. Ifthe packaging is intended for shipping both liquids and solids,two separate certification tests may need to be performed.Single and compos
42、ite packagings tested for liquids may beauthorized for solid materials (see 49 CFR 173.24a(b)(3).Combination packagings require separate testing for liquidsand solids. Consult the most recent revision of the hazardousmaterials regulations to determine certification requirements.5.3.2.3 Specific Grav
43、ity for LiquidsUsing product Mate-rial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or other acceptable methods,obtain information on the maximum specific gravity of theliquid product(s) to be shipped in the selected packaging.Testing should be conducted based on the highest specificgravity product for single and comp
44、osite packagings and thehighest specific gravity product resulting in the heaviest grossmass for combination packagings. This information is neededto determine test levels and authorized gross mass of thepackaging.5.3.2.4 Gross Mass for SolidsUsing product MSDS orother acceptable methods, obtain inf
45、ormation on the maximumgross mass (based on net fill weight) of the solid product(s) tobe shipped in the selected packaging. This information isneeded to determine test fill weights and authorized gross massof the packaging.5.3.2.5 Vapor Pressure of Liquid MaterialFor liquid haz-ardous materials, in
46、formation on the vapor pressure of thematerial determined at 50 or 55C should be obtained using theappropriate ASTM Standard (see Test Method D 323) or otheracceptable methods (see 49 CFR, 173.24a(b)(4). For singleand composite packaging this information is required todetermine the appropriate hydro
47、static test pressure. For innerpackagings of a combination packaging intended for shippingliquids by air transportation, this information is required todetermine the appropriate pressure differential test require-ments.5.3.3 Mode of TransportationDetermine the intendedmode(s) of transportation for t
48、he selected packaging. Certainmodes of transportation may require additional testing ortesting to a more stringent level. (for example, the innerpackagings of a combination packaging intended to containliquids and shipped by air transportation must be capable ofpassing a pressure differential test (
49、see 49 CFR, 173.27(c).This capability requirement does not apply if the same packageis shipped by surface transportation only.)5.3.4 Packaging Assembly FunctionsDetermine how thepackaging will be assembled. Information should include:5.3.4.1 Package Description,5.3.4.2 Special closure functions,5.3.4.3 Closure application torque,5.3.4.4 Box sealing method (taped, stitched, glued),5.3.4.5 Inner packaging orientation,5.3.4.6 Cushioning requirements and orientation, and5.3.4.7 Any other requirements to assemble the package asfor shipment.NOTE 2The form in
