1、Designation: D 4979 95 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forPhysical Description Screening Analysis in Waste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to identify wastes by describingcertain physical properties. It has been developed as a ra
3、pid buteffective means for visually screening wastes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility o
4、f regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard andwarning information is given in Section 7 and 9.1.6.2. Terminology2.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 screening analysisa preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the userspeci
5、fic information about a waste that will aid in determiningwaste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-dling.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Samples are inspected and the physical appearance isrecorded, including color, turbidity, viscosity, physical state,layering, and any other obse
6、rvable attribute (for example,texture).4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use by those in thewaste management industries to aid in describing the physicalcharacteristics of waste.4.2 This test method can be used in identifying discrepan-cies between the waste, manifest, and
7、historical descriptions.5. Interferences5.1 Opaque sample containers require removal of a repre-sentative sample sufficient for complete observation. It isrecommended that a representative portion be transferred to aclean, dry, clear glass container.6. Apparatus6.1 Disposable Spatula or Eye Dropper.
8、6.2 Clear Glass Sample Containers.7. Hazards7.1 Avoid inhalation and skin or eye contact, or both, withany hazardous materials.7.2 This procedure must be carried out within a laboratoryfume hood.8. Sampling8.1 Samples should be obtained in clear glass containers.8.2 Liquid samples may require time t
9、o stabilize (that is,until layers reform).8.3 It may be helpful to pick up the sample container andtilt, rotate, swirl, invert it or to manipulate the sample with aclean, disposable spatula or eye dropper.8.4 If necessary, allow the sample to come to room tem-perature in a sealed container. For exam
10、ple, frozen materialshould be allowed to thaw completely.9. Procedures9.1 Inspect the waste sample and describe the physicalattributes noting the following areas.9.1.1 ColorDescribe the visual color of the sample. Ifmore than one color is present, list colors in decreasing orderof prominence. Additi
11、onal descriptive terms may be useful (forexample, purple with swirls of blue and flecks of yellow).9.1.2 TurbidityDescribe liquid samples or liquid portionsof samples in terms of clear (transparent), cloudy (translucent),or opaque.9.1.3 ViscosityDescribe the viscosity of liquids and slud-ges. Descri
12、be viscosity in reference to viscosity like water,medium viscosity like syrup or motor oil, or high viscosity likemolasses or warm tar. Tip the container sideways or invert tonote the viscosity. If a sample is tipped 90 for 5 s and has novisible flow, report it as such.9.1.4 Physical StateDescribe a
13、s liquid, solid, sludge,powder, granular, etc. Note any unusual physical attributes.Note the general range of particle size, (fine to coarse) and thepresence of larger chunks. The presence of any free liquidsmust be noted, as must the presence of (or for stabilized wastes,1This test method is under
14、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 onScreening Methods.Current edition approved June 15, 1995. Published August 1995. Originallypublished as D 4979 89. Last previous edition D 4979 89.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
15、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the absence of) sorbants (absorbants and adsorbents) as a soletreatment. Such sorbants might include sawdust, ground orwhole corn cobs, or vermiculite.9.1.5 LayeringDescribe any layering in terms of roughpercentages of
16、the total sample. Record the color, turbidity, andphysical state of each layer. Describe multilayered samples bylisting the layers and their percentages from the top downward(that is, 5 % golden transparent medium-viscosity liquid over90 % black opaque low-viscosity liquid over 5 % blue trans-lucent
17、 low-viscosity liquid).NOTE 1The presence of oil, water, or heavier fractions such ashalogenated solvents can be confirmed by noting the solubility orinsolubility of each phase and, if insoluble, noting if it is heavier or lighterthan water.9.1.6 OdorNote only obvious incidental odors noticedduring
18、sample handling. (WarningIntentional smelling ofsamples must not be performed under any circumstances!)9.2 All descriptions must be recorded in a complete andconcise manner.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof this test method since the results of the
19、test are based onvisual observations only.11. Keywords11.1 color; physical description; screening analysis; turbid-ity; viscosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard ar
20、e expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
21、revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which yo
22、u may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4979 95 (2003)2
