1、Designation: D 5001 06An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by theBall-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear asp
3、ectsof the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuelson rubbing steel surfaces.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associa
4、ted with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are givenin Section 7 and Annex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
5、D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace Contamination2.2 Military Specification:MIL-I-25017, Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, FuelSoluble32.3 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel42.4 American National Standards In
6、stitute Standard:ANSI B3.12, Metal Balls52.5 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:SAE 8720 Steel63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cylinderthe test ring and mandrel assembly.3.1.2 lubricitya general term used to describe the bound-ary lubrication properties o
7、f a fluid. In this test method, thelubricity of a fluid is defined in terms of a wear scar, inmillimetres, produced on a stationary ball from contact withthe fluid-wetted rotating cylinder operating under closelydefined and controlled conditions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The fluid under test is p
8、laced in a test reservoir in whichatmospheric air is maintained at 10 % relative humidity. Anon-rotating steel ball is held in a vertically mounted chuck andforced against an axially mounted steel ring with an appliedload. The test cylinder is rotated at a fixed speed while beingpartially immersed i
9、n the fluid reservoir. This maintains thecylinder in a wet condition and continuously transports the testfluid to the ball/cylinder interface. The wear scar generated onthe test ball is a measure of the fluid lubricating properties. Forwear scar diameter (WSD) calibration and standardization, seeSec
10、tion 9.5. Significance and Use5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened lifeof engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls hassometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel systemcomponent distress due
11、 to wear has been demonstrated forsome fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubricationis a factor in the operation of the component.5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricityevaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of thefluids and test materials, the presence of
12、 oxygen and water inthe atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approve
13、d Dec. 1, 2006. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 500103.This test method was developed by the Coordinating Research Council and is apart of their report No. 560.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
14、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50984Available
15、 from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1101 17th St., NW,Suite 1300, Washington, DC 20036.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 150
16、96-0001.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquiredduring sampling and storage. Containers specified in
17、 PracticeD 4306 shall be used.5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect oper-ating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuelsthat contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds maygive anomalous test results.6. Apparatus6.1 Ball-On-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE), illus
18、-trated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The test requirements are listed inTable 1.76.2 Constant Temperature Bath-Circulator, capable ofmaintaining the fluid sample at 25 6 1C when circulatingcoolant through the base of the sample reservoir.6.3 Microscope, capable of 1003 magnification in gradua-tions of 0.1
19、mm and incremented in divisions of 0.01 mm.6.3.1 Glass Slide Micrometer, with a scale ruled in 0.01 mmdivisions.8,96.4 Cleaning BathUltrasonic seamless stainless steel tankwith a capacity of 1.9 L (12 gal) and a cleaning power of 40 W.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Ring,ofSAE 8720 steel, having a
20、 Rockwell hard-ness “C” scale, (HRC) number of 58 to 62 and a surface finishof 0.56 to 0.71 m (22 to 28 in.) root mean square. Thedimensions are given in Fig. 3.9,107.2 Mandrel, a 10 tapered short cylindrical section used forholding test ring.9,11See Fig. 2.7.3 Test Ball, chrome alloy steel, made fr
21、om AISI standardsteel No. E-52100, with a diameter of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) grade5 to 10 EP finish. The balls are described in ANSI Specifica-tions B 3.12. The extra-polish finish is not described in thatspecification. The HRC shall be 64 to 66, a closer limit than isfound in the ANSI requirement.9,127B
22、OCLE units, BOC 100, made by InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio,TX 78279 have been found satisfactory. Other units built to the drawings availablefrom ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, meeting the testrequirements of Table 1 in accordance with the procedure of 3.2 of Guidel
23、ines forEquipment Supply, Listing, and Replacement in ASTM Committee D02 methodsand practices are considered acceptable. These units can have different operatingprocedures.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Catalog No. 31-16-99 from Bausch and Lomb, Inc
24、. A certificate of traceabilityfrom the National Institute of Standards and Technology is available.9If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technic
25、al committee1, which you may attend.10The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Test Rings, Part No. F25061 from Falex Corp., 2055 Comprehensive Drive,Aurora, IL 60505.11Mandrel, part No. M-O from Falex Corp., or P/N BOC-2101 from InterAv, Inc.P.O. Box 792228,
26、San Antonio, TX 78279, have been found satisfactory.12The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Test Balls, SKF Swedish, part No. 310995A, RB 12.7, grade 5 to 10 EP Finish,AISI 52100 Alloy from SKF Industries, Component Systems, 1690 East RaceStreet, Allentown,
27、 PA 90653.FIG. 1 Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity EvaluatorFIG. 2 Ring Mandrel AssemblyTABLE 1 Standard Operating ConditionsFluid Volume 50 6 1.0 mLFluid Temperature 25 6 1CConditioned Air 10 6 0.2 % relative humidityat 25 6 1CFluid pretreatment 0.50 L/min flowing through and 3.3 L/minover the fluid for 1
28、5 min.Fluid test conditions 3.8 L/min flowing over the fluid.Applied Load 1000 g (500 g weight)Cylinder Rotational Speed 240 6 1 r/minTest Duration 30 6 0.1 minD50010627.4 Compressed Air (WarningCompressed gas underhigh pressure. Use with extreme caution in the presence ofcombustible material, since
29、 the autoignition temperatures ofmost organic compounds in air are drastically reduced atelevated pressures. See A1.1.), containing less than 0.1 ppmhydrocarbons and 50 ppm water.7.5 Desiccator, containing a non-indicating drying agent,capable of storing test rings, balls, and hardware.7.6 Gloves, c
30、lean, lint-free, cotton, disposable.7.7 Wiper, wiping tissue, light duty, lint free, hydrocarbonfree, disposable.7.8 Isooctane (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmfulif inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fires. See A1.2.), conform-ing to American Chemical Society (ACS) Reagent/GeneralPurpose Reagent (GPR)
31、 grade standards, 95 % purity mini-mum, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.7.9 Isopropyl Alcohol (WarningFlammable. See A1.3.),conforming to ACS Reagent/GPR grade standards.7.10 Acetone (WarningExtremely flammable. Vaporsmay cause flash fire. See A1.4), conforming to ACS Reagent/GPR grade standards.7.11 Referen
32、ce Fluids:9,137.11.1 Fluid AA mixture shall contain 30 mg/kg of aspecific fuel soluble corrosion inhibitor/lubricity improverconforming to MIL-I-250179,14(WarningFlammable. Vaporharmful. See A1.5.), in fluid B9,15(WarningFlammable.Vapor harmful. See A1.5.).7.11.2 Fluid BShall be a narrow-cut isopara
33、ffinic solvent(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful. See A1.5.).9,157.11.3 The reference fluid shall be stored in epoxy linedcontainers or borosilicate glass bottles. Borosilicate glassbottles shall be stored in a dark area with aluminum foil linedinsert caps.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Cleaning of Ap
34、paratus and Test Components:8.1.1 Test Rings, as Received:8.1.1.1 The test rings shall be partially stripped of anywax-like protective coatings by manually rubbing them withrags or paper towels saturated with isooctane.8.1.1.2 Place partially cleaned rings in a clean 500 mLbeaker. Transfer a suffici
35、ent volume ofa1to1mixture ofisooctane and isopropyl alcohol to the beaker such that the testrings are completely covered.)8.1.1.3 Place beaker in ultrasonic cleaner and turn on for 15min.8.1.1.4 Remove test rings and repeat ultrasonic cleaningcycle of 8.1.1.3 with a clean beaker and fresh solvents.8
36、.1.1.5 Handle all clean test rings with clean forceps ordisposable gloves. Remove test rings from beaker and rinsewith isooctane, dry, and rinse with acetone.NOTE 1Drying operations can be accomplished using a compressedair (7.4) jet at 140 to 210 kPa (20 to 30 psi) pressure.8.1.1.6 Dry and store in
37、 a desiccator.8.1.2 Test Balls, as Received.8.1.2.1 Place balls in 300 mL beaker. Transfer a sufficientvolume ofa1to1mixture of isooctane and isopropyl alcoholto the beaker such that the test balls are completely covered bythe cleaning solvent.NOTE 2Approximately a five-day supply can be processed a
38、t onetime.8.1.2.2 Place beaker in ultrasonic cleaner and turn on for15 min.8.1.2.3 Repeat the cleaning cycle of 8.1.2.2 with a cleanbeaker and fresh solvent.8.1.2.4 Remove and rinse with isooctane, dry, and rinse withacetone.8.1.2.5 Dry and store in a desiccator.8.1.3 Reservoir, Reservoir Cover, Bal
39、l Chuck, Ball LockRing, and Ring Mandrel Assembly Components:8.1.3.1 Rinse with isooctane.8.1.3.2 Clean in an ultrasonic cleaner witha1to1mixtureof isooctane and isopropyl alcohol for 5 min.8.1.3.3 Remove and rinse with isooctane, dry, and rinse withacetone.8.1.3.4 Dry and store in a desiccator.8.1.
40、4 Hardware:8.1.4.1 The hardware and utensils, that is, shaft, wrenches,and tweezers, that come in contact with the test fluid shall becleaned by washing thoroughly with isooctane and wiped witha wiper.8.1.4.2 Store parts in desiccator when not in use.8.1.5 After Test:8.1.5.1 Remove reservoir and cyl
41、inder.8.1.5.2 Disassemble components and clean in an ultrasoniccleaner usinga1to1mixture of isooctane and isopropyl13The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Reference Fluids A and B available in Kit form as part No. RF-930900 fromInterAv Inc., P.O. Box 792228
42、, San Antonio, TX 78279.14The sole source of supply of the additive known to the committee at this timeis DCI-4A, manufactured by E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, 1007 MarketStreet, Wilmington, DE 19898.15The sole source of supply of the solvent known to the committee at this timeis ISOPAR M, ma
43、nufactured by the Exxon Company, USA, P.O. Box 2180,Houston, TX 77001.FIG. 3 BOCLE Test RingD5001063alcohol for 5 min. Rinse with isooctane, dry, and rinse withacetone. Reassemble components.8.1.5.3 Dry and store in a desiccator.NOTE 3When testing the same fluid, it is permissible to clean thereserv
44、oir in-place. The reservoir is rinsed with isooctane. Wipe withdisposable wiper to remove residual fuel related deposits and test debris.The reservoir is rinsed again with isooctane. Dry and final rinse withacetone, dry.8.1.5.4 Care shall be taken to ensure that the fuel aerationtube is rinsed and d
45、ried during the cleaning procedure. Storeparts in desiccator when not in use.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Visually inspect test balls before each test. Discard ballsthat exhibit pits, corrosion, or surface abnormalities.9.2 Reference Fluids:9.2.1 Conduct three tests on each new batch of the
46、 referencefluids, in accordance with Section 10, using a cylinder previ-ously standardized by reference fluid testing.9.2.2 Repeat the three tests if the wear scar diameters differby more than 0.04 mm for Reference Fluid A or by more than0.08 mm for Reference Fluid B.9.2.3 Reject the Reference Batch
47、 concerned if the wear scardiameters for the repeat tests again differ by more than thevalues obtained in 9.2.1.9.2.4 Calculate the average wear scar for the three resultsthat are within the values of 9.2.2 for the appropriate ReferenceFluid.9.2.5 Compare the average results with the following Ref-e
48、rence Fluid values:Reference Fluid A 0.56 mm average WSDReference Fluid B 0.85 mm average WSD9.2.6 Reject the new Reference Fluid batch if the averageresults obtained at 9.2.4 differ by more than 0.04 mm forReference Fluid A or by more than 0.08 mm for ReferenceFluid B from the Reference Fluid value
49、s given in 9.2.5.9.3 Test Ring Calibration:9.3.1 Test each new ring with Reference Fluid A as perSection 10.9.3.2 The ring is acceptable if the wear scar diameter resultis within 0.04 mm WSD of the Reference Fluid A value shownin 9.2.5.9.3.3 Repeat the test if the wear scar diameter does not agreewithin 0.04 mm WSD of the Reference Fluid A value shown in9.2.5.9.3.4 Reject the ring if the two values obtained in 9.3.1 and9.3.3 differ by more than 0.04 mm WSD from each other or ifboth of the values differ by more than 0.04 mm WSD from theReference Fluid A value show
