1、Designation: D 5087 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forDetermining Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)Released from Solventborne Automotive Coatings andAvailable for Removal in a VOC Control Device(Abatement)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5087; the number immed
2、iately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This
3、 test method covers the determination of the amountof volatile organic compound (VOC) released from appliedsolventborne automotive coatings that is available for deliveryto a VOC control device. This is accomplished by measuringthe weight loss of a freshly coated test panel subjected tosolvent evapo
4、ration or baking in a laboratory simulation of theproduction process.1.2 This test method is applicable to the VOC released fromflashoff and baking operations after the paint has been applied.1.3 This test method is applicable to solventborne automo-tive coating materials and is intended to represen
5、t or simulatethe production process. The same general principles apply towaterborne coatings that contain volatile organic compounds(VOC), although specific procedural details are not presentedherein to differentiate between VOC and water.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
6、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 499 Test Method for Measurement
7、 of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsD 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferr
8、ous Base3D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsE 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens2.2 EPA Standard:EPA Federal Reference
9、Method 24 Determination of Vola-tile Matter Content, Water Content, Density, VolumeSolids, and Weight Solids, of Surface Coatings, 40 CFR,Part 60, Appendix A4EPA 450/3-88-018, PB89152276 Protocol for Determiningthe Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate ofAutomobile and Light Duty Truck Topco
10、at Operations53. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method simulates the loss of VOC from afreshly coated surface by using the difference in weight of acoated test panel before and after baking. Metal test panels aresubjected to a simulation of the production coating processincluding application, f
11、lashing, and baking. The weight lossvalue obtained is then related to the volume of solids depositedon the test panel to compute the number of pounds of VOC pergallon (grams per litre) of solids applied that is available at theinlet of the VOC control device.3.2 The information needed to determine t
12、he amount ofVOC available for removal by the VOC control device isdetermined by identification of the points in the production1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D0
13、1.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5087 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
14、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.ac
15、cess.gpo.gov.5Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http:/www.ntis.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.process at which coated objects would enter fla
16、shoff/bakingzones whose effluents are vented to the VOC control device.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides basic engineering data thatmay be used to determine the amount of VOC available fordelivery at the inlet of a VOC control device (particularly forthe automobile industry).6Typi
17、cally, the procedure is useful forestablishing the quantity of VOC that is evolved from thecoating in the baking oven and available to be incinerated,although the same procedure can be followed for other formsof VOC abatement (that is, carbon, adsorption, etc.).4.2 This test method may be adaptable
18、for use directly in aproduction environment if all the critical factors (for example,temperature, cleanliness, vibration, accessibility, etc.) can beadequately controlled.4.3 The total amount of VOC removed from the process bythe VOC control device is a function of the amount available asgiven by th
19、is test method combined with the VOC removalefficiency of the control device.5. Apparatus5.1 Aluminum or Thin Steel Panels, with a minimum area of20 in.2(129 cm2) for each paint material evaluated.5.2 Laboratory Balance, with accuracy to 0.001 g.5.3 Laboratory Spray Booth, with airflow representativ
20、e ofproduction conditions for application of the test coating.5.4 Spray Application Equipment, selected to represent thatused in the production process or sufficiently similar so that itwill produce comparable results.5.5 Film Thickness Gage, for measuring paint thickness onmetallic surfaces (see Te
21、st Methods B 499, D 1005, D 1186,orD 1400).5.6 Laboratory Forced-Draft Bake Ovens, Type IIA or TypeIIB as specified in Specification E 145.6. Coating Materials6.1 Make sure that the coating materials are in the “ asapplied” condition and are representative of the specificformulation used in the coat
22、ing process to be evaluated.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the following processing conditions, whichrepresent the production process, prior to beginning the test:(1) film thicknesses; (2) flash times; (3) airflow; and (4)temperature conditions for each significant step of the appli-cation, flashing, and
23、 baking sequence. Use this information toestablish test parameters that represent the range of conditionfound in the plant. Specific application parameters such as fluidflow rate, atomizing air pressure, and voltage do not need toexactly duplicate production conditions as long as the abovefactors ar
24、e controlled.7.2 Identify all locations in the process sequence in whichoven effluent is vented directly to a control device for VOCdestruction. The number of locations will affect the number ofpanel weight measurements taken and the number of panelsthat need to be tested.7.3 Follow this procedure f
25、or paint materials and applica-tion conditions selected to adequately represent the coatingprocess being evaluated.7.4 For each coating material and testing condition, preparerepresentative test panels in triplicate to obtain statisticalvalidity.8. Recording Weight Measurements8.1 Dry the test panel
26、 to a constant weight to removeresidual moisture, etc.8.2 Weigh the dried panel, W, before the coating is applied.8.3 Apply the coating to the panel according to the processsequence description, including that for the flashoff conditions.8.4 Weigh the coated panel just prior to the location in thecy
27、cle at which exhaust air is first vented to the VOC controldevice (W1). Weigh as quickly as possible to avoid furtherVOC evaporation.8.5 Weigh the coated panel after it is taken from the locationin the cycle at which exhaust air is no longer vented to theVOC control device (W2).NOTE 1The panel shoul
28、d be cooled to room temperature beforeweighing.8.6 If W2does not represent a fully baked coating, then aduplicate coated panel should remain in the oven to completethe full bake cycle. Cool and weigh this panel, record as W3.This weight (W3) is used to determine the gallons solidsapplied (GSA) in 11
29、.1.9. Measurement of Film Thickness9.1 Dry film thickness should be determined using TestMethods D 1005, D 1186,orD 1400. Measurements should berecorded as an average of three readings for each panel tested.9.2 If desired, separate panels for the measurement of filmthickness of the coating materials
30、 may be coated and bakedalong with the test panels.10. Determination of Dry Solids Density10.1 Calculate dry solids density as shown in 10.210.2.Information needed to perform this calculation includes theweight fraction nonvolatile, volume fraction nonvolatile, anddensity of the coating materials as
31、 applied. Determine thesevalues using the procedures specified in EPA Federal Refer-ence Method 24 and Test Method D 2369. The 1-h bake at110C must be used in the determination of the weight fractionnonvolatile.10.2 Calculate dry solids (nonvolatile) density using thefollowing equation:DS5WS3 WCVS(1
32、)where:DS= solids density, lbs solids/gal solids (g solids/Lsolids),6United States Environmental Protection Agency Protocol for Determining theDaily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light DutyTruck Topcoat Operations, Ref EPA 450/3-88-018 dated December 1988. Thisprotocol pr
33、ovides for VOC emissions reduction credit for abatement processes.D 5087 02 (2008)2WS= weight fraction solids, lbs solids/lb coating (gsolids/g coating) in accordance with Fed. Ref.Method 24,WC= weight per gallon of coating, lbs/gal (g/L) in accor-dance with Fed. Ref. Method 24, andVS= volume fracti
34、on solids, gal solids/gal coating (Lsolids/L coating) calculated from the formulation inaccordance with Fed. Ref. Method 24.10.3 If two layers of coating (for example, base coat andclearcoat) are applied to the same panel, determine theweighted average coating solids density, DCS, by the ratio offil
35、m thickness as follows:DCS5ST1T11 T23 DbD1ST2T11 T23 DcD(2)where:T1= basecoat film thickness, mils (m)T2= clearcoat film thickness, mils (m)Db= basecoat solids density, lb/gal (g/L), andDc= clearcoat solids density, lb/gal (g/L).11. Calculation11.1 Use the following calculations to determine the amo
36、untof VOC available to a VOC control device CL, expressed inpounds (grams) VOC per gallon (litre) solids applied:11.1.1 The weight of coating solids deposited, Ws, is equalto the coated panel weight after full bake minus the panelweight before coating application as follows:WS5 W32 W (3)orWS5 W22 W
37、if W2represents a fully cured paint film!where:WS= weight of coating solids deposited, lb (g),W2= weight of panel at point which exhaust air is nolonger vented to VOC control device,W3= weight of panel with fully baked paint film, andW = weight of initial unpainted test panel.11.1.2 Determine the we
38、ight of VOC available for abate-ment control (WA) by taking the difference in the weight of thepanel representing the point in the process at which the exhaustair is vented to the control device (W1) and the weight of thepanel at the point where the exhaust air is no longer vented tothe VOC control
39、device (W2) as follows:WA5 W12 W2(4)where:WA= weight of VOC available for control, lb (g),W1= weight of panel at point at which exhaust air is firstvented to VOC control device, andW2= weight of panel at point at which exhaust air is nolonger vented to VOC control device.11.1.3 Calculate the pounds
40、VOC available for control pergallon of coating solids applied, CL, by combining the weightof VOC available (WA), weight of coating solids applied (WS)and the coating solids density (DCS) as follows:CL5SWAWSD3 DCS(5)where:CL= VOC loading lb/gal (g/L),WA= VOC available for removal, lb,WS= coating soli
41、ds applied, lb, andDCS= coating solids density, lb/gal (g/L).NOTE 2Coating materials must be the specific formulations (inas-applied condition) used in the process for which the VOC loading forthe VOC control device, is to be determined.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionIt is not practicable to ob
42、tain the data tospecify the precision of the procedure in Test Method D 5087for measuring the amount of VOC. The test method is verycostly to perform. There are an insufficient number of labsavailable to participate in a round robin to obtain the databecause of the excessive cost and time required t
43、o perform themethod. The precision statements associated with D 2369,D 1400, D 1186, and D 1005 are applicable to the portions ofthe method where they are used.12.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference proceduresuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this testmethod, no statement
44、on bias is being made.13. Keywords13.1 automotive coatings; solvent release; VOC abatementASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
45、of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn
46、. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your com
47、ments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5087 02 (2008)3
