1、Designation: D5228 92 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Butane Working Capacity of ActivatedCarbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5228; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the butaneworking capacity (BWC) of new granular activated car
3、bon.The BWC is defined as the difference between the butaneadsorbed at saturation and the butane retained per unit volumeof carbon after a specified purge. The test method alsoproduces a butane activity value that is defined as the totalamount of butane adsorbed on the carbon sample and isexpressed
4、as a mass of butane per unit weight or volume ofcarbon.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
5、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see 7.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD2854
6、Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonD2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonD3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interl
7、aboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions For definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D2652.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An activated carbon bed of known volume and mass issaturated with butane vapor. The mass adsorbed at satur
8、ation isnoted. The carbon bed is then purged under prescribed condi-tions with dry hydrocarbon free air. The loss of mass is theBWC and is expressed as mass of butane per unit volume ofcarbon.5. Significance and Use5.1 The BWC, as determined by this test method, is ameasure of the ability of an acti
9、vated carbon to adsorb anddesorb butane from dry air under specified conditions. It isuseful for quality control and evaluation of granular activatedcarbons that are used in applications where the adsorption ofbutane and desorption with dry air are of interest. The BWCcan also provide a relative mea
10、sure of the effectiveness of thetested activated carbons on other adsorbates.5.2 The butane activity and retentivity can also be deter-mined under the conditions of the test. The butane activity is anindication of the micropore volume of the activated carbonsample. The butane retentivity is an indic
11、ation of the porestructure of the activated carbon sample.6. Apparatus6.1 Water Bath, capable of maintaining a temperature of 256 0.2C and of sufficient depth so the entire carbon bed in thesample tube is immersed in the water.A 6-mm OD copper tubewith an immersed length of 1.9 m (Fig. 1) provides a
12、dequateheat transfer for gas temperature control.6.2 Sample Tube, as shown in Fig. 2. The glass plate withholes is preferred to a fritted disk to support the carbon, sincefritted disks can vary widely in pressure drop.6.3 Flow Meters, one capable of delivering air at 0 to 500mL/min, and one capable
13、of delivering butane at 0 to 500mL/min, both calibrated in accordance with Practice D3195.6.4 Balance, capable of weighing to within 60.01 g.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on GasPhase Evalua
14、tion Tests.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5228 92 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D5228-92R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast
15、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.5 Fill DeviceThe vibration feed device used in TestMethod D2
16、854, Figs. 1 through 4, is preferred.6.6 Buret, Class A, 25 mL capacity.6.7 Apparatus Assembly shown in Fig. 1.7. Reagents7.1 n-Butane, C. P. Grade. (WarningButane is a flam-mable gas with a flash point of 138C and a boiling point of0.5C. Its specific gravity is 2.046 relative to air. Butane maybe n
17、arcotic in high concentrations and is considered a simpleasphyxiant. If the entire apparatus is not set up in a fume hood,provision must be made to vent the gas coming from thedischarge stem of the sample tube.)7.2 Dry Air, free of organics, with a dew point no higherthan 32C.8. Sampling8.1 For guid
18、ance in sampling granular activated carbon,refer to Practice E300.9. Calibration of a Sample Tube9.1 Clean and dry the sample tube to prevent any waterdroplets from adhering to the inner surface of the tube.9.2 Using distilled water, carefully fill the sample tubethrough the narrow side stem to prev
19、ent the introduction of anyair bubbles.9.2.1 Hold the sample tube upright while slowly introducingthe distilled water.Air bubbles have a tendency to form directlybelow the retainer plate of the tube.9.3 Clamp the filled sample tube in an upright position to aring stand and stopper the narrow side st
20、em.9.4 Using a pipet, carefully remove the water from thesample tube to the top of the retainer plate. Caution must betaken so no water is removed from below the retainer platecreating air bubbles that would result in a spurious calibrationof the sample tube. If this occurs, the tube must be refille
21、d byrepeating 9.1 through 9.3.9.5 Using the buret, fill the sample tube with 16.7 6 0.05mL of water, then etch the tube at the level of the meniscus.10. Maintenance of Bath Water10.1 In order to prevent mold formation, the bath watershould be changed periodically.11. Procedure11.1 Dry an adequate sa
22、mple as prescribed in Test MethodsD2867, Section 4.11.2 Determine the apparent density in accordance withTestMethod D2854 and record.11.3 Accurately weigh the empty, dry sample tube andstoppers to the nearest 0.01 g and record.11.4 Fill the adsorption tube with carbon to the etch mark ata rate of 0.
23、35 to 1.0 mL/s using the vibrating feeder apparatusdescribed in Test Method D2854 with a funnel modified toaccommodate the adsorption tube. Larger particles will requirethe slower fill rate to achieve the required packing density.11.5 Weigh the filled sample tube and stoppers to the nearest0.01 g an
24、d record.FIG. 1 Butane Working Capacity Apparatus Schematic1 Ground glass stopper, hollow, medium length, 14/20, from Kontes CatalogNo. K-89100 Schwartz adsorption tube, or equivalent.2 5-mm rod, brace.3 17-mm O.D. 1.2 mm standard wall tubing.4 Coors perforated porcelain disk or extra coarse fritted
25、 disk, or equivalent.5 10-mm O.D. 1.0 mm standard wall tubing.6 Right angle stopcock, Kontes Catalog No. K-84700, size 4, 10 mm O.D.stem, with Kontes Catalog No. K-89340 size B serrated hose connector, orequivalent.7 Dimension corresponding to a volume of 16.7 mL above the retainer plate.FIG. 2 Buta
26、ne Working Capacity Sample TubeD5228 92 (2015)211.5.1 The sample packing density, carbon weight/16.7,must be equal to at least 94 % of its dry apparent density if theresult of the determination is to be reproducible. Otherwise, theratio of purge air volume to sample volume will vary, and thequantity
27、 of butane purged will also vary from one determina-tion to the next. If the specified packing density is not achievedin the first attempt, the filling procedure must be repeated untilthe tube is packed to the required density. If after severalattempts the desired packing density cannot be achieved,
28、 thepercentage should be noted and the procedure continued.11.6 Set the water bath control to maintain a temperature of25 6 0.2C.11.7 Clamp the sample tube in a vertical position in the 256 0.2C water bath and attach the tube to the output of the flowmeter. If the entire apparatus is not in a hood,
29、attach a shortlength of tubing from the effluent side of the sample tube to anexhaust vent.11.8 Regulate the flow to pass butane through the carbonbed at 250 6 5 mL/min. Continue the flow of butane for atleast 900 s.11.9 Turn off the butane, disconnect the tubing, and imme-diately stopper the sample
30、 tube. Remove the sample tube fromthe water bath, dry the sample tube, and visually inspect thetube for any condensed water vapor. If any condensed water isobserved, stop the testing and begin the test procedure again.11.10 Weigh the filled sample tube and its stoppers to thenearest 0.01 g and recor
31、d.11.11 Reconnect the sample tube to the apparatus and flowbutane for an additional 600 s and weigh and record. Repeat toconstant weight.11.12 Reconnect the saturated carbon and sample tube andpurge with dry organic free air for 2400 6 20sat3006 5mL/min.11.13 Turn off the purge flow, disconnect tubi
32、ng, installstoppers, remove the sample tube from the water bath, and dry.11.14 Weigh to the nearest 0.01 g and record.12. Calculation12.1 The calculations described in this section are basedupon the following determinations made during the course ofthe procedure:A = Apparent density from 11.2,B = We
33、ight of sample tube and stoppers,C = Weight of carbon sample, sample tube, and stoppers,D = Weight of saturated carbon, sample tube, and stoppers,andE = Weight of purged carbon, sample tube, and stoppers.NOTE 1Asample data and calculations sheet for BWC determinationsis given in Annex A1.12.2 Calcul
34、ate the BWC on weight and volume bases asfollows:BWC, W/W % 5D 2 E!C 2 B!3100 (1)BWC, W/V g/100 mL 5D 2 E!C 2 B!3 A 3100 (2)12.3 Calculate the butane activity on weight and volumebases as follows:Butane activity, W/W % 5D 2 C!C 2 B!3100 (3)Butane activity, W/V g/100 mL 5D 2 C!C 2 B!3 A 3100 (4)12.4
35、Calculate the butane retentivity on weight and volumebases as follows:Butane retentivity, W/W % 5E 2 C!C 2 B!3100 (5)Butane retentivity, W/V g/100 mL 5E 2 C!C 2 B!3 A 3100 (6)13. Report13.1 The analysis report shall include the following infor-mation:13.1.1 Name of activated carbon supplier,13.1.2 G
36、rade designation of the sample,13.1.3 Nominal partial size range,13.1.4 Butane working capacity,13.1.5 Butane activity,13.1.6 Butane retentivity,13.1.7 Name of the agency and technician running the test,13.1.8 Identification number and date of the test, and13.1.9 Lot number from which the sample was
37、 taken.14. Precision and Bias14.1 An interlaboratory study of this test method wasconducted in 1990.3Each of eight laboratories tested threerandomly drawn test specimens from each of three differentactivated carbons. Practice E691 and its computer softwarewere followed for the design of the study an
38、d the data analysis.14.2 95 % Limit on Repeatability (within Laboratory) inPercent:Activated CarbonABCActivity %, weight/weight 1.95 2.34 .97Retentivity %, weight/weight 2.52 1.80 1.77Working capacity %, weight/weight 2.05 3.14 2.19Activity g/100 mL, weight/vol 0.68 0.70 0.40Retentivity g/100 mL, we
39、ight/vol 0.72 0.52 0.95Working capacity g/100 mL, weight/vol0.51 0.92 1.0414.3 95 % Limit on Reproducibility (between Laboratories)in Percent:3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D28-1003. ContactASTM CustomerService
40、at serviceastm.org.D5228 92 (2015)3Activated CarbonABCActivity %, weight/weight 3.57 3.15 1.05Retentivity %, weight/weight 3.75 3.79 3.79Working capacity %, weight/weight 5.06 4.70 3.83Activity g/100 mL, weight/vol 0.91 1.08 0.57Retentivity g/100 mL, weight/vol 1.05 1.22 1.84Working charge g/100 mL,
41、 weight/vol1.41 1.51 2.0614.4 Apparent Densitys 95 % Repeatability and Reproduc-ibility Limits:Activated CarbonABCRepeatability g/100 mL 0.012 0.004 0.008Reproducibility g/100 mL 0.019 0.021 0.025NOTE 2The terms repeatability and reproducibility limit are used asspecified in Practice E177.ANNEX(Mand
42、atory Information)A1. DATA AND CALCULATIONS SHEET FOR BWC DETERMINATIONSA1.1 See Fig. A1.1:ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
43、 of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdraw
44、n. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your co
45、mments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single o
46、r multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ A1.1 Data and Calculations Sheet for BWC DeterminationsD5228 92 (2015)4
