1、Designation: D5238 10Standard Test Method forSmoldering Combustion Potential of Cotton-Based Batting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of smolderingcombustion potential within cotton-based batting intended foruse in mattre
3、sses and upholstered furniture. This test method isdesigned to evaluate batting containing at least 75 % cotton byweight, and it is intended to be used primarily as a qualitycontrol tool.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat an
4、d flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be
5、employed inconducting these tests.1.4 Inadequate consideration of a subsystem, such as cottonbatting, to resist smoldering is frequently the reason thatfinished mattress or upholstered furniture systems fail fire andsmolder resistance tests. This test method may be used toevaluate this smolder resis
6、tance in the subsystem of cottonbatting used in such products. The purpose of this test methodis to aid end users in better determining the potential of cottonbatting components to resist smoldering. It is recommendedthat those using this test method be familiar with cotton battingproduction and the
7、 use of cotton batting in mattresses andupholstered furniture.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t
8、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Text
9、ilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 Government Standard:Title 16 CFR Part 1632, Standard for the Flammability ofMattresses and Mattress Pads (FF 4-72 Amended)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsF
10、or definitions of terms relating to burn-ing behavior, refer to Terminology D4391. For definitions ofother textile terms, refer to Terminology D123.3.2 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 batting, na textile filling material consisting of acontinuous web of fibers formed by carding,
11、garnetting, airlayering, or other means.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn the bedding, furniture, and futonindustries, batting is made from a blend of fibers consistingprimarily of cotton.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A controlled heat source is positioned between twoidentical specimens of cotton batting. The hea
12、t source and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5238 9
13、8(2003).DOI: 10.1520/D5238-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Federal Register, Vol 49, No.
14、197, Wednesday, October 10, 1984.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specimens remain undisturbed until the specimens either areconsumed or are no longer undergoing smoldering combustion.The resulting outward char distanc
15、e from the initial heat sourceis determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluating thesmoldering combustion potential of cotton-based batting foruse in mattresses and upholstered furniture. The degree ofcorrelation between the results of this test of a componentm
16、aterial and actual end-use products has not been determinedfully.5.2 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-use conditions arechanged, this test method cannot predict changes in
17、the fire testresponse characteristics measured. The results are thereforevalid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in thisprocedure.5.3 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in thereported test results using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments,
18、 the purchaser and the sup-plier are advised to conduct comparative tests to determinewhether a statistical bias exists between their laboratories.Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the inves-tigation of bias. An acceptable probability level is chosen bythe two parties before testin
19、g begins. As a minimum, a groupof test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and thatare from a lot of material of the type in question are taken. Thetest specimens are then randomly assigned in equal numbers toeach laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories are com
20、pared using Students t-test for unpaireddata. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined andcorrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpretfuture test results in light of the known bias.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Balance, 200-g capacity open pan, with 0.1-g sensitiv-
21、ity.6.2 Draft Barrier, as shown in Fig. 1.6.3 Test Room, draft-protected and equipped with a suitablesystem for exhausting combustion emissions produced duringtesting.6.4 Heat SourceUnfiltered cigarettes, each measuring85 6 2 mm (3.4 6 0.1 in.) in length and weighing 1.1 6 0.1 g.6.4.1 DiscussionThe
22、ignition propensity has not beenspecified, as there is no standard method for measurement.Unfiltered Pall Mall cigarettes have been used by the federalgovernment, testing laboratories and others for a number ofyears as the typical heat source for smoldering combustion.However, in 2007, cigarette com
23、panies, due to changes in firesafety laws, began to switch to “fire-safe” designs with lowerignition propensities. According to research at the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST), current “fire-safe” cigarettes do not provide the same ignition propensity asthe original Pall Mall, w
24、hich is still required by governmentregulation.4An equivalent standard reference material is beingdeveloped by NIST.6.5 RulerStandard 152-mm (6-in.) ruler.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as specified in theapplicable material specification, or as agreed upon by the twoparties interested i
25、n the test results. In the absence of anyspecification or agreement, take a lot sample as directed inRecommended Practice D2258.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take at random the number of packages fromeach primary sampling unit in the lot sample directed in anap
26、plicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to useRecommended Practice D2258. Sample packages cannot berewound or transferred to another package.8. Preparation of Specimens8.1 Prepare two adjacent 18 3 18 6 1-cm (7 3 7 614-in.)specim
27、ens of cotton-based batting and one cigarette in tripli-cate for each test.8.2 Weigh and record the initial weights of each specimen.Each cotton-based specimen must weigh not less than 54 6 0.2g (1.9 oz 6 0.007 oz) and not more than 57 g 6 0.2g(2oz60.007 oz).4Gann, R. G., and Hnetkovsky, E. J., “Mod
28、ification of ASTM E2187 forMeasuring the Ignition Propensity of Conventional Cigarettes,” NIST TechnicalNote 1627, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, June2009.FIG. 1 Draft BarrierD5238 1029. Conditioning9.1 If the as-received sample has a moisture content above10 %, follow
29、 the preconditioning and conditioning proceduresas specified in Practice D1776 prior to testing.9.2 It has been found that a moisture content of 10 % or lessin the sample does not materially affect the results of this testmethod, and therefore no preconditioning or conditioning isrequired.10. Proced
30、ure10.1 On a wooden sheet having dimensions of 20 3 20 31.3 cm (8 3 8 3 0.5 in.), position one specimen as shown inFig. 2.10.2 Test Start-Up:10.2.1 Within 5 min (61 min) of the initial weighing, lightone cigarette, centering it on the surface of the positionedspecimen, and record the time.10.2.2 As
31、soon as possible, cover the specimen and heatsource with the second specimen. Make sure that both speci-mens are evenly aligned vertically.10.2.3 Center the draft barrier, with open top and bottom,directly around the aligned test specimens.10.2.4 Smoldering combustion is allowed to continue untilthe
32、 cigarette is burned completely. Do not disturb the speci-mens until combustion is completed.10.2.5 DiscussionSmoke from the cigarette is generallynot a visible indicator of when combustion has ceased. As aguideline, the test is generally complete within 30 min, but it iscritical to not disturb the
33、specimen as long as combustion isoccurring. Waiting longer does not impact the char length oncethe cigarette has ceased burning, so longer waiting times arenot an issue.10.2.5.1 If the test specimens become engulfed in openflames, extinguish the burning specimens and record the resultsof the test as
34、 a failure.10.2.6 Carefully remove the top specimen, exposing thecharred area.10.2.7 With a ruler, measure and identify the greatest chardistance from the edge of the cigarette ash outward along theupper surface of the lower specimen and the lower surface ofthe top specimen. Outward measurements are
35、 taken no fartherthan the point at which black char ends and brown discolora-tion begins. Record this char distance to the nearest 1 mm or116 in.11. Report11.1 Achar length measurement of any specimen exceeding25 6 1mm(16 0.06 in.) is identified as a failure.11.2 If two or more of the three tests re
36、sult in failure, theproduct is identified as failing the criterion for smolderingcombustion.11.3 If only one specimen fails, a referee test is allowed, inwhich the entire test is run again in triplicate, whereby all threespecimens must pass in order for the product to be identified aspassing the cri
37、terion for smoldering combustion.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory test wasrun in 1987 and 1988 in which replicate samples from threecotton-based batting manufacturers were sent to seven labora-tories. Each laboratory used one operator who tested threespecimens o
38、f each cotton-based sample.12.1.1 Within-Laboratory PrecisionThe within-laboratory precision, at the 95 % probability level, of theaverage of three replicates is expected to be within 64.6 % ofthe average char length.12.1.2 Between-Laboratory PrecisionThe precision, atthe 95 % probability level, of
39、the difference between sevenlaboratories, each making three measurements, is expected tobe within 68.3 % of the average char length.12.2 BiasThe bias of this method for testing smolderingcombustion of cotton-based batting is dependent upon theweighing of the specimen and the precision of the measure
40、-ment of the char length upon completion of the test. Withinthese limitations, the procedure in Test Method D5238 fordetermining the smoldering combustion potential of cotton-based batting has no known bias.13. Keywords13.1 batting; char; cotton; fire; mattresses; smoldering com-bustion; test method
41、; upholstering furniture.FIG. 2 Positioned SpecimenD5238 103APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This commentary has been prepared to provide theuser of this test method with background information on itsdevelopment and use.X1.2 Over the past 20 years, several test methods have beend
42、eveloped that address the fire and smoldering combustionpotential of end-use products such as mattresses and uphol-stered furniture. Products that have not been found to be incompliance with the pass/fail criteria of these test methods mayhave serious legal ramifications to the producers of mattress
43、esand upholstered furniture. This is particularly true for mat-tresses that must comply with Federal Regulation 16 CFR1632. The ability to perform favorably with respect to fire andsmoldering combustion is primarily dependent on the integrityof the component materials within these end-use products.
44、Aneed was defined by end users and cotton batting manufactur-ers to better qualify the integrity of the component fillingmaterial prior to the assembly of end-use products. Thisvoluntary test method was intended to aid in minimizing thepossibility of fire and smoldering combustion failures inmattres
45、ses and upholstered furniture products. The test methodadditionally provides a suitable means for end users to qualifythe fire and smolder potential of components prior to theassembly of their products.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conn
46、ection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respons
47、ible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful c
48、onsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 10
49、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5238 104
