1、Designation: D5295/D5295M 18Standard Guide forPreparation of Concrete Surfaces for Adhered (Bonded)Membrane Waterproofing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5295/D5295M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the prepara-tion of concrete surfaces prior to the ap
3、plication of adhered(bonded) waterproofing.1.2 This guide is directed primarily toward installations ofnew concrete, but is also applicable for existing concreteinstallations. (See also ACI 116 and ACI 546.)1.3 This guide does not apply to loose laid systems, ben-tonite systems, lead, or the like.1.
4、4 This guide does not apply to applications involvinginsulating concrete.1.5 This guide does not apply to applications involvinglightweight structural concrete.NOTE 1Once installed, it is difficult to visually identify the differencebetween normal weight and lightweight concrete. It is recommended t
5、hata review of contract documents, concrete batch or delivery tickets orsimilar effort be performed to identify the concrete type.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; there
6、fore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standar
7、d to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on P
8、rinciples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD4258 Practice for Surface Cleaning
9、 Concrete for CoatingD4262 Test Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned or EtchedConcrete SurfacesD4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete bythe Plastic Sheet MethodF2659 Guide for Preliminary Evaluation of ComparativeMoisture Condition of Concrete, Gypsum Cement andOther Floor Slabs and Sc
10、reeds Using a Non-DestructiveElectronic Moisture Meter2.2 ACI Standards:3ACI 116 Cement and Concrete TerminologyACI 301 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Build-ingsACI 311 Guide to Inspection of ConcreteACI 515 A Guide to the Use of Waterproofing,Dampproofing, Protective and Decorative Barr
11、ier Systemsfor ConcreteACI 546 Repair of Concrete2.3 ICRI Standard:4ICRI Technical Guideline No. 310.2R (2013) Concrete Sur-face Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Over-lays3. Significance and Use3.1 The success of a waterproofing application depends on,among other things, the type, smoo
12、thness, and cleanliness ofthe concrete surface being coated. This guide describes condi-tioning or repairing of the concrete surface by the removal orother constructive modification of those surface defects thatcan affect the performance of the waterproofing system. Itcovers surface preparation by m
13、echanical, chemical, and blast1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.22 on Water-proofing and Dampproofing Systems.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in
14、 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5295/D5295M 14.DOI: 10.1520/D5295_D5295M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
15、 Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.4Available from International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI), 10600 WestHiggins Rd., Suite 607, Rosemont, IL 60018, www.icri.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
16、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendatio
17、ns issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1cleaning methods in order to provide good adhesion betweenthe waterproofing system and the concrete as well as the effectand control of various surface contaminants. It also addressesthe evaluation of concrete moi
18、sture content to ensure optimalinitial bond. (See also ACI 515.)3.2 This guide is not intended to offer guidelines for theselection of a suitable waterproofing system; the use of specificapplication techniques; or the design and installation offlashing, terminations, expansion joint details, etc. (F
19、or defini-tions of terms, see Terminology D1079.)3.3 This guide is not intended to offer guidelines for thecontrol of water vapor drive through the concrete which couldaffect long term performance of the bond between the concreteand waterproofing.3.4 The recommended procedures described herein aremi
20、nimums; the waterproofing materials manufacturer mayrequire more strict or specific procedures for the preparation ofconcrete surfaces for the application of the manufacturersspecific system.4. Adhesion Inhibitors4.1 GeneralAmong the items that inhibit the initial adhe-sion of membrane waterproofing
21、 systems are form releaseagents, concrete curing compounds, admixtures, laitance, con-crete surfacing compounds, grease or oils, moisture, and forsome membrane types, surface roughness of the concrete.4.2 Form release agents, such as oil, grease, wax, andsilicones, will transfer from the forms to th
22、e surface of theconcrete during casting. These can cause poor adhesion ofwaterproofing systems. Since these agents are almost invisible,it is difficult to detect their presence. Any procedure for theremoval of such materials will be specific to that material.Proprietary form coating materials should
23、 be accepted prior touse and after evaluation by the specifier to determine that theyare appropriate for use with the proposed waterproofingmaterials and systems. Proprietary paint systems applied to theforms that are non-transferable and formulated to preventcontamination of the concrete surface sh
24、ould be used wheneverpossible.4.3 Concrete curing compounds may contain waxes, resins,chlorinated rubber, or film formers of various types. If suchmaterials must be used, the specifier should be certain that thematerials can be completely removed or that the waterproofingsystem manufacturer has eval
25、uated them for use with themanufacturers system to determine that they are acceptable forsuch use. These materials should be accepted prior to use andafter evaluation by the specifier to determine that they areappropriate for use with the proposed waterproofing materialsand system.4.4 Admixtures suc
26、h as water-immiscible chemical curingagents are sometimes used in concrete. These should beavoided unless the specifier has determined that they areacceptable for use with the intended primer or waterproofingmaterials, or both. These materials should be accepted prior touse and after evaluation by t
27、he specifier to determine that theyare appropriate for use with the proposed waterproofingmaterials and system.4.5 Concrete surfacing compounds typically applied on castconcrete decks to aid in mechanical surfacing of initiallyplaced concrete, can inhibit and impair primer or waterproofingmembrane a
28、dhesion, or both. These compounds should beavoided unless the specifier has determined that they areacceptable for use with the intended waterproofing materials.These materials should be accepted prior to use and afterevaluation by the specifier to determine that they are appropri-ate for use with t
29、he proposed waterproofing materials andsystem.4.6 Laitance, dust and dirt, moisture, and grease and oil caninhibit or impair adhesion of the waterproofing system. Thesemust be removed; controlled in a manner acceptable to thewaterproofing materials manufacturer; or found by themanufacturer, specifie
30、r, or representative(s) of the owner to benon-detrimental to the adhesion and performance of the water-proofing system to be employed.4.7 Moisture contained within the matrix of the concrete aswell as surface moisture present from curing or precipitationevents can impair adhesion of the waterproofin
31、g system.Where possible, the concrete surface to receive waterproofingshould be protected from precipitation for a minimum of 48 hprior to application of the waterproofing. The moisture contentof the surface of the concrete should be evaluated and recordedin accordance with waterproofing manufacture
32、s recommenda-tions prior to membrane application. Encapsulated moisturewithin the concrete matrix will continue to dissipate forextended periods of time following initial curing based onvarious factors.4.8 For waterproofing membranes that gain adhesion prop-erties through mechanical bond to the face
33、 of the concrete, theamplitude, or final concrete surface finish should be evaluatedby the specifier or representative(s) of the owner in accordancewith the manufacturers recommendations and instructions. Aminimum surface texture equal to CSP 4 to 6 as determined inthe ICRI Technical Guideline No. 3
34、10.2 (formerly No. 03732)document is recommended. Surface texture equal to CSP 2 to4 is recommended for cold-applied, liquid waterproofing mem-branes.5. Repair of Surface Defects5.1 GeneralSurface defects that may impair adhesioninclude honeycomb, fins, “snots,” tie holes, “bug holes,” sharpoffsets
35、from displaced forms, rutted cracks, ragged corners,deviations in the surface plane, and other similar concretedefects, along with spalling and delaminations of the concretesurface. (See also, Concrete Manual.5)5.2 Fins, protrusions, or similar irregularities should be cutback to the surface by chip
36、ping, grinding, bushhammering,needlegunning, or wirebrushing. Avoid polishing of the con-crete surface by these techniques.5.3 Sharp offsets in the surface, such as those caused byformwork misalignment, should be cut back to an even surface5Available from U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO, Conc
37、rete Manual,8th Edition, 1975, pp. 393429.D5295/D5295M 182by chipping, grinding, bushhammering, needlegunning,wirebrushing, or transitioning with grout or patching mortar.This could also be performed in accordance with the applicableprovisions of ACI 301 and 311. Avoid polishing the concretesurface
38、by any of these techniques.5.4 Sharp offsets between precast sections should be cor-rected as indicated in 5.5.5.5 Defective concrete areas should be removed down tosound concrete, preferably by chipping; if grinding isnecessary, care must be taken to avoid “polishing” the surfaces.If sizable areas
39、or amounts of unsound concrete are found, astructural engineer shall specify appropriate corrective action.Cracks exceeding 2 mm 116 in. should be investigated todetermine whether they are still active. Such cracks should bechipped or routed out before being patched, and edges shouldbe undercut slig
40、htly, in accordance with the suggestions andrecommendations of applicable portions of ACI 301 and 311,or as recommended by the manufacturer of the patchingmaterial. No feathered edges shall be permitted. Tie holes and“bug holes” larger than 16 mm 58 in. in diameter or deeperthan3mm18 in., or both, s
41、hould be prepared similarly forpatching.5.5.1 The areas to be patched, along with a band at least 150mm 6 in. wide surrounding it, should be dampened before thepatching application to prevent rapid absorption of water fromthe bonding grout and the patching mortar, or this can beperformed in accordan
42、ce with the applicable provisions of ACI301 and 311.5.5.2 Immediately after the surface water has evaporatedfrom the dampening step, a bonding grout or bond coat,consisting of approximately one part of cement to one part offine sand passing No. 30 mesh sieve with an amount of watersufficient to obta
43、in a consistency of thick cream, should bebrushed thoroughly into the surface, or this can be performedin accordance with the applicable provisions of ACI 301 and311.5.5.3 The patching mortar should be made from the samematerials and in the same proportions as the concrete, with theexception of coar
44、se aggregate. (In any case, use no more thanone part cement to 2.5 parts sand.) Mix the patching mortarthoroughly with an amount of water sufficient only to obtainthe stiffest consistency that will permit placement. Apply themortar as soon as the bonding coat begins to loose the watersheen. Mortar s
45、hould be worked thoroughly into place andstruck off slightly higher than the surrounding area to allow forsome initial shrinkage. Such patches should set for at least 1hour before surface finishing and then be damp-cured for sevendays. Any tie holes or “bug holes” should be filled completelywith mor
46、tar. This can also be performed in accordance with theapplicable provisions of ACI 301 and 311.5.5.4 Proprietary materials may be used either in lieu of orin addition to the patching materials described in 5.5.3. Suchcompounds must be used in accordance with the manufactur-ers instructions. These pr
47、oprietary materials must be compat-ible with, and not interfere with, adhesion of the waterproofingsystem to be employed. Proprietary patching materials shouldbe accepted prior to use and after evaluation by the specifier todetermine that they are appropriate for use with the proposedwaterproofing m
48、aterials and system.6. Surface Preparation6.1 GeneralMost waterproofing systems depend on goodadhesion to the concrete. This, in turn, depends on propersurface preparation. The concrete surfaces must be free ofloose, weak, and unsound materials (including laitance), aswell as any chemical contaminat
49、ion that may adversely affectthe bond. Some tests for the adequacy of the surface prepara-tion are reviewed (see also 7.5). The preparation and testing ofthe concrete surfaces could also be performed in accordancewith the applicable provisions ofACI 301 and 311. When thereis doubt concerning selection of a preparation method, a smalltrial installation using one or more preparation methods fol-lowed by a patch test should be performed. (Refer also toPractice D4258 for additional cleaning methods.)6.2 Scraping is a technique used frequently to remove a thin,top la
