1、Designation: D5375/D5375M 98 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Methods forLiner Removal at High Speeds from Pressure-SensitiveLabel Stock1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5375/D5375M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of theadherence of the release liner to the adh
3、esive of a pressure-sensitive adhesive label.1.2 These test methods provide means of assessing theuniformity of the adhesion to the liner of a given type ofpressure-sensitive label. The assessment may be within a sheetor roll between sheets or rolls or between production lots.1.3 Variation in the la
4、bel backing, liner, liner release coat-ing, adhesive, and adhesive coating weight, affect the response.Therefore, these methods cannot be used to pinpoint thespecific cause(s) of nonuniformity.1.4 These test methods may not be appropriate to test labelshaving either relatively stiff backings or stif
5、f liners, or backingsshowing high stretch at low forces. These characteristics willresult in a high variability of the test response that is not a trueindication of the real nature of the adhesive bond.1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. T
6、he values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently, without combining values in anyway.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stan
7、dard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3715/D3715M Practice for Quality Assurance ofPressure-Sensitive T
8、apesD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 General definitions for packaging and dis
9、tributionenvironments are in accordance with Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 pressure-sensitive labelthe combination of face ma-terial, pressure-sensitive adhesive, and liner.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe adhesive is permanently tacky andinstantly adheres to whateve
10、r surface the label is designed for.Also, defined as a self-adhering label.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Test Method A The label stock is adhered to a rigidplatform with double-coated tape with the liner side up. Theliner is peeled from the adhesive at a specific rate. The liner ispeeled back over i
11、tself at 180 angle.4.2 Test Method B The label stock is adhered to a rigidplatform with double-coated tape with the liner side up. Theliner is peeled from the adhesive at a specified rate. The lineris peeled from the label stock at an angle of 90 to the stock.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test me
12、thods are a tool for development andquality assurance use. Given a specific pressure-sensitive labeland liner and a requirement in terms of the minimum formaximum peel value expected for this liner removal from thelabel, the data from the test can be used in conjunction withacceptance criteria.6. Ap
13、paratus6.1 Specimen Cutter The specimen cutter shall hold twosingle-edged razor blades in parallel planes, a precise distanceapart, to form a cutter of exact specimen widths. Two cutters,1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and are the direct responsibilit
14、y of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape andLabels.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5375/D5375M 98(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D5375_D5375M-98R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,
15、orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.12.7 and 25.4-mm
16、 or 0.5 and 1-in. cutting width, shall beavailable. (See Fig. 1.)NOTE 1The 12.7-mm or 0.5 in. cutter shall consist of a 0.5 in. thickby 200 mm or 8 in. length of aluminum bar stock 12.7-mm or 0.5 in. wide.The edges for about 125 mm or 5 in. from one end shall be roundedslightly to form a handle. The
17、 width of the bar for 75 mm or 3 in. from theopposite end shall be narrowed to exactly 12.7 mm or 0.500 in. minus thethickness of a single razor blade (one or two used as cutting edges). Therazor blades shall be held in position using side plates. The end of thecutter shall be cut away at a 45 angle
18、 to expose the cutting edge at oneend of the blades. The edges shall be separated by 12.7 mm 6 0.127 mmor 0.500 6 0.005 in. A 25.4-mm or 1 in. cutter shall follow the samedescription, except that the barstock width shall be 25.4 mm or 1 in. andshall be narrowed to exactly 25.4 mm or 1.00 in. minus t
19、he thickness ofa single razor blade.6.2 Roller,3mechanically operated:6.2.1 A steel roller, 82 6 2.5 mm or 3.25 6 0.1 in. indiameter and 35 6 1.5 mm or 1.75 6 0.05 in. in width, coveredwith rubber approximately 6.35 mm or 0.25 in. in thickness,having a Shore Scale A durometer hardness of 80 6 5. The
20、surface of the roller shall be a true cylinder void of any concaveor convex deviations. The mass of the roller shall be 2040 6 45gor4.56 0.1 lb.6.2.2 No part of the apparatus shall increase the mass of theroller during use. The roller shall move mechanically at the rateof 5.0 6 0.2 mm/s or 12.0 6 0.
21、5 in./min.NOTE 2A simple check to determine if the rubber surface is cylindri-cal is to wrap the roller in a very thin paper (onion skin) and drag it acrossa flat glass plate on which is placed a carbon paper, face up. The carbonrubs off onto the thin paper wrapper to reveal high spots or hollows on
22、 therubber surface.6.3 Adhesion Tester4An adhesion tester that has a mov-able platform or clamp for holding the test panel specimen anda means of moving the panel parallel with the direction of thestressing clamp so that the specimen is held either in the sameplane or perpendicular to the stressing
23、clamp and moved at auniform rate of 467 6 0.2 mm/s or 300 in./min away from theclamp and a visual readout or an autographic device forrecording the load. Calibration should be performed as in themanufacturers instructions in the operating manual.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with Pr
24、actice D3715/D3715M for rolls and Practice E122 for sheet stock.7.2 Use a minimum of five samples for development. This iscommon practice to use a minimum of five specimens takenfrom several rolls or sheets, among several production runs oflabel stock. Strong conclusions about a specific propertycan
25、not be based on test results of a single unit of product.8. Test Specimens8.1 The specimen shall be 25.4 mm or 1 in. wide. Atolerance of 0.40 mm or 6164 in. shall be allowed. The lengthshall be approximately 150 mm or 6 in.8.2 If the samples are in a roll form discard at least three butno more than
26、six outer wraps of label from the sample rollbefore taking the specimen for testing.8.3 Remove one specimen, minimum length of 150 mm or6 in. per sample roll or sample sheet.8.4 When the label stock is wider than 25.4 mm or 1 in.specimens of the widest specified width are to be cut from thecenter st
27、rip removed from the roll or sheet.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the sample roles in the standard conditioningatmosphere as described in Practice D4332 for a period of notless than 24 h. Test at these conditions. If other conditionsdescribed within Practice D4332 are used add that informationto the r
28、eport.10. Procedure10.1 Test Method A180 Liner Removal at High Speed(See Fig. 2):3Available from Chemsultants International, 9349 Hamilton Drive, HeisleyCommerce Park, Mentor, OH 440611118.4One source for an adhesion tester is the TLMI Release and Adhesion Testeravailable from Testing Machines, Inc.
29、, Amityville, NY.FIG. 1 Specimen Cutter FIG. 2 180 Liner Removal at High SpeedD5375/D5375M 98 (2011)210.1.1 Apply a strip of double-coated tape, as wide as thespecimen, the full length of the platform. Remove the linerfrom the double-coated tape. Superimpose 127 mm or 5 in. ofone end of the specimen
30、, backing side down, against thedouble-coated tape on the platform. Make two passes with themechanical roller. Separate the liner from the label at the freeend and cut away from the free label stock. Do not disturb theliner adhered to the label on the platform.10.1.2 Individually prepare each specim
31、en and test within 5min or at a predetermined dwell time.NOTE 3Different dwell times may give different results. Peel adhe-sion changes with dwell time at different rates for various labels. Adifferent dwell time may be chosen purposely.10.1.3 Clamp the free end of the liner into the stressingclamp.
32、 Operate the platform separation speed at 467 mm/s or300 in./min, or selected rate.NOTE 4Record separation speed if not at the prescribed 300 in./min(7.62 m/min) and record dwell time.10.2 Test Method B90 Liner Removal at High Speed (SeeFig. 3):10.2.1 Apply a strip of double-coated tape, as wide as
33、thespecimen, the full length of the platform. Remove the linerfrom the double-coated tape. Superimpose 127 mm or 5 in. ofone end of the specimen, backing side down, against thedouble-coated tape on the platform. Make two passes with themechanical roller. Separate the liner from the label at the free
34、end cut away the free label stock. Do not disturb the lineradhered to the label on the platform.10.2.2 Individually prepare each specimen and test imme-diately (within 1-min dwell time).NOTE 5Various dwell times may give different results. Peel adhesionchanges with dwell time. A different dwell time
35、 may be chosen purposely.10.2.3 Position the platform and stressing clamp at theposition that maintains a 90 angle of the stressing clamp to theplatform.10.2.4 Clamp the free end of the liner into the stressingclamp. Operate the platform separation at 467 mm/s or 300in./min or selected rate.NOTE 6Re
36、cord separation speed if not at 467 mm/s or 300 in./min andrecord dwell time.11. Calculation11.1 If observed pull value is not in ounces or newtons,convert to ounces or newtons. Calculate peel adhesion newtonsper 100 mm or ounces per inch.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Statem
37、ent of which test method was used and indi-cating any deviations from the test method as written, such asremoval speed etc.12.1.2 Complete indentification of each specimen tested,including label source, manufacturers code number, and form,12.1.3 Anomalous behavior during the test (that is, adhesivet
38、ransfer or splitting),12.1.4 Peel adhesion value in newtons/100 mm of width tothe nearest 0.1 N/100 mm, or ounces per inch of width to thenearest 0.1 oz/in.12.1.5 Dwell time, and12.1.6 Transparent tape reinforcement, if used and transpar-ent tape thickness.13. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionBased u
39、pon data from a single laboratory,the repeatability coefficient for Test MethodAis approximately5 %. The standard deviation is approximately 5 % of theaverage. The coefficient of variation for Test Method B isapproximately 10 %. An interlaboratory test program will beconducted to determine between l
40、aboratory reproducibility.13.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe procedure in this test method because no accepted referencevalue is available.14. Keywords14.1 high-speed removal; label stock; liner removal;pressure-sensitive adhesiveFIG. 3 90 Liner Removal at High SpeedD5375/D53
41、75M 98 (2011)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of su
42、ch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addi
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44、e ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5375/D5375M 98 (2011)4
