ASTM D1356-2005(2010) Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres《大气取样和分析的相关标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: D1356 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Terminology Relating toSampling and Analysis of Atmospheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a collective vocabulary relating tosampling and analysis of atmospheres. As a convenience togeneral in
3、terest, it contains most of the standard terms,definitions, and nomenclature under the jurisdiction of Com-mittee D22.1.2 Many of the entries in this terminology are copied (withattribution) from the standards of origin referenced in Section2. The standards of origin are noted in bold type at the ri
4、ghtmargin of the applicable definition.1.3 Certain terms in the common language that comprisemultiple concepts are included herein with the definitionspecific to standards and practices of Committee D22.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambien
5、tAtmosphereD3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-duresD3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling andAnalysis of Atmospheres and EmissionsD3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias ofMethods of Committee D22D36
6、86 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-sorption Method)D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound VaporsCollected by the Activated Charcoal Tube AdsorptionMethodD4023 Terminology Relating to Humidity Measurement3D4096 Test Method for
7、 Determination of Total SuspendedParticulate Matter in the Atmosphere (HighVolume Sam-pler Method)D4240 Test Method forAirborneAsbestos Concentration inWorkplace Atmosphere3D4298 Guide for Intercomparing Permeation Tubes to Es-tablish TraceabilityD5011 Practices for Calibration of Ozone Monitors Usi
8、ngTransfer StandardsD5015 Test Method for pH of Atmospheric Wet DepositionSamples by Electrometric DeterminationD5096 Test Method for Determining the Performance of aCup Anemometer or Propeller AnemometerD5111 Guide for Choosing Locations and Sampling Meth-ods to Monitor Atmospheric Deposition at No
9、n-UrbanLocationsD5366 Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Perfor-mance of a Wind VaneD5438 Practice for Collection of Floor Dust for ChemicalAnalysisD5466 Test Method for Determination of Volatile OrganicChemicals in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling Methodol-ogy)D5527 Practices for Measuring Surfa
10、ce Wind and Tempera-ture by Acoustic MeansD6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, andThermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or-ganic Compounds in AirE104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous Solutions3. Terminologyabsolute temperatureSee tem
11、perature.absolute filterSee filter.absorbance, nthe logarithm to the base of 10 of thereciprocal of transmittance.absorbate, nmaterial that has been retained by the processof absorption.absorbent, nmaterial in which absorption occurs.absorption, na process in which one material (the absor-bent) take
12、s up and retains another (the absorbate) with theformation of an homogeneous mixture having the attributesof a solution.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.01 on Quality Control.Current edition approved
13、April 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1356 - 05. DOI:10.1520/D1356-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
14、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.DISCUSSIO
15、NChemical reaction may accompany or follow absorp-tion.acceptance angle (6a, deg), nthe angular distance, cen-tered on the array axis of symmetry, over which thefollowing conditions are met: (a) wind components areunambiguously defined, and (b) flow across the transducersis unobstructed or remains w
16、ithin the angular range forwhich transducer shadow corrections are defined. D5527accrediting authority, na body that evaluates the capabilityof a testing agency or an inspection agency, or both, incertain specific fields of activity. D3614accretion, na phenomenon consisting of the increase in sizeof
17、 particles by the process of external additions.accuracy, nthe degree of conformity of a value generated bya specific procedure to the assumed or accepted true valueand includes both precision and bias. D3670acoustic pathlength (d, (m), nthe physical distance be-tween transducer transmitter-receiver
18、 pairs. D5527activated charcoal, nactivated charcoal refers to properlyconditioned coconut-shell charcoal. D3686adsorbate, nmaterial that has been retained by the processof adsorption.adsorbent, nsolid material on the surface of which adsorp-tion takes place.adsorption, na physical process in which
19、molecules of gas,of dissolved substances, or of liquids, adhere in an extremelythin layer to the surfaces of solid bodies with which they arein contact.aerosol, na dispersion of solid or liquid particles in agaseous medium.agency, nan organization or part of an organization engagedin the activities
20、of testing or inspection, or both. D3614agglomeration, na process of contact and adhesion wherebythe particles of a dispersion form clusters of increasing size.air at normal conditions (standard air), nair at 50 %relative humidity, 25C and 101.3 kPa (77F and 760 mmHg). See also atmosphere.air pollut
21、ion, nthe presence of unwanted material in the air.DISCUSSIONThe term unwanted material here refers to material insufficient concentrations, present for a sufficient time, and undercircumstances to interfere significantly with comfort, health, or welfareof persons, or with the full use and enjoyment
22、 of property.aliquot, na representative portion of the whole that can beexpressed as the inverse of an integer.ambient, adjsurrounding on all sides.analyzer, nthe instrumental equipment necessary to performautomatic analysis of ambient air through the use of physicaland chemical properties and givin
23、g either cyclic or continu-ous output signal. D3249analyzer system, nall sampling, analyzing, and readoutinstrumentation required to perform ambient air qualityanalysis automatically. D3249full scale, nthe maximum measuring limit for a givenrange of an analyzer. D3249lag time, nthe time interval fro
24、m a step change in the inputconcentration at the analyzer inlet to the first correspondingchange in the analyzer signal readout. D3249linearity, nthe maximum deviation between an actualanalyzer reading and the reading predicted by a straight linedrawn between upper and lower calibration points.DISCU
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