1、Designation: D5456 10Standard Specification forEvaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONStructural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a variety of end-useapplications. The composition of
3、the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, woodelement size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumberproducts require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response toend-use environments, and (2) establishment of an
4、d conformance to standard performance specifica-tions for quality.Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design propertiesand for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance procedures.The quality assurance sections in this spe
5、cification are intended to serve as a basis for designingquality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design valuesestablished in the qualification process are maintained.This specification is arranged as follows:SectionQualification 6Determination of Allowable
6、Design Stresses 7Independent Inspection 8Quality Assurance 101. Scope1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of struc-tural glued products. Consequently, this specification coversboth specific procedures and statements of intent that samplingand analysis must relate to the specific product.
7、1.2 This specification was developed in the light of cur-rently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials thatdo not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X1.1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond thescope o
8、f this specification.NOTE 1There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affectthe properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time.Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on thistopic in Appendix X1.1.4 This specification primarily considers en
9、d use in dryservice conditions, such as with most protected framing mem-bers, where the average equilibrium moisture content forsolid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. The conditioning envi-ronment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber isaff
10、ected by wood species, wood element size and shape, andadhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products pro-duced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated todetermine their product properties, regardless of the similarityin characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers
11、.Where a manufacturer produces product in more than onefacility, each production facility shall be evaluated indepen-dently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to thefull qualification program in accordance with this specificationshall be approved by the independent qualifying agenc
12、y.1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers,regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate acomposite lumber product intended for use as a structuralmaterial.1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling,mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and desig
13、n valueassignments. Requirements for a quality-control program andcumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance ofallowable design values for the product.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on
14、Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5456 09a. DOI:10.1520/D5456-10.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
15、, United States.1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable tostructural composite lumber portions of manufactured struc-tural components.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units
16、 that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t
17、he applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC384 Test Method for Impedance andAbsorption ofAcous-tical Mater
18、ials by Impedance Tube MethodC423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodD9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mit
19、tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded LumberD669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and PermittivityParallel with
20、 Laminations of Laminated Sheet and PlateMaterialsD1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1666 Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests ofWood and Wood-Base MaterialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD2132 Test Method for Dust-
21、and-Fog Tracking and ErosionResistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing ofWood and Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD2559 Specification for Adhesives for Structural Lami-nated Wood Produc
22、ts for Use Under Exterior (Wet Use)Exposure ConditionsD2718 Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear(Rolling Shear)D2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties forGrades of Structural LumberD3201 Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-Retardant Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD37
23、55 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUnder Direct-Voltage StressD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Str
24、uctural MaterialD4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD5055 Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Struc-tural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-JoistsD5457 Specification for Computing Reference Resistanceof Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections forLo
25、ad and Resistance Factor DesignD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strengthof Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD6815 Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Load andCreep Effects of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD7247 Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength ofAdhesive Bonds in Laminate
26、d Wood Products at ElevatedTemperaturesD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement PlanE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionan
27、d Materials2.2 CSA Standards:3CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives O112-M Series3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsStandard definitions of wood terms aregiven in Terminology D9.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Exposure 1 durabilitya bond classification forwood-based products that are n
28、ot permanently exposed to theweather. Wood-based products classified as Exposure 1 areintended to resist the effects of moisture on structural perfor-mance due to construction delays or other conditions of similarseverity.3.2.2 structural composite lumberin this specification,structural composite lu
29、mber (SCL) is any of laminated veneerlumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL), laminated strandlumber (LSL), or oriented strand lumber (OSL). These mate-rials are intended for structural use and they shall be bondedwith an exterior adhesive.3.2.2.1 laminated strand lumbera composite of woodstrand
30、elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along thelength of the member. The least dimension of the strands shallnot exceed 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) and the average length shall bea minimum of 150 times the least dimension.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
31、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.D5456 1023.2.2.2 la
32、minated veneer lumbera composite of woodveneer sheet elements with wood fibers primarily orientedalong the length of the member. Veneer thickness shall notexceed 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).3.2.2.3 oriented strand lumbera composite of woodstrand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along thelength of
33、the member. The least dimension of the strands shallnot exceed 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) and the average length shall bea minimum of 75 times the least dimension.3.2.2.4 parallel strand lumbera composite of wood ve-neer strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented alongthe length of the member. The
34、least dimension of strands shallnot exceed 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) and the average length shall be aminimum of 300 times the least dimension.3.2.3 DiscussionSCL has three mutually perpendiculardirections of orientation (see Fig. 1):L DirectionParallel to the longitudinal direction of the member.X Directio
35、nParallel to a surface of the member and normal to the L direction.Y DirectionNormal to both L and X direction.In this specification, longitudinal shear means shear stress inthe L-X and L-Y planes. Planar shear is stress in the X-Y plane.4. Materials4.1 GeneralStructural composite lumber materials c
36、on-forming to this specification meet the definition of a biobasedproduct in accordance with 3.1.2.1 of Guide D7480.4.2 Wood ElementsWood elements used in the fabricationof SCL products shall conform to 3.2.4.3 AdhesivesAdhesives used in the fabrication of SCLproducts shall conform to the requiremen
37、ts in SpecificationD2559.Alternatively, the durability of high temperature curingadhesives can be evaluated with the procedures specified inAnnex A4.2 (see Note 2). For this procedure, the averagestrength retention shall be at least 50 %. In Canada, adhesivesshall conform to the appropriate section
38、of CSA Standards for-Wood Adhesives, O112-M Series. In addition, adhesives usedfor LVL and PSL shall be qualified for heat durability perfor-mance in accordance with 4.3.1. X1.2.4 provides additionalinformation.NOTE 2Adhesives evaluated by Annex A4.2 are only qualified forExposure 1 conditions; othe
39、r conditions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. See the commentary and the section on Design andMechanical Property Concerns in Appendix X1 for further information.NOTE 3Heat durable performance implies that the bond betweenwood elements (veneers in LVL and strands in PSL) will exhibit simil
40、armaterial resistance to solid wood in an elevated temperature environmentwhere the wood material surrounding the bond does not provide thermalprotection.4.3.1 Adhesive Heat Durability:4.3.1.1 Adhesives used for LVL and PSL shall be qualifiedfor heat durability performance through testing in accorda
41、ncewith Test Method D7247. The test temperature and heatexposure duration for specimens tested at elevated temperature(Section 7.2 of Test Method D7247) shall meet the require-ments of Items (1), (2), and (3) below.(1) For the bonded specimens, the minimum target bond-line temperature shall be 428F
42、(220C). For the matched solidwood control specimens, the minimum target temperature atthe shear plane shall be 428F (220C).(2) The minimum target temperatures of Item (1) shall bemaintained for a minimum of 10 min or until achieving aresidual strength ratio for the solid wood control specimens of30
43、6 10 %, whichever is longer.(3) Block shear testing shall be conducted immediatelyafter removal from the oven such that the specimen bondline orshear plane temperature does not drop more than 9F (5C)after leaving the oven and prior to failure. This provision issatisfied when the time interval from t
44、he removal of thespecimen from the oven to the failure of the block shearspecimen does not exceed 60 s for each specimen tested andthe room temperature of the test laboratory at the time oftesting is not less than 60F (15.5C).4.3.1.2 For adhesives tested in accordance with 4.3.1.1, theresidual shear
45、 strength ratio for the bonded specimens, ascalculated in accordance with Test Method D7247, shall beequal to or higher than the lower 95 % confidence interval onthe mean residual shear strength ratio for the solid woodcontrol specimens.5. Mechanical Properties5.1 The characteristic value for SCL is
46、 a statistic derivedfrom test data as specified in 7.1. For bending and tensionparallel to grain, the characteristic value is obtained at the unitvolume as specified in 6.5.1 and 6.5.2.5.2 The design stress related to SCL is derived from thecharacteristic value through application of the adjustments
47、listed in Table 1 of this specification.FIG. 1 Orientations for Structural Composite LumberTABLE 1 Adjustment FactorsNOTE 1Apparent modulus of elasticity is computed from a deforma-tion, and compression strength perpendicular to grain is established at adeformation limit. Neither is subject to load
48、duration adjustments. Allother factors are the product of 1.62, that adjusts data to normal durationas defined in 7.3.1 of Practice D245, and an additional factor foruncertainty (see Appendix X3 for an explanation of the shear block testadjustment factor).Property Adjustment FactorApparent modulus o
49、f elasticity 1.00Bending strength 2.10Tensile strength parallel to grain 2.10Compressive strength parallel to grain 1.90Longitudinal shear strengthShear block test 3.15Structural-size shear test 2.10Compressive strength perpendicular to grain 1.67D5456 1035.3 The allowable design stress published for engineeringuse shall be derived from the design stress modified by factorsgiven in 7.3.6. Qualification6.1 Samples for qualification testing shall be representativeof the population being evaluated. When an intentional modi-fication to the process results in
