1、Designation: D 5499 94 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Methods forHeat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue GasDesulfurization Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the resistance ofpolymer linings applied to carbon
3、steel substrates to elevatedtemperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows:1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature ex-posure, and1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature expo-sure.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values
4、given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regula
5、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelD 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degr
6、ee of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD 4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of SurfaceProfile of Blast Cleaned SteelD 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatin
7、gsUsing Portable Adhesion Testers2.2 Steel Structures Painting Council Standards (SSPC)3:SSPC VIS 189 Visual StandardSSPC No. SP5 Blast Cleaning to White MetalSSPC PA-2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness withMagnetic Gauges3. Significance and Use3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be
8、usedin combination with other test methods for the selection of alining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heatalone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steelsubstrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradientthat may exis
9、t in actual applications.Actual lining performancemay also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical orchemical effects.3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of liningsapplied to square test panels.3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200F (93F)and 350F (177C) are based on typical m
10、aximum operatingzone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Othertemperatures may be evaluated as desired.4. Apparatus4.1 Forced-air Circulation Oven, capable of maintaining theselected test temperature within 4F (2C).4.2 A Rack or Stand to support the test panels vertically inthe oven w
11、hile maintaining a distance of at least 1 in. (25 mm)between the panels and between the panels and oven walls.5. Test Specimens5.1 Substrate:5.1.1 Test panels shall be new commercial quality carbonsteel conforming to Specification A 36/A 36M. Panels shall bea minimum of14 in. (6 mm) thick, and 8 in.
12、 (200 mm) square.5.1.2 These test panels are large enough and rigid enoughfor linings and coatings up to 0.25-in. (6-mm) thick. For1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 onProtective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the directresponsibility of
13、 Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining for FGD Systems.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2007. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 5499 - 94 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
14、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.1Copyright ASTM Internation
15、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.thicker linings, the test panels shall be at least 32 times thelining thickness in each direction.5.1.3 One test panel shall be prepared for each test tempera-ture, for each method (Test Method A or Test Method B
16、), inaddition to a control panel, which shall be maintained atlaboratory conditions without elevated temperature exposure.5.2 Preparation:5.2.1 Prepare one side of each panel in accordance withSSPC No. SP5 to the degree of cleanliness represented inSSPC VIS 189. Clean, new, angular abrasive shall be
17、 used.The surface profile shall be as recommended by the liningmanufacturer. Determine and record the average profile depthin accordance with Test Method D 4417, Test Method A usinga visual surface profile comparator or Test Method B, using atape replica.5.2.2 Apply the lining to the prepared surfac
18、e of the testpanels in a manner as closely simulating field application aspossible and as prescribed by the manufacturers latest techni-cal bulletin. Record the manufacturers batch numbers ormanufacturing dates, mixing method, mixing time, and methodof application.5.2.3 The lining may be terminated
19、at the edges of the panelor may be wrapped around the panel edges.5.2.4 The lining thickness shall be within 10 % of themaximum lining thickness specified by the manufacturer.5.3 Specimen Measurements:5.3.1 Determine and record the thickness of the liningmaterial using an appropriate dry-film thickn
20、ess gage inaccordance with SSPC PA-2.5.4 Conditioning of Test Panels:5.4.1 Condition test panels for a period of 7 days at 73 64F (23 6 2C). Additional conditioning of test panels,including longer cure times or elevated cure temperature, maybe conducted if specified. Actual conditioning time and tem
21、-perature shall be recorded and stated in the test report.6. Procedure6.1 Preheat the oven to the required test temperature of200F (93C) or 350F (177C) unless otherwise specified.6.2 Place the elevated temperature exposure panels in theoven in a vertical position such that there is a minimum 1-in.(2
22、5-mm) space between the panels and between the panels andthe oven walls.6.3 Test Method A:6.3.1 Remove the panels at the end of each exposure period.Place the panels in a vertical position with a minimum of 1-in.space between panels and allow them to condition at laboratorytemperatures of 73 6 4F (2
23、3 6 2C) for a minimum of 4 h.6.3.2 Evaluate the panels after each oven exposure asfollows:Exposure Number Oven Time, days Total Oven Time, days17 72714314 28428 566.3.3 After each exposure, evaluate the panels in accordancewith Section 7 and record the results.6.3.4 Place the panels back in the oven
24、 for the next exposureuntil the test is complete.6.3.5 After the test is complete, evaluate the panels inaccordance with Section 7 and record the results.6.4 Test Method B:6.4.1 Place the panels in the oven and evaluate as in 6.3 forTest Method A with the following difference:6.4.1.1 Remove the pane
25、ls from the oven once daily suchthat the exposure time in the oven for each daily cycle is 16 612 h.6.4.1.2 Condition the panels for4hinavertical positionwith a minimum of 1 in. (2.5 cm) at a temperature of 73 6 4F(23 6 2C).6.4.1.3 Optionally, the panels may be left in the oven duringthe weekend.6.4
26、.1.4 Evaluate the panel in accordance with Section 7 andrecord results.6.4.1.5 Terminate the test after 28 daily cycles.7. Panel Evaluation7.1 Visually inspect the lining surface of all panels beforethe test exposure for the presence of voids and cracks, and forblisters or loss of adhesion as descri
27、bed in 7.3.1.7.2 The lining evaluation shall consider only the center 6-in.(152-mm) diameter of the panel. This area will have beenexposed to the maximum stresses expected due to temperaturechanges as well as any changes in the lining due to the thermalexposure. Note only any effects related to and
28、limited to theedges of the panel.7.3 Examine the panel for the following effects:7.3.1 Evaluate and record blistering in accordance with TestMethod D 714.7.3.2 Some linings may not give clear visual indication ofblisters. Blisters may be detected by lightly tapping the surfaceof the lining with a fi
29、ngernail or small metal object. Where ablister or loss of adhesion has occurred, the sound will changefrom a solid tap to a more hollow sound. Mark with anindelible marker the apparent edges of a blistered or delami-nated area or any other heat caused defect such as pinholing orcratering.7.3.3 Exami
30、ne the lining for cracking, checking, flaking,and softening, and record the results. Refer to Test MethodsD 661 for cracking, D 660 for checking, D 772 for flaking, andD 1474 for hardness.7.4 For the final evaluation, test the lining for adhesionpull-off strength in accordance with Method D 4541 and
31、 recordthe results including the exact mode(s) and location of failureand approximate percentage of area for each (that is, 50 %adhesion to steel and 50 % cohesion in lining basecoat).Forcibly remove the lining from an area of the panel approxi-mately 1 by 2 in. (25 by 50 mm) using a knife or hammer
32、 andchisel to qualitatively evaluate adhesion and condition of thesubstrate. This procedure will also determine whether blister-ing or loss of adhesion occurred between coats or at the surfaceof the substrate.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Lining manufacturers name, product desi
33、gnation,batch numbers, and generic type.D 5499 94 (2007)28.1.2 Description of panel preparation including the result-ing depth of profile and degree of cleanliness.8.1.3 A description of equipment and procedures used inapplication of the lining.8.1.4 Results of visual inspections and thickness measu
34、re-ments.8.1.5 Curing/Conditioning procedure.8.1.6 Test temperature and time and whether Test Method Aor Test Method B was used.8.1.7 The results of each interim inspection as outlined inSection 7, noting any changes in appearance including crack-ing, crazing, softening, blistering, or loss of adhes
35、ion.8.1.8 The final evaluation should include an appraisal of thecohesion/adhesion of the lining in accordance with 7.4.9. Precision and Bias9.1 These test methods are specific as possible in establish-ing reproducible methods and procedures. Final test results andreports however, depend upon visual
36、 observations and subjec-tive evaluation.10. Keywords10.1 adhesion; blistering; cracking; flue gas desulfurization;heat resistance; polymer linings; thermal effectsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this
37、standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be r
38、eviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespon
39、sible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
40、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5499 94 (2007)3
