1、Designation: D 5548 05e1Standard Guide forEvaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics inLaundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing MachineRankings)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEThe title was corrected editorially in April 2007.1. Scope1.1 This
3、guide covers the evaluation of the effect of dyestuffcolor transfer or color loss from dyed fabrics. It is designed asa laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation ofdetergent products or the comparison of two or more deter-gents.1.2 There is no single assessment that will give the overallpe
4、rformance of a laundry product. A single test can onlysuggest how a formulation performs under the particularconditions chosen for the evaluation and cannot be expected toreflect comparative product performance under the many otherpossible conditions of use. A series of assessments is alwaysnecessar
5、y in order to evaluate the many aspects of productperformance. It is necessary to conduct confirming tests undercontrolled but practical home-laundering conditions to simu-late consumer experience.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. Th
6、e values given inparentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
7、of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Deter-gents,D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesE 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
8、ofMaterialsE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry2.2 AATCC Methods:Evaluation Procedure 6 Instrumental Color Measurement3Evaluation Procedure 7 Instrumental Assessment of theChange in Color of a Test Specimen33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 See
9、Terminology D 459.3.1.2 laundering, na process intended to remove soils orstains, or both, by treatment (washing) with an aqueousdetergent solution and normally including subsequent rinsing,extraction, and drying.3.1.3 rinse, v or na process or treatment in an aqueousmedium for the purpose of removi
10、ng extraneous matter fromtextile materials.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Three fabrics are chosen that exhibit varying degrees ofcolor loss or transfer. A nylon fabric is dyed with a heavyconcentration of a red dye that will exhibit the greatest amountof color loss or transfer. Two cotton fabrics are dyed
11、with bluedyes, which provide a light and intermediate level of color lossand transfer. A bleached undyed cotton fabric is washed in thesame bucket as the dyed fabrics to act as a receptacle for thefugitive dyestuff.4.2 The evaluation is performed in a laboratory washerunder standardized conditions.
12、It is possible to rank one ormore detergents using instrumental readings and determiningthe DE values.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.25 onConsumer Standards.Current edition approved May 1,
13、2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 5548 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
14、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatu
15、s5.1 Laboratory WasherA laboratory-scale, agitator-typewashing machine.45.2 Photoelectric Colorimeter.5.3 Fabrics:5.3.1 Spun nylon 6.6 fabric dyed with Acid Red 151 at2.5 %.5.3.2 Cotton print cloth dyed with Direct Blue 7 at 0.4 %.5.3.3 Cotton print cloth dyed with Direct Blue 90 at 0.75 %.5.3.4 Ble
16、ached cotton print cloth (undyed).6. Materials6.1 One Swatch412 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) spun nylon6.6 fabric dyed Acid Red 151 for each detergent beingevaluated.6.2 Three Swatches412 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) cottonprint cloth dyed Direct Blue 90 for each detergent beingevaluated.6.3 Three Swatches4
17、12 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) cottonprint cloth dyed Direct Blue 7 for each detergent beingevaluated.6.4 One Swatch412 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) bleachedcotton print cloth for each detergent being evaluated.6.5 Detergent(s) Being Evaluated.6.6 Laundry Additive(s) Being Evaluated (Optional).6.7 Hard-Wat
18、er Stock SolutionPrepare a hard-water stocksolution by dissolving 3.3075 6 0.002 g of calcium chloridedihydrate (CaCl22H2O) and 1.525 6 0.002 g of magnesiumchloride hexahydrate (MgCl26H2O) in about 300 mLof water.Dilute to a volume of 1 L with additional water. This solutioncontains 3000 ppm hardnes
19、s (expressed as calcium carbonate)with a Ca:Mg molar ratio of 3:1.7. Instrumental Reading of Undyed Fabric7.1 Carefully present each swatch to a photoelectric colo-rimeter with the same orientation (for example, long directionperpendicular to operator). Back each swatch with the samecolor specimens.
20、7.2 Read swatches with no ultraviolet light. Standard filtersfor eliminating ultraviolet from the light source should be used.7.3 Measure the reflectance of the undyed fabric with aphotoelectric colorimeter. (See Practice D 1776, Test MethodE 1347, Guide E 179, and AATCC Procedures 6 and 7.)7.4 Meas
21、ure the reflectance of the dyed fabrics with aphotoelectric colorimeter. (See Practice D 1776, Test MethodE 97, Guide E 179, and AATCC Procedures 6 and 7.)8. Procedure for Color Transfer in One Wash8.1 Wash swatches in laboratory washer.8.1.1 Water1000 mL water hardened to 110 ppm with a3:1 mixture
22、of Ca:Mg.8.1.2 Water Temperature32C (61C).8.1.3 Detergent0.2 % concentration or manufacturersuse level.8.1.4 Laundry Additives (Optional)Manufacturers rec-ommended concentration.8.1.5 Agitation Rate60 cycles per min.8.1.6 Time15 min.8.1.7 Use the appropriate number of swatch(s) (one color),depending
23、 on which dye cloth is being used, per bucket foreach detergent being evaluated.8.1.8 Use one swatch of undyed fabric per bucket for eachdetergent being evaluated.8.1.9 Rinse at 20C (63C) for 3 min in 1000 mL of 110ppm water with agitation.8.1.10 Air dry without heat.8.1.11 Repeat instrumental readi
24、ngs as per Section 7.NOTE 1It has been demonstrated that color transfer occurs in onewash using the specified dyed fabrics in 5.3 of this guide.9. Procedure for Color Loss in Three Washes9.1 Wash swatches in laboratory washer.9.1.1 Water1000 mL distilled water per bucket, hardenedto 110 ppm.9.1.2 Wa
25、ter Temperature32C (61C).9.1.3 Detergent0.2 % concentration or manufacturersrecommended use level.9.1.4 Laundry Additives (Optional)Manufacturers rec-ommended use level.9.1.5 Agitation Rate60 cycles per min.9.1.6 Time15 min.9.1.7 Use the appropriate number of dyed fabric swatches(one color) per buck
26、et for each detergent being evaluated.9.1.8 Rinse at 20C (63C) for 3 min in 110 ppm waterwith agitation.9.1.9 Air dry without heat.9.1.10 Repeat instrumental readings as per Section 7.9.2 Repeat steps in 9.1 for a total of three washes.NOTE 2It has been demonstrated that color loss occurs over repea
27、tedwashings. Three washings using the specified fabrics in 5.3 of this guidewill demonstrate color loss for practical purposes.10. Calculations10.1 Calculate DE values using the following equation:DE 5 =Lw2 Lo!21 aw2 ao!21 bw2 bo!2(1)where:L = reflectance,a = redness/greenness,b = yellowness/bluenes
28、s,w = fabric after washing, ando = fabric before washing.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Details of any optional or additional requirementsthat have been met,11.1.2 Whether the procedure in Section 8 or 9 was used,and11.1.3 The results obtained according to Section 10.4The sol
29、e source of supply of the laboratory washer known to the committee atthis time is the Terg-O-Tometer, available from SGSUS Testing, 291 Fairfield Ave.,Fairfield, NJ 07004, U.S.A. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receiv
30、e carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you mayattend.D554805e1212. Keywords12.1 colorfastness; dye fading; dye transfer; fabricsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedi
31、n this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mu
32、st be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of th
33、eresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
34、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D554805e13
