1、Designation: D5579 12D5579 12aStandard Test Method forEvaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual TransmissionLubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty man
3、ual transmissions when operated at hightemperatures.1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure ofsynchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.1.3 Correlation of test resul
4、ts with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shownto appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in thetrucks of one manufacturer.1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessar
5、y due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, andso forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).2 The testmethod will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.1.5 The values stated in
6、 inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5.1 ExceptionWhen materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are
7、omitted.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This te
8、st method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.03on Automotive Gear Lubricants or when shifting from low range to high range, for the countershaft speed to decrease from(1700 to 500) r/min.3.2.6 s
9、ynchronizer, na pack of friction and reaction plates used to match the speeds of the low- and high-range gears prior toengagement.3.2.7 unsynchronized shift, na shift in which the speed of the mating gears is not matched to the speed of the transmissionoutput shaft by the synchronizer.4. Summary of
10、Test Method4.1 Prior to each test run, the transmission is disassembled and all parts, including the case and the oil-circulating and heatingsystems, are thoroughly cleaned. The transmission is rebuilt with a new synchronizer assembly, including measured shifter fork,friction, and reaction disks. Al
11、l other worn or defective parts are replaced.4.2 The rebuilt transmission is installed on a test stand.4.3 The transmission and oil system are flushed with the test oil in accordance with the flush procedure.4.4 The flush oil is drained, and the test oil is measured and charged to the transmission.4
12、.5 The transmission is started and operated in low range until the oil temperature reaches the test operating range.4.6 The transmission is automatically cycled between low and high range until two unsynchronized shifts occur or the desiredlength of test is reached without failure. The time required
13、 to shift from high range to low range is recorded each hour.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
14、4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.5 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.6 Available from Volvo Powertrain, North America, 13302 Pennsylvani
15、a Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21742.D5579 12a34.7 At the conclusion of the test, the test parts are removed and visually inspected. The shifter fork and friction plates aremeasured again to determine wear.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids
16、for thermal instability, which results indeterioration of synchronizer performance.5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such asthe following:5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1),5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2
17、105,5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.6. Apparatus6.1 Table 1 is a list of the make and model of recommended instruments and equipment.6.2 Test TransmissionThe test transmission is a MACK T2180, configurat
18、ion 11KBA51431 (see Fig. 1). Some parts in thetransmission are to be removed and some are to be added before testing, as listed in Table 2. The main box shift rail cover canbe replaced with an aluminum plate to facilitate transmission cleaning at end of test.6.3 Transmission MountsThe transmission i
19、s mounted as shown in Fig. 2.6.4 Oil-Circulating SystemThe system heats the oil to the specified operating temperature of 250 6 5F (121 C 6 2.7 C)and maintains this temperature throughout the duration of the test. The power density of the heater is not high enough to causedegradation of the oil (22
20、to 25 W/in.2 (3.4 W/cm2 to 3.9 W/cm2). The oil flow rate is between 6 and 10 gal/min (23 L/min to38 L/min). A layout of the oil-circulation system is shown in Fig. 3. A detailed drawing of the recommended oil heating chamberis shown in Fig. 4. The total oil capacity of the test system is 5.25 gal (1
21、9.87 L) with the oil level in the transmission at the loweredge of the fill hole. If the system capacity is too small, increase by lengthening oil hoses. When the system capacity is too great,decrease by shortening hoses, if it is practical to do so; otherwise, install an inert (stainless steel) blo
22、ck in the transmission mainbox sump to raise the oil level. Route the oil lines so that they will empty completely when draining the system.TABLE 1 Recommended Test Stand ComponentsItem Manufacturer Part No.Panel MetersTailshaft rpm Newport P-6031D20DCountershaft rpm Newport P-6031D20DShift time New
23、port P-6031D20DCoast down time Newport P-6031D20DControl IndicationTemperature controller Omron ESEX-AFTemperature indicator Newport INF-0-0-0-0-JFCycle counter Redington P2-1006-115ACCycle timer Omron H5BR-B-AC100-240T/C selector switch Thermo Electric 33112Oil psi gage/safety Murphy A-20EO, O-30 p
24、siAir supply gage U.S. Gage P44U, O-160 psiAir regulator Norgren RO-8-300 RNMAShift solenoid Asco 8317G35, 3-waysolenoidMag. pickup Electro 3010AN12 VDC Power supply Sola SLS-12-017Air pressure switch Penn P61AG-1RelaysAC Potter forkwear; manual transmission lubricants; shifting synchronization; shi
25、ft time; thermal stability;total cycle timeANNEXES(Mandatory Information)TABLE 5 Reference Oil PrecisionAVariable Intermediate Precision ReproducibilitySi.p.B i.p.C SRB RCCycles to Fail 9131 25567 9131 25567A These statistics are based on results obtained onTMC Reference Oils 151-2 and151-3 with Con
26、figuration 2 hardware over the period from Jan. 25, 1999 throughMarch 19, 2005.B S = standard deviation.C This value is obtained by multiplying the standard deviation by 2.8.D5579 12a13A1. TEST VALIDITY CALCULATIONS AND LIMITSA1.1 For a test to be operationally valid it mustshall not exceed the limi
27、ts on unscheduled downtime, and deviation from operatingparameters and average cycle time as follows.A1.1.1 Downtime Limits:A1.1.1.1 During Warm-upNo limit on number of occurrences nor length of time down.A1.1.1.2 During test (regardless of length of test):(1) Occurrences less than 15-min durationno
28、t counted, but reported.(2) Occurrences, over 15-min durationmaximum of three.(3) Total time down, no occurrence 16 h.A1.1.2 Deviation from Test Operating Parameters:A1.1.2.1 The following operating parameters are considered critical to test validity.(1) Oil sump temperature,(2) Shift air supply pre
29、ssure, and(3) Tailshaft speed.A1.1.2.2 Calculate the percent deviation as follows:percent out5(i51n S Mi0.5R 3TiDD 3100 (A1.1)where:Mi = magnitude of test parameter out from specification limit at occurrence, i,R = test parameter specification range,Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside
30、 of specification range at occurrence, i, (Ti is assumed to be no less than therecorded data-acquisition frequency unless supplemental readings are documented), andD = test or test phase duration in same units as Ti.NOTE A1.1A reading out of specification using once-per-hour data recording is consid
31、ered to be out for the full hour, unless otherwise documented.A1.1.2.3 The deviation percentages for the critical operating parameters mustshall not exceed:Limits, %Oil sump temperature 2.0Shift air supply pressure 2.0Tailshaft speed 5.0A1.1.2.4 As an example, assume:(1) Test length200 h,(2) Oil sum
32、p temperature250 6 5F (121 C 6 2.8 C): 259F (126 C) for 1 h,(3) Oil sump temperature250 6 5F (121 C 6 2.8 C): 244F (118 C) for 6 h,(4) Shift air supply press90 6 2 psi (620 kPa 6 14 kPa): 93 psi (641 kPa) for 2 h, and(5) Tailshaft speed750 r/min 6 10 r/min. No out of specification readings.A1.1.2.5
33、Oil Temperature:4531200310050.40%153620050.60% (A1.2)Total Deviation Percentage50.40%10.60%51.00%A1.1.2.6 Air Pressure:D5579 12a141232200310050.50% (A1.3)A1.1.3 Average Cycle Time:A1.1.3.1 The average total cycle time for a complete test mustshall be within (1260.6) s for the test to be consideredop
34、erationally valid.Average Total Cycle Time5 (A1.4)36003total operating hours of testtotal cycles of testA1.1.3.2 The total cycle time is the time to complete shifts from low range to high range and back to low rangenominally 12s.A2. HTCT TEST REPORT FORMS AND DATA DICTIONARYA2.1 The required report
35、forms and data dictionary are available on the ASTM Test Monitoring Center web page athttp:/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu/, or they can be obtained in hardcopy format from the TMC.Form 0 Test Report CoverForm 1 Test Results Summary PageForm 2 Test Conditions and Measurements SummaryForm 3 Downtime and Comment
36、s SheetForm 4 Shift GraphsForm 5 Shift Time GraphsA3. MANUAL TRANSMISSION CYCLIC DURABILITY TEST PARTS INSPECTION AND WEAR MEASUREMENTSA3.1 Figs. A3.1-A3.4 are examples of the necessary report forms.D5579 12a15FIG. A3.1 Typical Form for Recording Friction Disk WearD5579 12a16NOTE 1Side of fork with
37、forged angle and part number is the rear side. View the fork from this side to identify the pads as left and right.NOTE 2Post-test wear measurement may be made at EOT or at passing cycles. See “Cycles at Wear Measurement” for the point at which the post-testwear measurement was taken.FIG. A3.2 Typic
38、al Form for Recording Fork Pad Thickness Wear MeasurementsD5579 12a17FIG. A3.3 Typical Form for Recording Preload MeasurementsD5579 12a18NOTE 1Log all shutdowns and repairs on the back of the log sheet.FIG. A3.4 Data Log SheetD5579 12a19SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.B0 has identified the locati
39、on of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D557910a)12) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) InEditorially 13.3 and improved 13.4, revised the instructions for forwarding test results to the Test Monitoring Center. thestandard by applying Form and Style (including SI 10) gu
40、idelines.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such ri
41、ghts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
42、 standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM
43、 Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5579 12a20
