1、Designation: D 5582 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forDetermining Formaldehyde Levels from Wood ProductsUsing a Desiccator1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a small scale procedure formeasuring formaldehyde emission potential fr
3、om wood prod-ucts. The formaldehyde level is determined by collectingair-borne formaldehyde in a small distilled water reservoirwithin a closed desiccator. The quantity of formaldehyde isdetermined by a modification of the National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 3500 chromotropi
4、cacid test procedure. Other analytical procedures may be used todetermine formaldehyde emission potential provided that suchmethods give similar results to the chromotropic acid proce-dure. However, the test results and test report must be properlyqualified and the analytical procedure employed must
5、 be noted.Procedures based on acetylacetone and pararosaniline havebeen found to give similar results to chromotropic acid in othertest methods used in determining formaldehyde emissionpotential from wood products (see Test Method E 1333).1.2 Wood products typically evaluated by this test methodare
6、made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and include par-ticleboard, hardwood, plywood, and medium-density fiber-board. This test method is used for product quality control andis a small bench test method that correlates with the large-scaleacceptance test for determining formaldehyde levels fromwood p
7、roducts, Test Method E 1333. The general desiccatortesting procedure may be modified for different conditioningtimes to accommodate its use in manufacturing quality control.However, the test results must be properly qualified and theconditioning time employed must be noted.NOTE 1If modifications are
8、 made to the conditioning period forquality control purposes, it is important that the modification is consis-tently applied. Otherwise, the results may not be comparable.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4
9、This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazar
10、dstatements, see Section 6 and 8.2.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)E 1333 Test Method for Determining Formald
11、ehyde Con-centrations inAir and Emission Rates from Wood ProductsUsing a Large Chamber2.2 HUD Document:24 CFR 3280, Manufactured Home Construction and SafetyStandards, Federal Register, Vol 49, No. 15532.3 NIOSH Document:Formaldehyde Method 3500, U.S. Department of Health,and Human Services32.4 Othe
12、r Documents:Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495, 325F.18, and325F.181, Formaldehyde Gases in Building Materials43. Significance and Use3.1 Limitations on formaldehyde levels have been estab-lished for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in home
13、s or1This test method is under the jurisdition of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 5582 00.2For r
14、eferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg.
15、 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.4Available from Print Communications, Dept. ofAdministration, 117 UniversityAve., St. Paul, MN 55155.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Stat
16、es.used as components in kitchen cabinets and for similarindustrial products. This test method is used in conjunctionwith the test method referenced by HUD Rules and Regula-tions 24 CFR 3280 for manufactured housing and by Minne-sota Statutes Section 144.495 for housing units and buildingmaterials.
17、This test method provides a means of testingsmall-size samples to determine formaldehyde emission poten-tial.3.2 This test method incorporates a desiccator, with thedesiccant removed, having a 250-mm (10-in.) inside diameterand a volume of approximately 10.5 L (641 in.) with thedesiccator lid in pla
18、ce. Conditions controlled in the procedureare as follows:3.2.1 Conditioning of panel products prior to testing,3.2.2 Specified number, size, and edge sealing of woodspecimens to be placed in the desiccator,3.2.3 Test desiccator temperature, and3.2.4 Samples from the 25-mL distilled water collectionm
19、edium in the petri dish bottom are analyzed for formaldehydeat the end of a 2-h period in the closed desiccator.3.3 This test method employs a single set of environmentalconditions to assess formaldehyde emission potential fromcertain wood products. When the relationship between desic-cator test val
20、ues and large-chamber test values are to bedetermined, the values for the specific wood panel product typeshall be plotted. This test method does allow a comparison offormaldehyde levels from different products for the same use.NOTE 2Care must be exercised in the extension of the results to actualfo
21、rmaldehyde emission from products under actual use conditions.4. Interferences4.1 The NIOSH 3500 analytical method lists phenols as anegative interference when present at an 8:1 excess overformaldehyde. Modifications in the analytical procedure shallbe made when this test method is used to accuratel
22、y determinethe formaldehyde emission potential from wood products madewith phenol-formaldehyde adhesive systems.5, 65. Apparatus5.1 DesiccatorThe interior volume of the desiccator shallbe 10.5 L(641 in.).Any desiccant shall have been removed, theinterior of the desiccator thoroughly cleaned, and the
23、 porcelaindesiccator plate replaced in the desiccator. The bearing areas ofthe desiccator and desiccator lid shall be greased so that thecontainer will be air tight during the duration of the 2-h test.5.2 Petri Dish and BeakerA clean 400-mL beaker to beinverted as a reservoir support and the bottom
24、of a 100 by20-mm petri as a distilled water reservoir dish shall beavailable for each desiccator test.5.3 Test Room or AreaA room or test area capable ofbeing maintained at 24 6 1C (75 6 2F) shall be available forconducting desiccator tests.NOTE 3If liquid-in-glass thermometers are used for determin
25、ing orchecking the temperature of the test area, see Test Method E77.5.4 Examples of acceptable reagents, materials, and equip-ment are provided in Appendix X1.6. Hazards6.1 Chromotropic Acid Reagent Treatment (see 8.2.4 andA3.5)During this hazardous operation, the operator shallwear rubber gloves,
26、apron, and a full face mask or be protectedfrom splashing by a transparent shield such as a hood window.The solution becomes extremely hot during the addition ofsulfuric acid. Add slowly to avoid loss of sample due tosplattering.6.2 Cleaning Chemicals for GlasswareAppropriate pre-cautions shall be t
27、aken if cleaning chemicals are considered tobe hazardous.7. Test Specimens7.1 Use eight 70 6 2by1276 2-mm (234 by 5-in.) bypanel thickness specimens for each desiccator test. Cut speci-mens from the sample panel or panel segment to obtainadequate representation of areas within the panel or panelsegm
28、ent. The fresh cut edges and ends of each specimen shallbe at least 25 mm (1 in.) from the edges and ends of the samplepanel or panel segment. When a product has significantlydifferent emission characteristics for each surface and has onlyone surface exposed to the building space, also use sixteen 7
29、0by 127-mm (234 by 5-in.) test pieces to prepare eight 70 by127-mm double-piece back-to-back specimens.7.2 Specimen Edge SealingRemove sawdust and loosesplinters from each test specimen. Coat the edges and ends ofeach single or double-piece specimen by immersion in meltedparaffin wax. Apply at least
30、 two coats. The wax shall cover nomore than 5 mm (316 in.) of either face around the coatedperimeter.7.3 Specimen ConditioningThen condition the specimenson edge, spaced apart, so air can freely circulate across allsurfaces for seven days 64hat246 1.7C (75 6 3F) and 506 10 % relative humidity. The f
31、ormaldehyde concentration inthe air within 30 cm (12 in.) of where the specimens areconditioned shall be not more than 0.1 ppm during theconditioning period.NOTE 4Conditioning time less than seven days and specimens withedges and ends not coated with paraffin wax may be used for qualitycontrol or in
32、formational testing; however these and other test methodmodifications shall be clearly indicated in the test report. Modifications toconditioning time or edge treatment, or both, will affect the test results;therefore, correlation to other test methods may need to be re-established.NOTE 5 If liquid-
33、in-glass thermometers or psychrometers, or both,are used for determining or checking the temperature or the relativehumidity, or both, of the conditioning area, see Test Methods E 77 andE 337.8. ProcedureNOTE 6A list of test apparatus and chemical reagents are provided inAppendix X1.8.1 Test Procedu
34、re for Materials:8.1.1 Conduct tests in a room maintained at 24 6 0.6C (756 1F). Equilibrate the desiccator, petri dish bottom, anddistilled water to 24 6 0.6C.5Hakes, D., Johnson, G., and Marhevka, J., Procedure for Elimination of PhenolInterference in the Chromotropic Acid Method for Formaldehyde,
35、 AmericanIndustrial Hygiene Association, April 1984.6Technical Bulletin No. 415, National Council of the Paper Industry for Air andStream Improvement Inc. (NCASI), 1983.D 5582 00 (2006)28.1.2 Before each test, wipe the desiccator with a clean ragor paper towel moistened with distilled water, and the
36、n drywith a clean dry rag or paper towel.NOTE 7Formaldehyde can be used as a constituent of wet-strengthresins for paper and of permanent-press resins for fabrics. The type of ragor paper towel selected for cleaning must be formaldehyde-free.8.1.3 Apply a light coating of vacuum grease to the desic-
37、cator lid and desiccator.Avoid excessive use of vacuum grease.8.1.4 Arrange specimens as prepared in 7.1 and 7.2 andcondition as in 7.3 on top of the porcelain desiccator platearound an inverted 400-mL beaker as a 100 6 7-mm (4 614-in.) high support inside the desiccator for the petri dishbottom dis
38、tilled water reservoir. Specimens should be arrangedso that air has access to all surfaces and edges.8.1.5 Pipet 25 mL of distilled water into the bottom portionof petri dish.8.1.6 Carefully lower the petri dish bottom containingdistilled water into the desiccator until it rests upon the inverted400
39、-mL beaker.8.1.7 Slide the desiccator lid into place making sure a goodseal is obtained.8.1.8 Observe and record the time.8.1.9 Maintain the desiccator test room at 24 6 0.6C (75 61F). Record the temperature at 30-min intervals.Alternatively,use a continuous temperature recorder. Report any temperat
40、urerange deviations.8.1.10 After 120 6 1 min, remove the desiccator lid andcarefully remove the petri dish. Proceed immediately to 8.2.1.When running multiple desiccator tests, initiate 8.2.1 within 10min, otherwise cover the petri dish or dishes with parafilmwhile awaiting analysis.8.2 Analysis of
41、Water Samples:8.2.1 Gently swirl the petri dish and pipet 4 mL of thesolution into each of two 16 by 150-mm screw cap test tubesfor duplicate analysis. Label to avoid subsequent error. Alter-natively, use three tubes for triplicate analysis.8.2.2 Pipet 4 mL of distilled water into a 16 by 150-mmscre
42、w capped test tube to act as a “blank.”8.2.3 Add 0.1 mL of 1 % chromotropic acid reagent to eachtest tube and shake to mix.8.2.4 Slowly and carefully pipet 6.0 mL concentrated sul-furic acid into each test tube (PrecautionSee 6.1.) and allowto flow down the side of test tube. Allow the volumetric pi
43、petto drain. Do not blow out. Before placing caps on test tubes,check the condition of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) capliners to make sure they are clean and not deteriorated.8.2.5 Ensure adequate mixing by use of a vibrating labora-tory mixer or other means. Mixing is complete when there is n
44、osign of stratification. If absorbance readings routinely exceed1.0 or if spectrophotometric analysis is performed within 2 h,heat capped test tubes to 95C or place in a boiling water bathfor 15 6 2 min to ensure that the chemical reaction iscomplete. After removal, allow the test tubes to cool to r
45、oomtemperature. Carefully vent test tubes to release pressure.(WarningAvoid rapid mixing as heating and pressure willincrease and potentially break the test tube.)8.2.6 Allow the tubes to cool to room temperature. Do notaccelerate the cooling.Avoid cooling tubes in direct sunlight asthis may alter c
46、olor chromogen development. Transfer thesolution to cuvettes (if necessary). At this point, small bubblesmay be rising through the solution. Do not make absorbancereadings until the solution is clear.8.3 Absorbance Readings:8.3.1 Prior to performing this test method for the first time,a calibration
47、curve shall be developed. See Annex A3.8.3.2 Standardize the spectrophotometer to 100 % transmit-tance (zero absorbance) using distilled water at 580 nm inaccordance with the instruments operating instructions. Thisgives an indication that the instrument is in proper workingorder. Read the “blank” a
48、gainst distilled water because anabsorbance above 0.040 (using a 12-mm cell path length) orabove 0.030 (using a 10-mm cell path length) for the reagentblank indicates contamination of the reagent blank or impropersolution preparation.8.3.3 Zero the instrument on the reagent blank if absorbanceis not
49、 greater than 0.040 (12-mm path length) or 0.030 (10-mmpath length) compared to distilled water as zero. Alternately,leave the instrument zeroed on distilled water, and subtract theabsorbance of the reagent blank from the absorbance of thesample solutions.8.3.4 Read and record absorbance at 580 nm of each sampleprepared (see 9.1 for calculation).8.3.5 When a precise desiccator value is required and thesample solution is found to fall outside the stated absorbancerange (greater than 1.0 or as determined in A3.12), repeat8.2.1-8.3.4. Otherwise, report th
