1、Designation: D 5675 04Standard Classification forFluoropolymer Micropowders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This classification system provides a method of ad-equately identifying PTFE micropowders using a systemconsistent with that of Classification System D
3、 4000. It furtherprovides a means for specifying these materials by the use ofa simple line callout designation. This classification coversfluoropolymer micropowders that are used as lubricants and asadditives to other materials in order to improve lubricity or tocontrol other characteristics of the
4、 base material.1.2 These powders are sometimes known as lubricant pow-ders. The powders usually have a much smaller particle sizethan those used for molding or extrusion, and they generallyare not processed alone. The test methods and propertiesincluded are those required to identify and specify the
5、 varioustypes of fluoropolymer micropowders. Recycled fluoropolymermaterials meeting the detailed requirements of this classifica-tion are included (see Guide D 5033).1.3 These micropowders and the materials designated asfiller powders (F) in ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2 areequivalent.21.4 The values
6、 stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTMSI 10 are to be regarded as standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and de
7、termine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 7.1.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of SoilsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
8、 byExtrusion PlastometerD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rialsD 4464 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Cata-lytic Material by Laser Light ScatteringD 4567
9、Test Method for the Single-Point Determination ofthe Specific Surface Area of Catalysts Using NitrogenAdsorption by Continuous Flow MethodD 4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures andHeats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by DifferentialScanning CalorimetryD 4895 Specification for Polytetraflu
10、oroethylene (PTFE)Resins Produced from DispersionD 5033 Guide for the Development of Standards Relating tothe Proper Use of Recycled PlasticsD 5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in the D 4000FormatIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric Sys
11、tem2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 12086-1 Plastics-Fluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extrusion Materials Part 1: Designation andSystem and Basis for SpecificationISO 12086-2 Plastics-Fluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extrusion Materials Part 2: Preparation ofTest Specimens and Determination
12、of Properties3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terminology given in TerminologyD 883 is applicable to this classification unless otherwisespecified.3.1.1 bulk density, nthe mass per unit volume, in gramsper litre of a loosely packed material, such as a moldingpowder. D 48953.1.2 lot, none production
13、run or uniform blend of two ormore production runs. D 48951This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved February 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originallyappro
14、ved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 5675 - 99a.2Designations, specifications, and test methods are included in ISO 12086-1 and12086-2.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
15、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 10
16、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 direct polymerization powder, nPTFE materialbased on polymerizations designed to produce low molecularweight PTFE resins with properties of materials described i
17、nthis standard.3.2.2 dispersion-based powder, nPTFE material based onthe type of polymerization normally related to the productionof “paste or coagulated dispersion type” PTFE resins.3.2.3 micropowder, nwhite, free-flowing PTFE powdersdesigned for use as additives in other materials or systems.3.2.4
18、 reground PTFE, nPTFE material produced bygrinding polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material that has beenpreformed but has never been sintered.3.2.5 reprocessed PTFE, nPTFE material produced bygrinding PTFE material that has been both preformed andsintered.3.2.6 sintering, nas it applies to PTFE, a t
19、hermal treat-ment during which the PTFE is melted and recrystallized bycooling, with coalescence occurring during the treatment.3.2.7 suspension-based powder, nPTFE material basedon the type of polymerization normally related to the produc-tion of granular PTFE resins.3.3 Abbreviations:Abbreviations
20、Abbreviated terms are inaccordance with Terminology D 1600.4. Classification4.1 This classification covers two groups of fluoropolymermicropowders. Fluoropolymer micropowders are classifiedinto groups according to their base fluoropolymer. Thesegroups are further subdivided into classes and grades a
21、s shownin Table 1.NOTE 1An example of this classification system is as follows:The designation ASTM D 5675 PTFE0111 indicates PTFE micropowderin accordance with Specification D 5675:01 = PTFE resin,1 = suspension polymerization based, and1 = formerly Type I, Grade 1, Class A, inSpecification D 5675
22、- 95awith a particle size of 1 to 1 g/10 min using a load of 5 kg.5. General Requirements5.1 The resin shall be uniform and shall contain no additivesor foreign material.5.2 The color of the material as shipped by the seller shallbe white to gray.6. Sampling6.1 Sampling shall be statistically adequa
23、te to satisfy therequirements of 9.4.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Test Samples:7.1.1 For each lot of fluoropolymer micropowder, collect asuitable sample for testing. The sample powder shall be at thestandard laboratory temperature of 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6Fprior to testing.7.1.2 Screen the powder through a
24、No. 10 hand sieve inorder to break up or remove any lumps. (WarningFluoropolymers can evolve small quantities of gaseous prod-ucts when heated above 200C 400F. Some of these gasescan be harmful. Exhaust ventilation must consequently be usedTABLE 1 Basic PropertiesGroup Description Class Description
25、Grade DescriptionParticle Size,AverageDiameter, mSurface Area,m2/gMelt-Flow Rate,Ag/10 minMassB01CPTFE 1 suspension based 1D1 to 1 52E10 to 25 0.8 to 4.5 0.1 102 dispersion based 1F1 to 1 52G10 to 30 4.6 to 15 0.1 103H25 to 50 4.6 to 15 1 54I50 to 150 4.6 to 15 1 53 direct polymerization 1J2 to 15 4
26、.6 to 15 1 54 reground suspension 1K1 to 1 55 reground dispersion 1L1 to 25 0.8 to 4.5 1 56 previously sintered 1M10 to 50 20 502NFEP 1 1O10 to 30 4.6 to 15 4 to 12 5AOrifice diameter of 2.0955 mm and temperature of 372C.BKilogram load on plastometer.CGroup 01 materials have a specific gravity of 2.
27、10 to 2.30 g/cm3, a water content (maximum) of 0.1 %, a melting point (peak temperature) of 315 to 340C, and abulk density of 225 to 600 g/L.DFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 1, Class A.EFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 1, Class B.FFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type
28、 I, Grade 2, Class A.GFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 2, Class B.HFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 2, Class C.IFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 2, Class D.JFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 3, Class A.KFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type
29、 I, Grade 4, Class A.LFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 4, Class B.MFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type I, Grade 5, Class A.NGroup 02 materials have a specific gravity of 2.10 to 2.20 g/cm3, a water content (maximum) of 0.1 %, a melting point (peak temperature) of 250 to 280C, and a
30、bulk density of 200 to 600 g/L.OFormerly Specification D 567595a, Type II, Grade 1, Class A.D5675042whenever the resins are heated above this temperature, as theyare during the melting operations that are part of this classifi-cation. Since the temperature of burning tobacco exceeds200C, those worki
31、ng with fluoropolymer resins shall ensurethat the tobacco is not contaminated.)8. Test Methods8.1 Melting Characteristics by Thermal Analysis:8.1.1 Significance and UseMost of the PTFE resins thatfall within the scope of this classification have never beenmelted. An exception is Group 01 Class 6 mic
32、ropowders.However, these micropowders generally do not have highermelting peak temperatures upon initial melting than uponsecond or subsequent meltings. Except for Group 01 Class 4and 5 powder, melting-peak temperatures cannot be used todetermine whether the PTFE resins have been melted previ-ously.
33、 Melting peak temperatures are used to determine theconformance of a micropowder to the melting peak tempera-ture requirements given in Table 1 of this classification.8.1.2 ApparatusUse the apparatus described in TestMethod D 4591.8.1.3 ProcedureMeasure the melting peak temperaturesin accordance wit
34、h the procedures given in Test MethodD 4591. An initial melting peak temperature above the meltingpeak temperature obtained on the second and subsequentmelting (defined as the second melting peak temperature)probably indicates that the PTFE resin is Group 01, Classes 5and 6 micropowder. The second m
35、elting peak temperatureoccurs at approximately 327C 621F. The difference be-tween the initial and second melting peak temperatures isusually greater than 5C 9F but might be slightly less. Thereis no significant difference between the initial and secondmelting peak temperatures for all of the other f
36、luoropolymermicropowders. If peak temperatures are difficult to discernfrom the curves because the peaks are rounded, draw thestraight lines tangent to the sides of the peak. The peaktemperature shall be taken to be where these lines intersectbeyond the peak.8.2 Melt Flow Rate:8.2.1 Test MethodDeter
37、mine the melt flow rate at 372 61C using a modification of the extrusion plastometer de-scribed in Test Method D 1238. Measure flow rate using a loadof 5000 or 10000 g.8.2.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall consist of an extru-sion plastometer, described in Test Method D 1238, modifiedby use of corrosio
38、n-resistant5alloy for the barrel lining, orifice,orifice securing device, and piston tip.8.2.3 Measurement of Flow RateProceed in accordancewith Test Method D 1238 using the appropriate sample weightand testing time from Table 2 of Test Method D 1238. The testtemperature shall be 372 6 1C and the lo
39、ad of 5000 or 10000g in accordance with Table 1 of this classification.8.3 Specific GravityMeasure specific gravity using theprocedures described in Test Method A of Test Method D 854,except use Isopar K6instead of water in order to provide properwetting of the powder.8.4 Water Content:8.4.1 Signifi
40、cance and UseThe presence of an excessiveamount of water in fluoropolymer resin has a significantadverse effect on the processing characteristics of the resin andthe quality of the products made using the resin. A sample ofthe powder of known weight is dried in a vacuum oven in atared aluminum weigh
41、ing dish. When the powder is dry, it isremoved from the oven, placed in a desiccator, allowed to cool,and then reweighed. The water content is calculated from theweight lost during drying.8.4.2 ApparatusUse the apparatus described in Specifica-tion D 4895.8.5 Particle SizeMeasure particle size using
42、 the proce-dures described in Test Method D 4464, except use methanolinstead of water.8.6 Surface AreaMeasure surface area using the proce-dures described in Test Method D 4567, except use a 20-mindegas period at 200C rather than 60 min at 300C.8.7 Bulk DensityMeasure bulk density using the proce-du
43、res described in Specification D 4895.9. Inspection and Certification9.1 Inspection and certification of the material supplied withreference to a specification based on this classification systemshall be for conformance to the requirements specified herein.9.2 Lot acceptance shall be the basis on wh
44、ich acceptance orrejection of the lot is made. The lot-acceptance inspection shallconsist of particle size determination.9.3 Periodic check inspection with reference to a specifica-tion based on this classification system shall consist of the testsfor all requirements of the material under the speci
45、fication.Inspection frequency shall be adequate to ensure the material iscertifiable in accordance with 9.4.9.4 Certification shall be that the material was manufacturedby a process in statistical control, sampled, tested, and in-spected in accordance with this classification system, and thatthe ave
46、rage values for the lot meet the requirements of thespecification (line callout).9.5 A report of test results shall be furnished when re-quested. The report shall consist of results of the lot acceptanceinspection for the shipment and the results of the most recentperiodic-check inspection.10. Packa
47、ging and Marking10.1 The provisions of Practice D 3892 apply to packaging,packing, and marking of containers for plastic materials.11. Keywords11.1 fluoropolymer; line callout; lubricant powder; mi-cropowder; polytetrafluoroethylene5“Stellite” Grade No. 18, Stellite Division of Cabot Corp., Kokomo,
48、IN 46901,and “Duranickel” No. 301, Huntington Alloy Co., Huntington, WV 25720, havebeen found to be resistant to fluorocarbon resins.6Isopar is available from Exxon Co. and is also used in Specification D 4895.D5675043SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of selected changes to this
49、 classification. For the convenience of the user,Committee D20 has highlighted those changes that impact the use of this classification. This section also includedescriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.D 567504:(1) Deleted the word “the” from paragraph 1.4.(2) Nonmandatory terms deleted throughout the text.D 567599a:(1) In Section 1, specified that this standard covers fluoropoly-mer micropowders that are used as lubricants.(2) In 3.2, added definitions of terms specific to this standardfor “direct p
