1、Designation: D5759 95 (Reapproved 2005) D5759 12Standard Guide forCharacterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean CoalCombustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5759; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characterization of fly ash from the co
3、mbustion of coal, fly ash from coalcombusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated withalkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash.1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test methods for fly ash evaluation. Ac
4、ceptance criteria can be negotiatedbetween the producer and the user according to the potential end use.1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of this guide do not include the following:1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, portland cement, activated clays, etc.;1.3
5、.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as thebaghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage;sewage sludge
6、 or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or other non-coalfuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or some combination thereof.1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect performance or potential end use.1.5 The values st
7、ated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, i
8、f any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C22/C22M Specification for GypsumC25 Test Methods
9、 for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklim
10、e, Hydrated Lime, and LimestoneC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC150 Specification for Portland CementC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat NeedleC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement
11、ConcreteC400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste AcidC593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil StabilizationC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC602 Specification for Agricultural Liming MaterialsC618 Specification
12、for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteD546 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving MixturesD1973 Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)3D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash (Withd
13、rawn 2001)3D3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2007)3D3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization ProcessesCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
14、19428-2959. United States1D3683 Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and Coke Ash by Atomic AbsorptionD4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash By X-Ray FluorescenceD5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil StabilizationD5681 Terminology for Waste and Wast
15、e ManagementE1266 Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other ConstructionApplications2.2 Other Document:USEPA Method 9100-SW846SW846 Method 9100 Falling Head or Constand HeadSaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, SaturatedLeachate Conductivity
16、and Intrinsic Permeability43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D5681.3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 clean coal combustionthe burning of coal, coal culm, or coal fines in a furnace designed to operate
17、to minimizeemissions (that is, a fluidized bed or aerated fluidized bed, etc.) or coal burned in the presence of alkaline materials, which combineto reduce these emissions.3.1.2 fly ash, nresidual material that exits a combustion chamber in the flue gas.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides
18、 guidance for the characterization of coal fly ash or clean coal combustion fly ash for potential uses inwhich absorption, cementitious activity, pozzolanic activity, pH adjustment, heat rise, or stabilization and solidification propertiesmay be desired.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Fly ash from coal a
19、nd clean coal combustion can be characterized by the recommended chemical tests of Table 1 and maybe characterized further by the optional chemical tests of Table 2. Limits may be specified by the purchaser if required for a specificapplication. The most recent limits established by the appropriate
20、regulatory agency shall govern if no specific parameters arerequired. See Appendix X1 for possible nonmandatory information for various end uses of fly ash.6. Physical Tests6.1 Fly ash from coal and clean coal combustion can be tested further in accordance with the optional physical tests of Table3,
21、 if required by the purchaser.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, Recoveryand Reuse.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005Sept. 1, 2012. Published March 2005November 2012. Originally app
22、roved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 19952005as D5759D5759 95 (2005).-95. DOI: 10.1520/D5759-95R05.10.1520/D5759-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume informat
23、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,online at http:/www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/9100.pdf (last accessed Feb.
24、 10, 2012Bldg. 4Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.).D5759 1227. Shipments for Delivery to Purchaser7.1 Fly ash shipped for delivery to the purchaser should be from a single combustion unit or a blend from multiple combustionunits, as agreed upon between the purcha
25、ser and the supplier, such that the delivered fly ash complies with the provisions ofSections 8 and 9 herein.8. Sampling and Testing8.1 Take individual, representative samples of at least 0.5 lb (227 g) from each 100 tons (100(90 Mg) of fly ash delivered tothe purchaser.8.2 Samples are composites of
26、 Composite samples are to be created by combining 0.5-lb (227-g) individual samples of fly ashtaken from each 100 tons (100(90 Mg) shipped. The minimum composite sample size should not be less than 8 lb (3.6 kg).Composites are to consist of nearly equal amounts from individual samples and be mixed t
27、horoughly.8.2.1 If insufficient fly ash has been shipped to comply with the composite sample requirements as listed in this section, anindividual sample, or samples, may be used if agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. These samples should be atleast 1 lb (454 g) and may represent less
28、 than 100 tons (100(90 Mg) shipped.8.3 The recommended tests of Table 1 are performed on a sample of at least 1 lb (454 g) composited of individual shipmentsamples, at a frequency no less than semiannual when at least 100 tons (100(90 Mg) of fly ash have been shipped to a purchaser.8.4 For limits as
29、 required by the purchaser from Table 2 and Table 3, optional tests may be performed on the followingfrequency unless otherwise agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser prior to shipment:8.4.1 Every 2000 tons (2000(1800 Mg) shipped,8.4.2 A calendar month during which at least 100 tons (100
30、(90 Mg) of fly ash have been shipped to a purchaser.TABLE 1 Recommended Chemical TestsTest Method Component(s) LimitAC114 sulfur trioxide (SO3),%BC311 moisture content, %C311 loss on ignition, %C114, D2795, D3682,orD4326calcium oxide (CaO),%D2795, D3682, orD4326magnesium oxide (MgO), %C114, D2795, D
31、3682,or D4326magnesium oxide (MgO), %C114, D2795, D3682,or D4326silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminum oxide(Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3), %D4326 (Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3), %A On specific projects, a minimum or maximum may be applicable.B Fly ash replaces hydraulic cement in method.TABLE 2 Opt
32、ional Chemical TestsA (Limits to be Specified Only ifApplicable, by the Purchaser)Test Method Component(s) LimitBC25 available lime index (ALI), %CC311 available alkalies as Na2O, %C400 pHDC602 calcium carbonate equivalent (CaCO3 ), %D3178 carbon (C),%D3683 trace elements (totals) (for example, sulf
33、ide,sulfite, and sulfate)D3683 trace elements (totals) (for example, sulfide,sulfite, and sulfate)A Individual requirements may be specified by the purchaser if applicable to theproject for which fly ash is to be used.B On specific projects, a minimum or maximum may be applicable.C Fly ash replaces
34、limestone in analysis.D Fly ash replaces quicklime in method.D5759 1239. Test Method9.1 Testing is conducted in accordance with the appropriate sections of the ASTM standards, or noted modifications, indicatedin Table 1, the optional Table 2 and Table 3, and the nonmandatory information of Appendix
35、X1, as specified by the purchaser.Individual tests may be selected from Table 2 and Table 3 and Appendix X1 according to the need of the user.10. Inspection and Rejection10.1 Upon agreement with the supplier, the purchaser should establish the criteria for inspection and testing. The criteria forrej
36、ection should be based on the ability of the material to comply with the appropriate specifications as referenced by the purchaser.11. Compliance and Certification11.1 Fly ash sampling and testing pursuant to Section 8 may be performed as the fly ash is produced or shipped, or both.Certification of
37、compliance should be provided by the supplier with shipments of fly ash shipped from the production site, at thepurchasers request. If requested by the purchaser, test results on samples of the fly ash shipped should be sent to the purchaseras soon as they are available.12. Retention of Test Samples
38、12.1 Samples shall be retained in airtight containers. Sample retention times are permissible if agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier prior to shipment.12.2 It is suggested that test data records should be maintained for a period of three years.13. Keywords13.1 characterization of clean
39、 coal combustion fly ash; characterization of clean coal fly ash; characterization of coal fly ash;fly ash for potential useTABLE 3 Optional Physical TestsA (To be Specified Only asRequired by the Purchaser)Test Method Component(s)C109/C109M compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars,psiBC110
40、heat rise (slaking rate), CCC191 time of set, minBC311 amount retained on No. 325 sieve, %C311 strength activity index with portland cement7 days, % of control28 days, % of controlC311 water requirement, % of controlDC311 specific gravityC311 increase in drying shrinkage, %C311 reactivity with cemen
41、t alkalies, mortar expansion, %of controlC311 reactivity with cement alkali, mortar expansion, % ofcontrolC311 soundnessC593 amount retained on No. 200 sieve,%C593 amount retained on No. 30 sieve, %C593 lime pozzolan strength 7 days, psilime pozzolan strength 28 days, psiUSEPA Method 9100-SW846USEPA
42、 SW846 Method 9100A Individual requirements may be specified by the purchaser if applicable to theproject for which fly ash is to be used.B Modification of Test Method C109/C109M to approximate proportion(s) of fly ashinstead of cement; or fly ash in combination with other materials to be used on th
43、eproject (that is, cement, lime, etc.) should be used.C Modify Test Methods C110 to a proportion of fly ash instead of lime. The fly ashto water ratio may need to be modified further to obtain measurable results.D Comparisons of water requirements to a control material, used at an equal flow,may be
44、useful to determine the relative water requirement.D5759 124APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. POTENTIAL END USEASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly ad
45、vised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eithe
46、r reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.
47、If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Indiv
48、idual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured f
49、rom the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE X1.1 Potential End UseASuggested ReferencedDocumentsBWasteTreatmentHazardWaste TreatmentSoilAmendmentSoilStabilalizationMineralFillerPozzolanicLinersSlurryWallCementProductConcreteProductGypsumProductUSEPA Method 9100-SW846X XUSEPA SW846Method 9100X XSpecification C22/C22M X X X XTest Methods C25 X XTest Method C109/C109M X X X X XTest Methods C110 X X X XTest Methods C114 X X X X XSpecification C150 XTest Method C191 X XTest Methods C311 X X XTest Method C400 X X XSpecification C593 XSpecification C595 XSpecificati
