1、Designation: D 5760 05An American National StandardStandard Specification forPerformance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification lists the test methods and acceptancecriteria for determining the acceptability o
3、f lubricants used innonsynchronized heavy duty manual transmission.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion fromPetroleum
4、 Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish TestD 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating OilsD 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing LoadCapacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D 5579 Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability ofManual Transmission Lubricants In a Cyclic Dura
5、bilityTestD 5662 Test Method for Determining Automotive Gear OilCompatibility with Typical Oil Seal ElastomersD 5704 Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal andOxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for ManualTransmissions and Final Drive Axles2.2 Federal Standards:3Federal Standard No. 791C
6、, Method 3430.2 CompatibilityCharacteristics of Universal Gear Lubricants4Federal Standard No. 791C, Method 3440.1 Storage Solu-bility Characteristics of Universal Gear Lubricants42.3 Military Standard:4MIL-PRF-2105E Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific
7、to This Standard:3.1.1 nonsynchronized transmission, na transmissionhaving no means for synchronizing the speeds of engagingelements. Typical heavy-duty manual transmissions have nosuch means for gear engagement by the shift lever, but mayhave such means for pneumatic engagement of auxiliary rangege
8、ars.3.1.2 oil seal compatibility, nin lubricants for lubricatingmanual transmissions and final drive axles, prevention ofchemical or thermal degradation of seal elastomers typicallyobserved as hardening, cracking, or excessive swelling in amanner which would result in oil leakage.3.1.3 thermal oxida
9、tion, nin lubricants used for lubricat-ing manual transmissions and final drive axles, deterioration ofthe lubricant under high-temperature conditions which isobserved as viscosity increase of the lubricant, insolublesformation in the lubricant, deposit formation on the parts, orcombination thereof.
10、4. Performance Classification4.1 MT-1The temporary designation MT-1 has been as-signed to identify the category for manual transmissions, apartfrom API Service Category GL-4. (See Appendix X1 forbackground information on this category.)5. Performance Requirements5.1 MT-1 performance requirements for
11、 candidate gearlubricants are provided in Table 1.6. Number of Tests and Retests6.1 Test Method D 5704In determining whether an oilmeets the required limits the following rules shall apply:6.1.1 No more than three operationally valid tests are to beconducted for compliance testing.6.1.2 L-60 data us
12、ed for MT-1 approval may not be gener-ated prior to Test Monitoring Center (TMC)5calibration of thestand for all MT-1 parameters. Stand bias adjustment factorsbased on reference oil test results will be applied whenappropriate.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPet
13、roleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D 5760 95e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
14、website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Information available from Commanding Officer,Army Materials and Mechan-ics Research Center, Attention: AMX
15、MR-TMS, Watertown, MA 02127.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.5ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152064489.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.3 After applying any appropriate stand bias adjustmentfactors, the first test shall meet or exceed all limits.6.1.4 After two tests, the average of the two results on allparameters shall meet or exceed the limits.6.1.5 After three tests, one tes
17、t is excluded in its entirety.The average of the two results on all parameters shall meet orexceed the limits.6.2 Test Method D 5662This test method includes mul-tiple test samples. No additional rules regarding multipletesting have been defined. Data are to be reported to the TestMonitoring Center.
18、6.3 Test Method D 5579:6.3.1 No more than four operationally valid tests are to beconducted for compliance testing.6.3.2 The four allowed tests can be conducted on anycombination of test stands approved and referenced by theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).6.3.3 If two test results are obtained, ea
19、ch of which is equalto or less than the mean minus the pooled standard deviationfor all calibrated test stands in the industry, the fluid isdisqualified. The pooled standard deviation is available fromthe TMC.6.3.4 A test result that meets or exceeds the mean of the lastfive reference oil (TMC Code
20、151) test results which have beenaccepted by the TMC for calibration of the test stand isconsidered a pass.7. Keywords7.1 cyclic durability; manual transmissions; MT-1; oil seal;thermal oxidation; thermal stabilityTABLE 1 MT-1 Category Tests and Acceptance CriteriaTest Item Minimum MaximumTest Metho
21、d D 5704 forAViscosity increase, % . 100 %Pentane insolubles, % . 3.0 %Toluene insolubles, % . 2.0 %Carbon/varnish rating 7.5 .Sludge rating 9.4 .Test Method D 5662BPolyacrylate 150C, 240 hElongation, change % no limit 60Hardness change, points 35 +5.0Volume change, % 5 +30Fluoroelastomer 150C, 240
22、hElongation change, % no limit 75Hardness change, points, 5 +10Volume change, % 5 +15Test Method D 5579Cbetter than passingreference oilD.Test Method D 130 . 2aTest Method D 5182Failing load stage 11 .Test Method D 892 foam tendency onlySequence I, mL . 20Sequence II, mL . 50Sequence III, mL . 20Fed
23、eral Test Method 791C, Method3430.2compatible withMIL-PRF-2105EoilsE.Federal Test Method 791C, Method3440.1passF.ATest Method D 5704 successfully completed Subcommittee D02.B0 ballot onJune 23, 1994. The evolution of test stands and data used to develop limits isdefined in Research Report D02-1353.
24、As stated in 6.1.2/L-60-1 data used forMT-1 approval may not be generated prior to TMC calibration of the stand for allMT-1 parameters.BTest Method D 5662 successfully completed Subcommittee D02.B0 ballot onJune 23, 1994. The evolution of data used to develop limits is defined in ResearchReport D02-
25、1348.CTest Method D 5579 successfully completed Committee D02 ballot of June 24,1994.DDefined by the mean of five prior tests of TMC 151 Reference Oil in observedstand.EShall be compatible with specific reference oils when tested in accordancewith Federal Test Method 791C, Method 3430.2. Reference o
26、ils may be obtainedfrom SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.FShall pass the performance requirements as specified in the MIL-PRF-2105Ewhen tested in accordance with 791C, Method 3440.1.D5760052APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MT-1 RATIONALEX1.1 In 1986, Eaton Corporation, through
27、the Society forAutomotive Engineers (SAE), outlined the trucking industrysneed for a gear lubricant category which would provideperformance characteristics essential to ensure optimum ser-vice life for heavy-duty manual transmissions. This requestwas supported by all major North American commercialt
28、ransmission builders.X1.2 During the same period user surveys indicated that theclass of oils typically used in manual transmissions was notalways in compliance with the builders primary recommen-dations. API GL-5 gear oils or multigrade engine oils were thepopular choice of users due to their desir
29、e to inventory and usetwo shop oils, engine and gear. Some of these oils were foundto perform satisfactorily while others presented problems. Inextreme cases, some API GL-5 oils were reported to cause oilseal failures due to coking/hard deposits or severe oil sludgingat mileages below realistic drai
30、n intervals, or both.X1.3 Using feedback from equipment builders, SAE out-lined several lubricant performance characteristics which theybelieved were vital to ensure that their goals for optimumtransmission service life would be met. These characteristicsincluded the following:(1) Fluid thermal stab
31、ility/component cleanliness,(2) Oil seal compatibility, and(3) Brass (copper) component compatibility.X1.4 ASTM was then requested to identify or develop testssuitable to assess the preceding performance characteristics. Inthe process, the proposed categorys performance test matrixwas expanded to in
32、clude properties in addition to thoseoriginally defined in order to ensure that a performancebalanced lubricant would be provided to users. The addedproperties included antiwear, foam control, and lubricantcompatibility. A full-scale transmission test was also includedto reaffirm the high-temperatur
33、e lubricant performance capa-bilities of MT-1. This test correlates with field service and alsoensures satisfactory performance with plate-type synchroniz-ers.X1.5 The tests and acceptance criteria defined by thisspecification are the result of specification and test methoddevelopment work within AS
34、TM. The introduction of this newcategory will allow OEMs to specify gear oils for manualtransmissions that can be made available either as dedicatedfluids (MT-1) or multipurpose fluids (that is, API GL-5/MT-1).Oils meeting MT-1 performance definition will satisfy OEMobjectives for optimum transmissi
35、on performance and servicelife. This has been achieved by combining in a single lubricantthe cleanliness and oil seal life typical of engine oils with theload carrying characteristics of gear oils.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectio
36、n with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible
37、technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid
38、eration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Bar
39、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5760053
