1、Designation: D5797 15Standard Specification forFuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbonsfor use in
3、ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignitionengines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the prop-erties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in thedevelopment of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The va
4、lues given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portionsAnnex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, andAppendix X2 of this specification.This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It
5、is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2,3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 T
6、est Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D872 Test Method for Test for Sul
7、fonation Index of RoadTars (Withdrawn 1991)4D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfu
8、r in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum
9、ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use
10、 asAnalytical StandardsD4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas ChromatographicResponse FactorsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD4929 Test
11、 Methods for Determination of Organic ChlorideContent in Crude OilD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method) (Wi
12、thdrawn 2012)41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsi-bility of Subcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Ori
13、ginallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5797 13. DOI:10.1520/D5797-15.2Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwisespecified.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service
14、astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internati
15、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil b
16、y Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fis
17、cherTitrationE355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-shipsE1145 Specification for Denatured Ethyl Alcohol, Formula3a (Withdrawn 1993)43. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 finished fuel, na homogeneous mixture of blend-stocks and
18、fuel additives meeting all specification and regula-tory requirements for its intended use at the location wheresold.3.2.2 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3OH.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 aliphatic etheran oxygen-containing, ashless, or-ganic compound in
19、 which the oxygen atom is interposedbetween two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the generalformula CnH2n+2O with n being 5 to 8, and in which the carbonatoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings.3.3.1.1 DiscussionAliphatic compounds can be straight orbranched chains and saturated or
20、unsaturated. The term ali-phatic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to thesaturated compounds.3.3.2 fuel methanol (M70-M85)a blend of methanol andhydrocarbons of which the methanol portion is nominally 70 to85 volume %.3.3.3 higher alcoholsaliphatic alcohols of the generalformula CnH2
21、 n+1OH with n being 2 to 8.3.3.4 hydrocarbonthose components in a methanol-hydrocarbon blend that contain only hydrogen and carbon.4. Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) Performance Requirements4.1 Fuel methanol (M70-M85) shall conform to the require-ments in Table 1.NOTE 1Most of the requirements cited in Tabl
22、e 1 are based on the besttechnical information currently available regarding the performance ofthese fuels in current technology vehicles. Requirements for sulfur,phosphorus, and lead are based on the use of gasoline defined inSpecification D4814 understanding that control of these elements willaffe
23、ct catalyst lifetime. The lead maximum is limited for Class 1 and Class2 fuels to the lower limit of the test method. As greater experience isgained from field use of M70-M85 vehicles, and further vehicle hardwaredevelopments for the use of higher methanol content fuels occurs, it isexpected that ma
24、ny of these requirements will change.4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climaticchanges by providing three vapor pressure classes for M70-M85. The seasonal and geographic distribution for the threevapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class 1 encom-passes geographical areas with 6
25、 h tenth-percentile minimumambient temperature of greater than 5 C (41 F). Class 2encompasses geographical areas with 6 h tenth-percentileminimum temperatures of greater than 5 C (23 F) but lessthan +5 C. Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6 htenth-percentile minimum ambient temperature les
26、s than orequal to 5 C.4.1.2 The hydrocarbons used shall have a final maximumboiling point of 225 C (437 F) by Test Method D86, oxida-tion stability of 240 min minimum by Test Method D525, andNo. 1 maximum copper strip corrosion by Test Method D130.The hydrocarbons may contain aliphatic ethers as ble
27、ndingcomponents as are customarily used for automotive fuel.4.1.3 Use of unprotected aluminum in fuel methanol (M70-M85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduceinsoluble aluminum compounds into the fuel causing pluggedvehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggeratedeven
28、 with protected aluminum by elevated fuel conductivitycaused by contact with a nitrile rubber dispensing hose.Therefore, unprotected aluminum and an unlined nitrile rubberdispensing hose should be avoided in fuel methanol (M70-M85) distribution and dispensing systems.55AmericanAutomobile Manufacture
29、rsAssociation, “Fuel Methanol Compatibil-ity Standards and Dispensing Equipment List for M85 Fueled Vehicles,” October1994.TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)Properties Class 1AClass 2 Class 3Methanol + higher alcohols, min,volume%84 80 70Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether,volume%1416 1420 143
30、0Vapor pressure, kPa 4862 6283 83103(psi) 7.09.0 9.012.0 12.015.0Lead, max, mg/L 2.6 2.6 3.9Phosphorus, max, mg/L 0.2 0.3 0.4Sulfur, max, mg/kg 160 200 300All ClassesHigher alcohols (C2C8), max,volume %2Acidity, as acetic acid, max,mg/kg50Solvent washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5Unwashed gum conten
31、t, max,mg/100 mL20Total chlorine as chlorides, max,mg/kg2Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1Water, max, mass% 0.5Appearance This product shall be visibly free ofsuspended or precipitated contaminants (clearand bright). This shall be determined atindoor ambient temperatures unless otherwiseagreed upon b
32、etween the supplier and thepurchaser.ASee 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.D5797 152TABLE 2 Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)NOTE 1This schedule is subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel
33、at the time and placeof bulk delivery to fuel dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.State January February March April May June July August September October November DecemberAlabama 2 2 2 2 2/1 11111/222AlaskaSouthern Region 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
34、3South Mainland 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3 3ArizonaN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S34Latiude2222/1111111/22Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 11111/22 /33CaliforniaANorth Coast 2 22222/11111/222South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1111 /33Southeast 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Interio 222222/1111/22Col
35、oradoE of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3W of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Connecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Delaware 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3FloridaNof29Latiude2222/1111111/222S 22/1111111111/Georgia 3
36、 3/2 2 2/1 111111/222/3Hawaii 1 11111111111Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3IllinoisN of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Ken
37、tucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 111111/22Maine 3 3 33/ 22/111/22233 3Maryland 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3MichiganLower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Upper Michigan 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Minnesota 3 3 3 3 3/2
38、 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Misip 2222/1111111/22Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Montana 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3NevadaN of 38 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 38 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2
39、2/3 3 3New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New MexicoN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S34Latiude33 /22/1111111/2/New YorkN of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3North Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3North Dakota 3 3
40、 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Ohio 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Oklahoma 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3OregonE of 122 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3W of 122 Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3PennsylvaniaN of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2
41、/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3South Carolina 2 2 2 2/1 111111/22South Dakota 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3TexasN of 31 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3S31Latiude222 /1111111/22D5797 1535. Workmanship5.1 The finished f
42、uel blend shall be visually free ofsediment, suspended or undissolved matter. It shall be clear andbright at the fuel temperature at the point of custody transfer orat a lower temperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.NOTE 2Finished fuel should be resistant to phase separation orundissolve
43、d matter at the lowest temperatures to which it is likely to besubjected, dependent on the time and place of its intended use. SeeSpecification D4814, Table X7.1 for guidance.NOTE 3Solubility is temperature dependent. As this fuel cools, somehigh molecular weight additives can become insoluble.5.2 T
44、he specification defines only a basic purity for FuelMethanol (M70M85). The product shall be free of anyadulterant or contaminant that can render the material unac-ceptable for its commonly used applications.5.2.1 Manufacturers and blenders of Fuel Methanol(M70M85) shall avoid methanol (for example,
45、 improperlyrecycled methanol), or hydrocarbon blend components con-taminated by silicon-containing materials, or both. Siliconcontamination of gasoline, denatured ethanol, and their blendshas led to fouled vehicle components (for example, sparkplugs, exhaust oxygen sensors, catalytic converters) req
46、uiringparts replacement and repairs. Test Method D7757 is a proce-dure for determining silicon that might be applicable to FuelMethanol (M70M85). No specification limits have beenestablished for silicon.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The reader is strongly advised to review all inte
47、nded testmethods prior to sampling to better understand the importanceand effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate
48、 procedures in Practice D4057 for manual methodsampling and in Practice D4177 for automatic sampling asapplicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container selectionfor tes
49、ts sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD5854 for procedures on container selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, M70M85 should besampled in glass containers. If samples must be collected inmetal containers, do not use soldered metal containers. This isbecause the soldering flux in the containers and the lead in thesolder can contaminate the sample. Plastic containers should beavoided.6.4 A minimum sample size of about 1 L (1 qt) is recom-mended.7. Test Methods7.1 Determine the requirements enum
