1、Designation: D5798 12D5798 13Standard Specification forEthanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification co
3、vers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in ground vehiclesequipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains 51 to 83 volume% ethanol. This fuel is for use in flexible-fuel vehicles and is somet
4、imes referred to at retail as “Ethanol Flex-Fuel.” Appendix X1discusses the significance of the properties specified.1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lowertemperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fuel vehicle operab
5、ility. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock areadjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements. Hydrocarbon blendstocks for meeting ethanol fuel blendsperformance requirements are unleaded gasoline, gasoline blendstocks for oxygenate blending (BOBs), natural gaso
6、line or otherhydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range.1.3 This specification formerly covered Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also knowncommercially as E85. The nomenclature “fuel ethanol” has been changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish this product fromden
7、atured fuel ethanol Specification D4806. To facilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonal vapor pressurerequirements, a new lower minimum ethanol content has been established.1.4 The United States government has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definiti
8、ons of alternativefuel used by these programs may be more restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 for additionalinformation on alternative fuels containing ethanol.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are f
9、or information only.1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish a
10、ppropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products
11、by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD1688 Test M
12、ethods for Copper in WaterD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Pro
13、ducts and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012May 1, 2013. Published February 2013June 2013. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 asD579811.12. DOI: 10.15
14、20/D5798-12.10.1520/D5798-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM sta
15、ndard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cas
16、es only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4177 Practice
17、for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use asAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4814 Specification for Auto
18、motive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5453 Tes
19、t Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by GasChromatographyD5854 Practi
20、ce for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by D
21、irectInjection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver byAutomotive Spar
22、k-Ignition Engine FuelThin Silver StripMethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver Strip MethodD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by TitrationE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE1064 Test Me
23、thod for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Government Standards:4United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 802.3 SAE Papers:5SAE 2007014006 A Model for Estimating Vapor Pressures of Commingled Ethanol Fuels3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, ref
24、er to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer
25、 to comply with the approved formula; any materials absorbed laterare not denaturants. D48063.2.2 denatured fuel ethanolfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s) approvedby the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol t
26、ax. D48063.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH. D48063.2.4 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for useas a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143.2.5 hydrocarbon, na compound compos
27、ed solely of hydrogen and carbon.3.2.6 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compound CH3OH.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 flexible-fuel vehicle, na vehicle designed to operate on either unleaded gasoline or ethanol fuel blends or mixtures ofboth.3.3.1.1 Discussion3 The l
28、ast approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol Street,N.W., Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online st
29、ore at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.5 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D5798 132In the United States, these vehicles have U.S. EPA emi
30、ssions certifications using gasoline complying with U.S. EPA requirementsand ethanol fuel blends that meet the requirements of Specification D5798.3.3.2 hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon blendstock, na compound blending component composed solely of hydrogen and carbon.ofhydrocarbons which boil in the gasolin
31、e temperature distillation range and trace amounts of naturally occurring compounds oradditives composed of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.3.3.2.1 DiscussionThe hydrocarbons used in ethanol fuel blends will be unleaded gasoline, gasoline blendstock for oxyge
32、nate blending (BOB),natural gasoline or other hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range. The hydrocarbon blend components will also contain tracequantities of other elements.3.3.3 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of alcohol fuels.4. Ordering Information4.1 The purchasing agency shall:4.1.1 Indi
33、cate the season and locality in which the fuel is to be used,4.1.2 If requested, ensure that the ethanol concentration meets the requirements for an alternative fuel for federal fleets.4.1.2.1 The composition of alternative fuels in the United States is regulated by various government agencies and r
34、egulationsincluding the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA). With regard to fuel propertiesincluding volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than DOE or EPA rules, regulations and waivers. To qualifyas an alternative fuel for federal f
35、leet use in the United States, the ethanol blend is required to meet the U.S. Department ofEnergys definition of alternative fuels, enacted under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Title III, Sec. 301). For ethanol, the Actdefines “alternative fuel” as a mixture containing denatured ethanol at a volume
36、of “85 percent or more (or such other percentage,but not less than 70 percent, as determined by the Secretary, by rule.).” Correcting for denaturant content, a blend of 70 to 85volume % denatured fuel ethanol contains 68 to 83 volume % ethanol as measured by Test Method D5501. The U.S. governmenthas
37、 other programs and definitions for alternative fuels. Users of this specification are advised to check with the applicableregulatory agency for specific alternative fuel requirements.4.1.2.2 Users of this specification are advised to check with the applicable regulatory agency for specific alternat
38、ive fuelrequirements.5. Ethanol Fuel Blends Performance Requirements5.1 Ethanol Fuel Blends shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.TABLE 1 Requirements for Ethanol Fuel BlendsAcolwidth=“0.56in“/COLSPECProperties Class 1B Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Test MethodsVapor pressure, kPa (psi) 3859(5.58.5
39、)4865(7.09.5)5983(8.512.0)66103(9.515.0)D4953, D5190, or D5191Vapor pressure, kPa (psi) 3862(5.59.0)4865(7.09.5)5983(8.512.0)66103(9.515.0)D4953, D5190, or D5191All ClassesCEthanol Content, volume % 5183 D5501Water Content, max, mass % 1.0 E203 or E1064Methanol Content, max, volume % 0.5 D5501Sulfur
40、 Content, max, mg/kg 80 D5453Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH),mass % (mg/L), max0.005 (40) D1613 or D7795Solvent-washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5 D381pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20 D381Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20 D381pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Inorganic chloride cont
41、ent, max,mg/kg1 D7319 or D7328Copper content, max, mg/L 0.07 D1688Water content, max, mass % 1.0 E203 or E1064A For information on alternative fuels, see 4.1.2.1.B See 5.1.15.3.1 for volatility class criteria.C Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock are adjusted by the blender to me
42、et vapor pressure requirements. See X1.3.2 for additional information andguidance for blending.D5798 1335.1.1 The components used to produce Ethanol Fuel Blends are limited to denatured fuel ethanol and hydrocarbon blendstockas defined in 5.2.5.1.2 The intentional addition of lead or phosphorus comp
43、ounds to ethanol fuel blends is not permitted.5.2 Hydrocarbon Blendstock blended with the denatured fuel ethanol shall meet the requirements of Table 2.5.2.1 The hydrocarbon blendstock may be unleaded gasoline, gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB), naturalgasoline or other hydrocarbons i
44、n the gasoline boiling range.5.3 Ethanol fuel blends shall conform to the requirements of Vapor pressure is varied Table 1. Ethanol content requirements forethanol alternative fuel blends can be found infor seasonal and climatic changes by providing four vapor 4.1.2.1.pressure classesfor ethanol fue
45、l blends.NOTE 1Most of the requirements cited are based on the best technical information currently available. Requirements for sulfur, phosphorus, and leadare based on the use of gasoline defined in Specification D4814 and the understanding that control of these elements will affect catalyst lifeti
46、me.5.3.1 Class 1 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C(41F).5.3.2 Class 2 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C(23F) but less than or equal to 5C (41F).5.3.3 Vapo
47、r pressure is varied for seasonal and climatic changes by providing four vapor pressure classes for ethanol fuel blends.The seasonal and geographical distribution for four vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class 1 encompasses geographicalareas with 6-h tenth percentile minimum ambient temp
48、erature of greater than 5C (41F). Class 2 encompasses geographical areaswith 6-h tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C (23F) but less than +5C (41F). Class Class 3encompasses geographical areas with 6-h6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature greater than 13C (9F
49、) but lessthan or equal to 5C (23F). Class 4 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature lessthan or equal to 13C (9F).5.3.4 Class 4 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature less than or equal to13C (9F).5.3.5 The hydrocarbons blended with the denatured fuel ethanol shall have a maximum boiling point of 225C (437F) by TestMethodThere is a 10 % probability that the highest temperature of the six coldest consecutive hourly D86,
