1、Airspace Concept Evaluation System- State of DevelopmentPOC: Kee Palopo Kee.Paloponasa.gov 10 December 2008,Outline,Process Requirements Development ACES 6.0 (Near-term Capabilities) Studies Using ACES Planned ACES Development,Requirements Process,Project Driven (milestones and principal investigato
2、rs) Review Branch and Division Start with Research Question Experiment Plan Meetings Workshops and Conferences Request For Proposals,Development Phases,Main Build,FAA, Glenn, JPDO, Langley, Others,One Year,Requirements*,Build N+1,Build N,*includes enhancement and maintenance,ACES 6.0,Communication,
3、Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) models with uncertainty Advanced Airspace Concept (AAC) Pre-computed schedule of sector capacities Dynamic Sub-sector Assignment Swappable Trajectory Generator Traffic Management Advisor ACES-FACET,Studies Using ACES,S. Karahan, S. Zelinski, “Creating Convective We
4、ather Scenarios for Simulating Weather Reroutes,” AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit,” AIAA 2007-6557 Hilton Head, South Carolina Aug. 20-23, 2007 R. Windhorst, H. Erzberger, “Fast-Time Simulation of an Automated Conflict Detection and Resolution Concept,” 6th AIAA Avia
5、tion Technology, Integration and Operations Conference (ATIO), Wichita, Kansas, Sept. 25-27, 2006,Studies Using ACES (contd),S. Zelinski, L. Meyn, “Validating the Airspace Concept Evaluation System for Different Weather Days,” AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit, Keyston
6、e, Colorado, Aug. 21-24, 2006 K. Palopo, R. Windhorst, B. Musaffar, M. Refai, “Economic and Safety Impacts of Flight Routing in the National Airspace System,” 7th AIAA ATIO Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Sept. 18-20, 2007,Studies Using ACES (contd),G. Chatterji, Y. Zheng, “Impact of Airport
7、Capacity Constraints on National Airspace System Delays,” 7th AIAA ATIO Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Sep. 18-20, 2007 S. Sahlman, “Description and Analysis of a High Fidelity Airspace Model for the Airspace Concept Evaluation System,” AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference an
8、d Exhibit, Hilton Head, South Carolina, Aug. 20-23, 2007,Ongoing Studies Using ACES,Nation-wide Separation Assurance using AAC Single-center NAS-wide 42K flights 24 hours 25 hours on one high-end Mac Wind-Optimal Study Annual basis 1X traffic 4 hours on 7 Linux machines Plot by airlines,Conflicts Ty
9、pes and Resolution Order,Auto resolver is designed to resolve three types of conflicts: Loss of separation conflicts Weather conflicts Arrival sequencing conflicts An aircraft may be involved with all three types at the same time,Source: Dr. Heinz Erzberger,Conflicts Types and Resolution Order (cont
10、d),Auto resolver resolves conflicts in the following sequence: Weather conflicts Arrival sequencing conflicts Loss of separation conflicts,Flow Chart for Algorithm,Input Conflict Pair,4D Trajectory Synthesizer,Traj. completed?,Check traj. for conflicts,Conflicts detected ?,Yes,No,Yes,Res. Traj. acce
11、pted,No,Resolution Maneuver Generator,Formulas and logic for calculating simplified resolution traj.,Heavy duty numerical calculations,Resolution Process,Current list of conflicts,Pick next conflict for resolution,Resolution algorithm,Weather conflict?,Secondary conflict?,Update flight plan,Execute
12、resolution,Yes,Yes,No,No,Updated at regular intervals,Priority based on time to first loss,Generates multiple resolutions for each aircraft; special rules for weather conflicts,Current flight plan is replaced with resolution flight plan,Continue this loop until all conflicts are resolved,An algorith
13、m that generates resolution trajectories for the full spectrum of possible conflicts has been designed Simultaneously resolves conflicts with convective weather, loss of separation conflicts and sequencing conflicts. Algorithm comprises a mix of rule-based procedures and analytical formulas. ACES ha
14、s proven to be a valuable tool for development and analysis of algorithm,AAC Remarks,AAC Remarks (contd),Real time controller and pilot interactive simulations have demonstrated high degree of controller and pilot acceptance at up to 3x traffic levels. Web-based documentation of software has been de
15、veloped to assist in technology transfer to users,Another Separation Assurance Study,Trajectory prediction uncertainties for AAC: Aircraft weight Descent profile Wind uncertainty Maneuver initiation delays Aircraft-based AAC Multi-center AAC,Source: Dr. Todd Lauderdale,Trajectory Prediction Uncertai
16、nties,Can introduce uncertainties into the trajectory used for conflict prediction Uncertainties can be controlled and understood,Actual,Predicted,Predicted,Actual,Aircraft-Based AAC,Each aircraft is aware of all aircraft in the sensor range r Each aircraft uses AAC to resolve conflicts of which the
17、y are aware,r,Aircraft-based AAC Unresolved Conflicts,Aircraft-based AAC Time to First Loss,Aircraft-based AAC- Run Time,Multi-Center AAC,AAC can run in multiple centers simultaneously A buffer of control and visibility can be established around each center,ZOB AAC,ZID AAC,ZDC AAC,Planned ACES Devel
18、opment,Integrate enhanced terminal model TME/STLE into ACES 7-11 Port and Enhance Weather Agent Enhance Traffic Flow Management (TFM) Other Model Enhancements Metric Enhancements (Dynamic Density, Complexity, and AAC),Planned ACES Development (contd),Miscellaneous Supporting Tools Terminal Area and
19、Airport Surface Editor ACES Viewer Development with Air Force Research Laboratory ACES Toolbox Enhancements,STLE Surface Modeling,Automated Terminal Area Node-link Generator,Example TAASE Editor View,Enhanced Terminal Modeling,Airport Air Traffic Control Model 4D Traffic Movement on Surface Determin
20、e runway takeoffs/landing and gate entries/exits Airport TFM Generate TFM Landing Restrictions TRACON TFM Propagate Arrival Fix Crossing Restrictions,Enhanced Terminal Modeling (contd),TRACON Air Traffic Control Model 4D Traffic Movement through Terminal Airspace Determine Airport Landing/Departure
21、Fix Crossings Flight 4D Trajectory for Terminal/En Route Airspace,Airport Air Traffic Control,Surface 4D route/re-route planning with/without Required Time of Arrivals Surface 4D route/re-route and clearance limit assignment Surface domain representation: Gate, Ramp, Taxiway, Runway Gate assignment
22、and occupancy management Ramp and Taxiway intersection transit control with gridlock resolution,Airport Air Traffic Control (contd),Takeoff runway assignment Runway takeoff/landing/taxi crossing transit control Surface transit Required Time of Arrival conformance monitoring/alerting Surface traffic
23、state monitoring/alerting,Airport Air Traffic Control (contd),Autonomous flight movement with aircraft in-trail self-separation Acceleration/Deceleration Nominal Roll/Stochastic speed assignment subject to speed limit,Airport Traffic Flow Management,Gate assignment and occupancy time prediction Runw
24、ay assignment prediction Surface 4D route prediction with/without Required Time of Arrivals Traffic Flow Management Runway takeoff/landing planning Takeoff-time Traffic Flow Management Restriction generation,Airport ATC/TFM Utilities,Gate selector Runway selector Surface prescribed route assigner Su
25、rface shortest path calculator Air Traffic Control Runway takeoff/landing planner,TRACON Air Traffic Control,Terminal airspace 4D route/re-route planning with/without Required Time of Arrivals Terminal airspace 4D route/re-route and clearance limit assignment Landing runway assignment Airspace fix t
26、ransit control Airspace transit Required Time of Arrivals conformance monitoring/alerting Airspace traffic state monitoring/alerting,TRACON Traffic Flow Management,Terminal airspace 4D route prediction with/without Required Time of Arrivals Arrival/Departure fix crossing planning Airports operating
27、conditions forecasting Airports runway configuration planning Arrival fix crossing-time Traffic Flow Management Restriction propagation,MPAS Improvements,Make stable at aircraft minimum speed Model short flights and low-altitude tower en route flights Integrate Flight Management System generated ver
28、tical trajectories to meet restrictions Support holding patterns Pluggable,Flight Management System,Generate vertical trajectories from route, time, speed, and altitude restrictions Model vertical profiles for jet, turboprop, and piston aircraft Interface with surface movement model at the runway threshold Pluggable,Concluding Remarks,Requirements are gathered from project investigators and researchers and incorporated into development Studies go on in parallel ACES is in active development at one-year cycles Main trunk Branches of parallel development,
