1、Designation: D5828 97 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forCompatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) andEngine Coolant Concentrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONSupplemental coolant additives (SCAs) are used to impart special properties, usua
3、lly resistance tocavitation corrosion, to engine coolants used in diesel engines with replaceable cylinder liner sleeves.Engines with this design require additives that are not normally found in commercial engine coolantconcentrates.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the compat-ibi
4、lity of commercial SCA and commercial ethylene andpropylene glycol engine coolant concentrates. This test methodfocuses on the solubility of specific chemical species formed inthe engine coolant. The short duration of the test (24 h), amongother restrictions, makes the test method of limited use for
5、sorting out a variety of chemical compatibility problems inwhich a component of the SCA may react with a component ofthe coolant additive package. The test as currently written alsodoes not deal with the issue of hard water compatibility, inwhich a component of the coolant or SCA additive packagerea
6、cts with the hardness (Ca and Mg) to form a precipitate.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not
7、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international sta
8、ndard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.
9、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D3585 Specification for AST
10、M Reference Fluid for CoolantTests3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 engine coolant concentratean undiluted ethylene orpropylene glycol containing additives and only a small amountof water, usually less than 5 %.3.1.2 reference engine coolant concentratea standard
11、 ma-terial prepared according to the formulary given in Annex A2of this test method. This material should not be confused withreference coolant in accordance with Specification D3585.3.1.3 reference supplemental coolant additive (SCA)astandard SCA prepared according to the formulary given inAnnex A1
12、 of this test method.3.1.4 supplemental coolant additivea liquid or solid ma-terial that is added to a coolant at a specified concentration.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A mixture of engine coolant concentrate and deionizedwater containing approximately twice the recommended con-centration of SCA is
13、heated to 88 C (190 F) for 24 h. Thesolution is centrifuged after returning to ambient temperature,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.11on Heavy Duty Coolants.Current edition appr
14、oved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D582897 (2011)1.DOI: 10.1520/D582897R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
15、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized prin
16、ciples on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1and the amount of insoluble material is determined volumetri-cally and com
17、pared to the amount of insolubles obtained witha mixture of standard reference SCA and reference enginecoolant.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test was developed to mimic the formation ofinsolubles observed in some heavy-duty diesel cooling systemsduring the mid 1980s. It measures the compatibility
18、of SCAand coolant concentrate solutions according to their tendencyto form insolubles in service.3Such insoluble materials mayaccumulate within a cooling system, restrict heat transferthrough radiator cores, and contribute to the damage ofcomponents such as water pumps.6. Apparatus6.1 Two-pan Genera
19、l Laboratory Balance, 1- to 2-kg ca-pacity.6.2 Centrifuge Tube, 100-mL capacity in accordance withTest Method D1796.6.3 Centrifuge, capable of maintaining 500 rcf, with trun-nions and specimen holders suitable for the tube described in6.2.6.4 Constant Temperature Oil Bath, or equivalent, capableof m
20、aintaining the test temperature at 88 C (190 F), within61 C (2 F).6.5 Condenser Tube, glass, approximately 5-mm outsidediameter by 3-mm inside diameter by 300-mm long.6.6 Rubber Stoppers, to fit the centrifuge tube with a singlehole for the glass condenser tube.6.7 Rubber Stoppers, as above but with
21、out a hole.6.8 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL capacity to deliver.6.9 Pipette, to deliver volumes from 1 to 10 mL in 1-mLincrements.6.10 Analytical Balance, for preparing reference materialsand capable of weighing within an accuracy of 60.2 mg orbetter.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsRege
22、nt grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.4Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascert
23、ained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7.2 Coolant Concentrate, and SCA for evaluation.7.3 Reference SCA, and coolant concentrate solutions (seeAnnex A1 and Annex A2).7.4 Deionized Water, in accordance with Specificat
24、ionD1193.7.5 Nichrome Wire, or stainless steel wire.7.6 Filter Paper, Whatman No. 4 or equivalent.7.7 Plastic Containers, to store solutions. Polyethylene orpolypropylene containers with screw caps are satisfactory.7.8 Acetone. Warning Acetone is flammable.7.9 Isopropyl Alcohol.8. Procedure8.1 Compa
25、tibility testing of SCA shall be conducted using aratio of 60 parts of coolant concentrate to 40 parts of awater-SCA mixture. The level of SCA in the total 60:40mixture will be approximately twice the SCA manufacturersrecommended concentration.8.2 Fill a 100-mL centrifuge tube to the 60-mL mark with
26、coolant concentrate.8.3 Determine the volume of water to be added based on thephysical state and the recommended concentration of SCA tobe evaluated. Add this volume of water to the centrifuge tubeusing a graduated cylinder. For example, if the SCA is a liquidto be added at the recommended concentra
27、tion of 3 % byvolume, twice the recommended concentration is 6 % or 6 mL.The volume of water to be added is 34 mL. This is 100 mL(volume of the centrifuge tube) less 60 mL (volume of coolantconcentrate required) less 6 mL (volume of SCA required).NOTE 1Using hard water will greatly influence the amo
28、unt of solublesformed. Testing the purity of the water with a conductivity meter isrecommended.NOTE 2If the SCA is a solid, prepare a sufficient volume of aconcentrated solution of the SCA in deionized water.8.4 Pipette the required volume of SCA into the mixture ofcoolant concentrate and water. The
29、 sequence of mixing must beas follows: coolant concentrate, water, SCA solution. Cap witha solid rubber stopper and agitate thoroughly.NOTE 3Glycol and water mixtures exhibit a volume contraction dueto the partial molal volume effect. The final volume of the mixture shouldbe less than 100 mL, as ind
30、icated in Fig. 1.8.5 In a similar manner, add 60 mL of reference coolantconcentrate, 34 mL of deionized water, and 6 mL of referenceSCA solution to a second 100-mL centrifuge tube, and agitatethoroughly. The reference coolant must be used within 30 daysof preparation. Discard and prepare a new refer
31、ence if anyinsoluble material is observed.8.6 Replace the rubber stoppers with clean air condensersprepared by inserting a 300-mm (12-in.) length of glass tubingthrough a properly sized one-hole stopper.8.7 Insert a length of dry Nichrome or stainless steel wireinto the condenser past the bottom of
32、the condenser tube.3Hercamp and Hudgens, “Silicate Gelation in Heavy-Duty Engine CoolingSystems,” Paper No. 852327, Society of Automotive Engineers, December 1985.4Reagant Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of
33、 reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D5828 97 (2018)2Immerse the centrifuge tube to the lev
34、el of the solution in aconstant temperature bath at 88 C (190 F) for 24 h (see Fig.1).NOTE 4The purpose of the wire is to provide a means of directingcondensate back to the centrifuge tube.8.8 At the end of the heating period, remove the centrifugetube and solution from the bath, and cool to room te
35、mperature(allow at least 1 h). Remove the air condenser stopper, andreplace with a solid rubber stopper. Using a two-pan balance,balance the centrifuge tube, stopper, and sample against acentrifuge tube (with stopper) containing any suitable liquid.NOTE 5The centrifuge tube may be balanced against a
36、nother centri-fuge tube containing another sample. A few drops of a solution of 60 %reagent grade ethylene glycol and 40 % deionized water may be added toone of the tubes to equalize the mass of the tubes.8.9 Centrifuge for 30 min at 500 rcf. Calculate the speed ofthe centrifugal rotation in r/min a
37、s follows:r/min 5 299 =rcf/r (1)where:r = radius in centimetres of the circle of rotation describedby the tips of the tubes when in a rotating position, andrcf = 500.The following may be used as a simple means of checkingthe calculation:Radius, cm (in.) r/min20.3 (8) 148025.4(10) 132536.5(12) 1210NO
38、TE 6The following equation may be used when r is measured ininches:r/min 5 188 =rcf/r (2)NOTE 7When operating a centrifuge, tubes must be balanced properlyand used in pairs to distribute the centrifugal forces evenly.8.10 At the end of the centrifuging, stop the centrifuge andimmediately read the vo
39、lume of solids in the bottom of thetube, estimating to the nearest part of a millilitre as appropriate.8.11 Clean the centrifuge tubes using the following proce-dure:8.11.1 Shake the tubes to loosen the insoluble materials, anddiscard liquid and insolubles into a suitable container. Fill thetubes pa
40、rtially with tap water, and repeat as necessary.NOTE 8The insolubles may be loosened with the aid of an ultrasoniccleaner.8.11.2 Rinse the inside of the tubes with 1:1 HCl solution,and discard washings.8.11.3 Clean the tubes with a solution of detergent andwater, brushing as needed.8.11.4 Rinse the
41、tubes three times with warm tap water.8.11.5 Rinse once with acetone or isopropyl alcohol toremove water, and air dry.9. Calculation and Interpretation of Results9.1 The tendency to form insolubles for the SCA-coolantconcentrate combination under evaluation is expressed inrelation to the tendency to
42、 form insolubles for the referenceSCA in a diluted reference coolant concentrate.9.2 Calculate the ratio of the volumes of insolubles formedas follows:ratio 5 A/B (3)where:A = volume of insolubles formed in the test solution, andB = volume of insolubles formed in the reference solution.10. Report10.
43、1 Report the volume insolubles in millilitres for the testmixture, the volume insolubles in millilitres for the referencemixture, and the ratio calculated in 9.2.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as deter-mined by an interlaboratory round robin5performed in accor-
44、dance with Practice E691 has been determined to be dependentupon the test level and may be estimated as follows:Repeatability (r) = 0.12341XReproducibility (R) = 0.31641Xwhere X = average of two results being compared.5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obta
45、ined by requesting RR:D15-1019. Contact ASTM Customer Service atserviceastm.org.NOTE 1(A) nichrome wire, (B) condenser tube, and (C) immersionlevel.FIG. 1 Apparatus AssemblyD5828 97 (2018)311.1.1 In the long run, the average of two results determinedon identical materials by the same operator follow
46、ing thisprocedure in the same laboratory using the same equipment onthe same day will exceed the repeatability only once in twentytimes. Similarly, the average of two results determined by twodifferent laboratories on random samples of the same batch ofidentical materials will exceed the reproducibi
47、lity only once intwenty times.11.2 Table 1 shows the range of ratios determined in theround robin. The volume of insolubles measured on thereference materials was in the range from 0.30 to 0.80 mL.11.3 BiasNo information is available on the bias of theprocedure in this test method since the compatib
48、ility of allmaterials is determined in relation to a set of standard referencematerials.12. Keywords12.1 engine coolants; supplemental coolant additives (SCA)ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. PREPARATION OF REFERENCE SCA MANDATORY INFORMATIONA1.1 ComponentsAll solid components shall be certifiedACS
49、grade chemicals, except where otherwise listed in TableA1.1. They shall be used in the proportions listed in TableA1.1. Sodium hydroxide solution may be a certified high-purity reagent or prepared from ACS grade chemical andSpecification D1193 Type IV water.A1.2 Blending Procedure:A1.2.1 Referring to Table A1.1, add Items 1, 2, and 3, mix,and heat to 66 C (150 F).A1.2.2 Discontinue heating when all of the sodium tetrabo-rate is dissolved (in approximately 10 to 20 min). Add Items 4and5(TableA1.1), and mix until all of the sodium metasilicateis dissol
