1、Designation: D 5889 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forQuality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the manufacturing quality controlof geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), describing types of tests,the pro
3、per test methods, and the minimum testing frequencies.1.2 This practice is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers,purchasers and users of GCLs in establishing a minimum levelof effort for manufacturing quality control.1.3 This practice does not address manufacturing qualityassurance, product accep
4、tance testing, or conformance testing.These are independent activities taken by organizations otherthan the GCL manufacturer.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to ad
5、dress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 638 Test Me
6、thod for Tensile Properties of Plastics2D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing3D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of Geotextiles3D 4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Con-formance of Geosynthetics3D 5199 Test
7、Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness ofGeotextiles and Geomembranes3D 5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area ofGeotextiles3D 5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index FluxThrough Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner SpecimensUsing Flexible Wall Permeameter3D 5890 Test Method for Swell Inde
8、x of Clay MineralComponent of Geosynthetic Clay Liners3D 5891 Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component ofGeosynthetic Clay Liners3D 5993 Test Method for Measuring the Mass Per Unit Areaof Geosynthetic Clay Liners32.2 Government Document:EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document QualityAssuran
9、ce and Quality Control for Waste ContainmentFacilities43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1.1 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geo-synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.1.2 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprisedsolely of textiles.3.1.2
10、Organizational Definitions:3.1.2.1 installer, nthe party who installs, or facilitatesinstallation of, any materials purchased from manufacturers orsuppliers.3.1.2.2 manufacturer, nthe group, corporation, partner-ship, or individual that manufactures a product.3.1.2.3 purchaser, nthe person, company,
11、 or organizationthat purchases any materials or work to be performed.3.1.2.4 supplier, nthe party who supplies material orservices.3.1.3 Quality Definitions:3.1.3.1 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned orsystematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidencethat a material, product, syste
12、m, or service will satisfy givenneeds.3.1.3.2 quality control (QC), na planned system of activi-ties whose purpose is to provide a level of quality that meetsthe needs of users; also, the use of such a system.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-thetics and Rock a
13、nd is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 onGeosynthetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originallypublished as D 5889 95. Last previous edition D 5889 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.4Avai
14、lable from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 GCLs must be properly manufactured in a mannerconsistent with a m
15、inimum level of quality control as deter-mined by in-house testing of the final product. This practicesuggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing and theminimum testing frequencies.4.2 It should be clearly recognized that manufacturers mayperform additional tests or at greater frequency
16、than required inthis practice, or both. In this case, the manufacturers qualitycontrol plan will then take precedence over this practice. Thequoted tests and test methods in Table 1 must appear in the QCplan and the QC report.4.3 It should also be recognized that purchasers and install-ers of GCLs m
17、ay require additional tests or at a great frequencythan called for in this practice, or both. The organization(s)producing such project specific specification or quality assur-ance plan should recognize that such requirements are beyondthe current state of the practice. If such a request is made byp
18、urchasers or installers, they should clearly communicate therequirements to the manufacturer or supplier during the con-tract decisions in order that disputes do not arise at a subse-quent time.5. Procedure5.1 The procedure for this practice is embodied in Table 1.5.1.1 The minimum recommended quali
19、ty control tests forthe manufacture of GCLs are given in Table 1. The tests areperformed on the clay, the geosynthetic component material(s)and the finished GCL.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
20、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
21、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib
22、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
23、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Minimum Type
24、s of Tests and Their Frequencies for the QC of GCLsTest Designation Test Method Frequency of Testing Report ValueClay:A BFree swell D 5890 One per truck or railcar but min, every 50 tonnes Minimum averageFluid loss D 5891 One per truck or railcar but min, every 50 tonnes Minimum averageGeosynthetic
25、Materials:BGeotextiles:Mass per unit area D 5261 20 000 m2(200 000 ft2) Typical and MARVGrab tensile strength (MD and CD) D 4632 20 000 m2(200 000 ft2) MARVGeomembraneMass per unit area D 5261 20 000 m2(100 000 ft2) Typical and MARVThickness D 5199 20 000 m2(200 000 ft2) MARVTensile strength at brea
26、k and yield (MD and CD) D 638 20 000 m2(200 000 ft2) MARVFinished GCL:CClay mass per unit area (dried)DD 5993 4000 m2(40 000 ft2) MARVClay moisture content D 4643 4000 m2(40 000 ft2) Average valueEGrab tensile strength (MD and CD)FD 4632 20 000 m2(200 000 ft2) MARVIndex fluxBD 5887 Once weekly with
27、the last 20 values reportedGMaximum valueAThe tests on the bentonite are to be performed on the as-received material before fabrication into the GCL product.BCert letter from component manufacturer or QA from GCL manufacturer, or both. Cert letters must arrive and be checked before the components ar
28、e used for the GCLproduction.CComponents from finished GCL product should not be separated and tested, because the production process may alter the properties of the components.DDried bentonite should be defined as 0 % moisture content.EOnly for information.FThis test may not be applicable for geomembrane-backed GCLs.GThe last 20 values to be reported should end at the production date of the supplied GCL. If the manufacturer has more production facilities or production lines, or both,the tests must be performed and reported for each line.D 5889 97 (2003)2
