1、Designation: D 5964 96 (Reapproved 2001)Standard Practice forRubber IRM 902 and IRM 903 Replacement Oils forASTM No. 2 and ASTM No. 3 Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONTest Method D 471 was revised in February 1995, establishing IRM 902 and IRM 903 asreplac
3、ements for ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 immersion oils, respectively. Unlike ASTM No. 2 and No.3 oils, the two IRM oils are severely hydrotreated, have a demonstrated negative Ames test and do notrequire cancer warning labels under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard published inNovember 1983. Although i
4、t was attempted to match the effect of the ASTM oils on rubber propertiesin immersion testing as closely as possible, in general, neither of the IRM oils produces test resultsexactly identical to the ASTM oils it replaced.The selections for replacement oils were made on the basis of an objective com
5、prehensive testprogram as described in this practice and decisions on the data generated in this program were madein open meetings of Subcommittee D11.15. The SAE Committee on Automotive Rubber Specifica-tions (CARS) made a recommendation on the replacement oils that was identical to the decisions m
6、adeby D11.15.This practice addresses the need for establishing a correlation between test results obtained withIRM versus ASTM oils, based on results of the described test program. Although the test program wasquite comprehensive, it cannot begin to address the numerous variations in compound recipe
7、s used inthe rubber industry. Correlations established by this practice may therefore not always providesatisfactory results. In this case it is suggested that other approaches be used, such as a directcomparison of each specific rubber compound in the respective ASTM and IRM oils. All newspecificat
8、ions, including oil immersion testing, shall be established using IRM 902 and IRM 903 inplace of ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 oils, respectively.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers two new immersion oils to be usedas replacements for ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 immersion oils ascalled for in Test Method D 471. The ne
9、w immersion oils willbe designated as IRM 902 as a replacement for ASTM No. 2 oiland IRM 903 as a replacement for ASTM No. 3 oil. The newreference oils have been developed under a new CommitteeD11 policy on reference materials (see Practice D 4678 forbackground on the new policy and procedures).1.2
10、The new oils, IRM 902 and IRM 903, are similar but notfully equivalent to ASTM No. 2 and ASTM No. 3 oil,respectively.1.3 This practice gives the necessary background and detailson the changeover from the previous oils to the new oils. SeeAnnex A1 for additional information on the commercial oilssele
11、cted to replace the two ASTM oils and the test programconducted for this selection process. The changeover fromASTM to IRM oils is proposed in two steps:1.3.1 Step 1A transition phase that makes use of theEquivalent Volume Swell (EVS) for each of the two replace-ment oils. EVS(902) is the ASTM No. 2
12、 percent volume swellvalue calculated from the measured percent volume swell valueusing IRM 902 as the immersion liquid. A similar calculationcan be used to calculate the analogous EVS(903) value. EitherEVS value is obtained as a correction of the measured IRM 902or 903 percent volume swell value. T
13、he EVS values may beused to determine if volume swell specifications are met whenthe specifications are expressed in terms of ASTM No. 2 or No.3 limits, and1.3.2 Step 2A longer term policy change or conversion ofspecifications from ASTM No. 2 and No. 3 values to IRM 902and 903 values.1.4 The EVS val
14、ues are calculated on the basis of “correc-tion equations” derived from one of two sources.1.4.1 Correction equations derived from the results of thecomprehensive evaluation program conducted to select each of1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct r
15、esponsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved June 10, 1996. Published July 1996.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the two replacement oils from a group of three candidate oilsfor ea
16、ch ASTM oil. This program is described in Annex A1.1.4.2 Correction equations derived from in-house custom-ized or specific testing programs to make direct comparisons ofthe volume swell (and other important properties) of the twoIRM and ASTM oils. These programs should be conducted ineach laborator
17、y of those organizations that engage in producer-user specification testing for rubber immersion performance.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
18、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup2D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products2D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Pet
19、roleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)3D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers Tension4D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)2D 471 Test Method for Rubber
20、PropertyEffect of Liq-uids4D 611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents2D 1414 Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings5D 1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclature4D 1500 Test Method for Color of ASTM Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color
21、Scale)2D 1747 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Mate-rials2D 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive Applications5D 2008 Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Ab-sorptivity of Petroleum Products2D 2140 Test Method for Carbon-Type Composition of In-sulating Oils o
22、f Petroleum Origin6D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardness4D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries4D 4678 Practice for RubberPreparation, Testing, Accep-tance, Documentation, and Use of Industry ReferenceMaterials43
23、. Significance and Use3.1 The two reference immersion oils described in thispractice are required for the development of oil-resistant rubbercompounds for use in environments where contact withpetroleum-based solvents and oils is encountered. Tests fortensile strength, percent elongation at break, h
24、ardness, andpercent volume swell are performed after a specified immer-sion time period (at a specified temperature) in the evaluationof oil-resistant rubbers. The results of such testing by rubberproduct manufacturers and their customers are used to developoil-resistant rubbers or compounds, or bot
25、h.3.2 Testing with ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3 is used toverify compliance with purchase specifications which refer-ence the oil-resistant classes of rubbers and elastomers listed inTable 6 of Classification D 2000. These oils are also used incomparative performance evaluation testing of O-rings andO-
26、ring compounds as cited in Test Methods D 1414. The use ofthese reference oils is required for the development andselection of oil-resistant rubber compounds having acceptableor optimum performance characteristics, or both.4. Specifying IRM 902 and IRM 903 ReferenceImmersion Oils4.1 The two oils sel
27、ected to replace ASTM No. 2 and ASTMNo. 3 immersion oils have commercial names.7These new oilswere selected on the basis of the closest match to ASTM No.2 and ASTM No. 3 oils in the comprehensive evaluationprogram as outlined in Annex A1.4.2 The (petroleum) specifications and typical properties ofIR
28、M 902 and IRM 903 are given in Table 1.5. Converting “ASTM Oil-IRM Oil” Volume SwellValues5.1 Basis of ConversionOne of the important issues forany user of the new IRM oils, especially producer-consumeroperations, is the relationship and conversion of the customaryASTM oil volume swell values for pr
29、oprietary and commercialcompounds to volume swell values for the new IRM oils. Asoutlined in the scope, this can be done on the basis of twoapproaches.5.1.1 Calculating EVS values for IRM 902 or IRM 903 forany commercial compound based on (1) selecting from TableA1.1 and Appendix X1, the compound ne
30、arest to the commer-cial compound in composition, and (2) using the percentdifference (PC d) value for this compound in the conversion orcorrection calculation. This EVS value is an approximatevalue.5.1.2 Organizing a special in-house testing program toobtain volume swell values under the appropriat
31、e conditions(time and temperature of immersion) for the selected ASTMand IRM oils for the proprietary or commercial compounds ofinterest. Once data for both oils are obtained, the relationshipbetween the two oils is established.5.1.3 If needed for future applications, calculations can bemade to corr
32、ect or convert the ASTM values to the IRM valuesor vice-versa for other compounds where the correction can be2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.6Annual Book of ASTM St
33、andards, Vol 10.03.7Cal-2, designated as IRM 902, and Cal-3, designated as IRM 903, aremanufactured by Calumet Lubricants Co., HC 62 Box 460, Princeton, LA 71067.The new reference immersion oils, IRM 902 and IRM 903, are distributed for themanufacturer by R. E. Carroll, Inc., P.O. Box 5806, Trenton,
34、 NJ 08638-0806, andPenreco Co., 4426 E. Washington Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90023-4476.D 59642legitimately applied. This approach gives corrections that arespecific to the compounds of interest; it is direct and substan-tially more accurate than the approximate approach and is therecommended conversio
35、n procedure for exact and criticalspecification applications if corrections of this sort are re-quired.5.2 Conversion Using the EVS ProcedureTwo proceduresare given: (1) for converting IRM values to equivalent ASTMvalues, and (2) for converting ASTM values to IRM values.The second operation may be o
36、f value in converting existingASTM value specifications to IRM value specifications as theold ASTM oil specification values are phased out.5.2.1 Eq 1 gives the EVS(902) value, the equivalent ASTMNo. 2 oil percent volume swell value for IRM 902 oil, based onmeasured volume swell data in IRM 902 and d
37、ata in Table A1.1of Annex A1.EVS902!5MVS902!S1 1PC d1100D(1)where:EVS (902) = EVS (approximate) for IRM 902 oil,MVS (902) = measured percent volume swell in IRM 902oil, andPC d1= difference between volume swells in IRM902 oil and ASTM No. 2 oil expressed as arelative percentage (from Table A1.1, se-
38、lected in accordance with 5.1.1).5.2.2 Eq 2 may be used for converting IRM values to ASTMvalues for compounds of commercial interest on the same basisas described above.EVSNo. 2!5MVSNo. 2!S1 1PC d2100D(2)where:EVS (No. 2) = EVS (approximate) for ASTM No. 2 oil,MVS (No. 2) = measured percent volume s
39、well in ASTMNo. 2 oil, andPC d2= difference between volume swells inASTM No. 2 oil and IRM 902 oil ex-pressed as a relative percentage (fromTable A1.1, selected in accordance with5.1.1 (Note 1).NOTE 1By definition PC d2= PC d1.5.2.3 Eq 1 and Eq 2 may be used for IRM 903 and ASTMNo. 3 conversions or
40、corrections by changing the parenthesesvalues.6. Testing Precision6.1 Although a precision statement is not a mandatorysection in a practice, the precision of volume swell testing is animportant issue for the conversion from the original ASTM oilsto the new IRM oils. Annex A2 gives a review of the p
41、recisionresults obtained from the comprehensive program outlined inAnnex A1. Refer to Annex A2 for precision information.7. Keywords7.1 ASTM oils; immersion tests; IRM oils; reference oilsANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. BRIEF SUMMARY OF EVALUATION PROGRAM TO SELECT IRM 902 AND IRM 903A1.1 Program
42、OrganizationA1.1.1 A comprehensive testing program was organized inearly 1993 to evaluate three candidate immersion oils (com-mercially supplied by different manufacturers) for ASTM No.2 oil and three candidate oils for ASTM No. 3 oil. The programconsisted of evaluating each of the candidate oils al
43、ong withthe reference ASTM oil for their influence on compoundphysical properties in twelve typical oil-resistant rubber com-pounds, each prepared with a different rubber. Four propertieswere measured after 70 h immersion for each of the com-pounds: tensile strength, in MPa and percent elongation in
44、accordance with Test Methods D 412; hardness (Shore A) inaccordance with Test Method D 2240; and percent volumeswell in accordance with Test Method D 471.A1.1.2 The program was conducted in nine laboratories toprevent an undue burden on any one laboratory to conduct allthe immersion and physical tes
45、ts. The nine laboratories weredivided into three groups and in each group one set of fourrubber compounds was tested. The program was conducted togive duplicate test results to obtain a typical “Day 1Day 2”TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of IRM ReferenceOilsPropertySpecificationsASTMTe
46、stMethodIRM 902 IRM 903Aniline point, C (F) D 611 93 6 3 (199 6 5)706 1 (158 6 2)Kinematic viscosity(mm2/s (cSt)38C (100F) D 445 . 31.934.199C (210F) D 445 19.221.5 .Gravity, API, 16C (60F) D 287 19.021.0 21.023.0Viscosity-Gravity constant D 2140 0.8600.870 0.8750.885Flash point COC, C (F) D 92 240
47、(464) min 163 (325) minNaphthenics, CN(%) D 2140 35 min 40 minParaffinics, CP(%) D 2140 50 max 45 maxTypical PropertiesPour point, C (F) D 97 12 (10) 31 (24)ASTM Color D 1500 L 2.5 L 0.5Refractive index D 1747 1.5105 1.5026UV Absorbance, 260 nm D 2008 4.0 2.2Aromatics, CA(%) D 2140 12 14D 59643estim
48、ate of test error for within-laboratory variation (repeat-ability) within each group. Between-laboratory variation wasnot assessed because the number of laboratories is too small toobtain a realistic reproducibility. A test result (obtained on eachof the two days one week apart) is defined as the me
49、an ormedian of the number of individual determinations as specifiedby each test method.A1.1.3 The rubbers in each group and the immersiontemperatures (70 h at each temperature) were as given below.Appendix X1 gives the formulations for the twelve compoundsand identifies the rubbers according to the acronym (specifiedin Practice D 1418) used for each base rubber.A1.1.3.1 Immersion at 100CCR, ECO, NBR, TPV,A1.1.3.2 Immersion at 125CEPDM, ACM, AEM, EVM,andA1.1.3.3 Immersion at 150CFKM, FVMQ, HNBR,VMQ.A1.2 Evaluation Program ResultsA1.2.1 From the r
