1、Designation: D 5998 03Standard Specification forMolded Polyethylene Shipping and Storage Drums1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers self supporting, molded poly-ethylene, tight head drums designed for surface and airshipment, ranging in s
3、ize from 5 gal 19 L to and including 55gal 208 L.1.2 The polyethylene plastics to be used may be virginplastics or recycled plastics.2NOTE 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.NOTE 2This standard is intended to replace MIL-D-43703C.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regar
4、dedas the standard. The values given in brackets are for informa-tion only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin
5、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics3D 1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products3D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging4D 4504 Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails f
6、or Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods4D 4919 Specification for Testing of Hazardous MaterialsPackagings4D 5033 Guide for the Development of Standards Relating tothe Proper Use of Recycled Plastics52.2 ANSI Standards:6ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspectionby Attributes2.3 Fede
7、ral Regulations:721 CFR 121 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act andRegulations Promulgated Thereunder21 CFR 17749 CFR 173 ShippersGeneral Requirements for Ship-ments and Packagings49 CFR 178 Specifications for Packaging2.4 Other:National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC-100)Uniform Freight Classi
8、fication (UFC)2.5 National Sanitation Foundation International:8NSF Standard No. 2 Food Service EquipmentNSF Standard No. 51 Plastics Materials and ComponentsUsed in Food Service Equipment3. Terminology3.1 For definitions or terms, see Terminology D 883 orGuide D 5033.4. Requirements4.1 MaterialsDru
9、ms shall conform to 49 CFR 173.24 and178.509 Type 1H1. The drum material and components shallconform to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, FoodAdditive Amendment 21 CFR 177, 1520 and NSF InternationalStandard No. 2 and 51 when used for food products. Recycledplastic may be used when practical
10、as long as the finishedproduct meets the requirements of this specification.4.2 Design and ConstructionDrums shall conform to 49CFR 173.24 and 178.509, Type 1H1. Drums shall be molded ofmaterials specified in 4.1. Five gallon 19 L drums shall befurnished with one or two carrying handles. Fifteen gal
11、lon 57L drums shall be furnished with one or two handles on the topor without handles. Drums greater than 20 gal shall befabricated so that they may be individually handled by cus-tomary handling devices. Handling devices shall withstand thecombined lifted weight of the drum and contents. Rolling ri
12、ngson drums are optional, and when specified, a minimum of twoare required.4.2.1 OpeningsThe 5-gal 19-L drum shall have oneopening on the top except when specified (see 7.2) an air vent1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of
13、Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Products.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 5998 - 96.2As defined in Guide D 5033.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
14、5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.8Available fro
15、m NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.shall be added diametrically opposite the top opening. T
16、he15-gal, 30-gal, and 55-gal 57-L, 114-L, and 208-L drumsshall have two openings. The opening shall not exceed 2.7 in.69 mm in diameter, and when specified shall have either acommercial clinch-on closure (flexible or reversible spout) ormolded-in opening. The molded-in opening for the 5-gal19-L drum
17、 shall be externally threaded to accept a buttressthreaded cap closure, an internally threaded opening to acceptan NPS plug, or a commercial clinch-on closure. Themolded-in opening for the 15-gal, 30-gal, and 55-gal 57-L,114-L, and 208-L drums shall have molded-in internal NPS orbuttress threads (se
18、e 4.2.1.1). There shall be not less than twoand one half buttress threads. The closure for flexible spoutshall be a metal or plastic screw cap or plug having not lessthan two continuous full threads that match the opening and ofsufficient length to completely engage a minimum of twothreads when the
19、cap with gasket or cap liner in place isscrewed in.4.2.1.1 Plug and GasketThe buttress plug and gasketshall be made of material resistant to the lading and shall havenot less than two continuous external buttress threads thatmatch the internal thread of the opening. The plug shall have a34-in. 20-mm
20、 NPS center reducer with molded-in diaphragm.The34-in. 20-mm center reducer without molded diaphragmshall accept a34-in. 20-mm NPT plug as allowed byappropriate shipping and storage regulations. Vented closuredevices shall be used for surface shipments only as allowed byappropriate shipping and stor
21、age regulations.4.2.1.2 Safety SealsWhen specified, commercial safetyseals shall be furnished with each drum for application to allopenings of the drum. The safety seals shall either be fabricatedfrom a corrosion-resistant material, or be coated with acorrosion-resistant finish. The safety seals sha
22、ll be crimpedonto the drums in such a manner that the seals are deformedand cannot be reused once they have been removed. The safetyseals shall have instructions printed on them that describe themethod of removal unless superseded by more importantinformation such as a caution statement. Safety seal
23、s on drumscontaining food or potable water shall meet food contactrequirements of 4.1.4.2.1.3 Torque Indicating or Torque Limiting PlugWrenchTorque wrenches capable of applying specified clo-sure torque should be available for all closures as necessary.4.3 MarkingDrum markings shall conform to 49 CF
24、RSubpart L and other appropriate requirements. Also, the manu-facturers recommended closure torque range for prevention ofleakage from threaded closure shall be durably marked bymeans of embossing, labeling, stenciling, lithographing, silkscreening or stamping on the drum when a specified torquerequ
25、irement is needed to meet performance requirements.Unless otherwise specified, the markings shall be embossed onthe sidewall or bottom head of the drum in characters not lessthan12 in. 13 mm high. Unless otherwise specified, the tophead of each drum shall be marked “DO NOT REUSE FORFOOD.” The markin
26、g shall be embossed or indelibly stenciledin a contrasting color in capital letters not less than12 in. 13mm high.4.4 CapacityThe minimum actual capacity shall be notless than rated capacity plus 4 %. The maximum actualcapacity shall be not greater than the applicable rated capacity(see 1.2) plus 15
27、 % for 5-gal 19-L drums and shall not begreater than rated capacity plus 10 % for drums 15 gal 57 Land over.4.5 PerformanceIn addition to the requirements specifiedherein, drums shall not show cracks or leaks when subjected totests specified in 5.2.5. Drums with repaired bodies andcomponents shall n
28、ot be acceptable.4.6 WorkmanshipThe finished drums shall be free oflumps, blisters, or flash. The threads of the openings and plugsshall be clean, well formed, free of excess flash, and distortion.The seal of the openings and plugs shall be smooth and free ofdefects that may affect the closure. The
29、color shall be uniform.The drum interior shall be clean and free of foreign matter. Thecaps and spouts shall be clean, free of excess flash or metal,and distortion.5. Quality Assurance Provisions5.1 Sampling inspection as part of manufacturing operationsis an acceptable practice to ascertain conform
30、ance to require-ments.5.2 Quality Conformance InspectionUnless otherwisespecified, sampling for inspection shall be performed as agreedby parties involved or per regulations involved or in accor-dance with Practice ANSI Z1.4.5.2.1 The end items shall be examined for conformance tothe specified dimen
31、sions and for capacity. Any dimension notwithin the specified tolerance or any drum not meeting itscapacity as specified in 4.4, shall be classified as a defect. Thedrums shall be examined for capacity in accordance with 5.3.6.The lot size shall be expressed in units of drums of one size.The sample
32、unit shall be one drum.5.2.2 Drums shall be selected randomly for testing. Drumsshall be subjected to tests specified in 5.3. Testing parametersand failure criteria shall conform to the requirements for 49CFR 178, Subpart M or other regulations appropriate.5.3 Methods of InspectionDrums should be te
33、sted toPackaging Group II unless other requirements prevail.5.3.1 Drop TestDrums shall be tested in accordance with49 CFR 178.603.5.3.2 Leakproofness TestDrums shall be tested for leak-proofness in accordance with 49 CFR 178.604.5.3.3 Hydrostatic Pressure TestDrums shall be tested inaccordance with
34、49 CFR 178.605.5.3.4 Stacking TestDrums shall be tested in accordancewith 49 CFR 178.606.5.3.5 Handling TestThe drum shall be filled with water to98 % 6 2 % of rated capacity. The handling device to be testedshall be used to lift the drum to a height of 3 ft 914 mm, thenlowered to the ground. This s
35、hall be repeated twice and thenheld at a height of 3 ft 914 mm for a period of 10 min. Failureto comply with the requirements of 3.2 shall be cause forrejection of the item.5.3.6 Capacity TestThe overflow capacity, Vo, in gallonslitres of the drum shall be determined by pouring fresh waterat 68 6 2F
36、 20 6 1C into the drum until no more water canbe added and recording the weight, W2, in pounds kilograms.D5998032Subtract the initial weight, W1, in pounds kilograms of thedrum and calculate the overflow capacity, in gallons litres.The outage is the capacity excess between the rated (marked)capacity
37、, V, in gallons litres and the overflow capacity.Calculate the overflow capacity and outage using the followingformulas:Example:overflow capacity 5 Vo, gal 5W2,lb 2 W1,lb8.33, lb/gal(1)where:W1= initial weight, lb, andW2= final weight, lb.outage %! 5100 Vo 2 VratedVrated(2)where:Vo = overflow capaci
38、ty, gal, andVrated= rated capacity, gal.6. Product Marking6.1 Each container must be legibly and permanently em-bossed in characters at least 0.47 in. 12 mm in height.Markings must show the following information:6.1.1 Manufacturers name or registered trademark.6.1.2 Container rated capacity with uni
39、ts (gallons or litres,or both).6.1.3 Minimum wall thickness with units (inches or milli-metres) if required for reuse.6.1.4 Month and year of manufacture (date check or otherlegible method). No minimum letter height requirement.6.1.5 Each drum should be marked for material of compo-sition of the dru
40、m. The marking should facilitate identificationfor recycling and should be in conformity with accepted ASTMand ISO standards.7. Packaging7.1 PackingPacking shall be commercial.7.1.1 Commercial PackingDrums shall be packed in ac-cordance with Practice D 3951 if specified.7.2 MarkingIn addition to any
41、 special marking requiredby the contract or order, shipments shall be marked inaccordance with Practice D 3951, as applicable.8. Keywords8.1 barrel; container; plastic container; polyethylene drum;recycled plasticSUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of selected changes to this spec
42、ification. For the convenience of the user,Committee D20 has highlighted those changes that may impact the use of this specification. This section mayalso include descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.D 5998 - 03:(1) Deleted reference to PS 34 and replaced references to PS
43、35with ANSI Z1.4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
44、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a
45、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
46、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5998033
