1、Designation: D6024/D6024M 15D6024/D6024M 16Standard Test Method forBall Drop on Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) toDetermine Suitability for Load Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6024/D6024M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of
2、 original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method explains the determination of the abilit
3、y of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) to withstand loadingby repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto the in-place material.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to speci
4、fy how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industrystandard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special pur
5、pose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives;and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engin
6、eering data.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately asstandard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems mayresult in non-conformance with the standar
7、d.1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,“K-Krete,” and other similar names.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the us
8、er of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.
9、1 ASTM Standards:3C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4832 Te
10、st Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test CylindersD6023 Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, Cement Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ControlledLow-Strength Material (CLSM)D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6
11、103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) (Withdrawn 2013)43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical terms in this test method, refer to Terminology standards C125 and D653.3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:1 T
12、his test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved July 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2016. Published July 2015January 2017. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edit
13、ion approved in 20072015 asD6024 07. DOI: 10.1520/D6024_D6024M-15.10.1520/D6024_D6024M-16.2 Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer
14、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provid
15、e the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the st
16、andard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in
17、this test method, refer to Terminology standards C125 and D653.3.1.2 Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), na mixture of soil, aggregates (sand, gravel, or both), cementitiousmaterials, potable water, and sometimes admixtures, that hardens into a material with a higher strength than the soil, but
18、 less than8400 kPa 1200 psi.3.1.2.1 DiscussionUsed as a replacement for compacted backfill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, a mortar, or a compacted material and typicallyhas strengths of 350 to 700 kPa 50 to 100 psi for most applications.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A half spherical weight is dropp
19、ed five times from a specific height onto the surface of in-place CLSM. The diameter ofthe resulting indentation is measured and compared to established criteria. The indentation is inspected for any free water broughtto the surface from the impact.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used
20、 primarily as a field test to determine the readiness of the CLSM to accept loads prior to addinga temporary or permanent wearing surface.5.2 This test method is not meant to predict the load bearing strength of a CLSM mixture.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be per
21、formed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliancewith specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6023, andD6103.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel perf
22、orming it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not
23、 in itself assure reliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Ball-drop ApparatusA Ball Penetration Apparatus (Kelly Ball) that consists of a half sphere with a handle, togetherweighing 14-15 kg 30-33 l
24、b. The half spherical weight may be machined from metal stock or cast or spun with a smooth finishand shall have a radius of 73 mm 2.875 in. to 79 mm 3.125 in. A stirrup or frame approximately 270 mm 10.5 in. wide andapproximately 140 mm 5.5 in. high shall guide the handle such that the Kelly Ball f
25、alls freely and perpendicular to the surfacebeing tested (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 Blockspieces of wood, or ultra high molecular weight plastic (UHMW) that are approximately 90 mm 3.5 in. high areused to elevate the stirrups to the proper height. The stirrups must be centered on the blocks to avoid tipping
26、, and attached securelyto the stirrups so shifting does not occur. The blocks shall be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main stirrup frame.The blocks must not interfere with the ball-drop apparatus. Each block shall have dimensions of approximately 90 mm 3.5 in.wide by 180 mm 7 in. lo
27、ng with a minimum bearing area of 0.015 m2 24 in2 and shall support the stirrup such that the KellyBall falls freely for a distance of 108 mm 4.25 in. to 114 mm 4.5 in.6.2 Measuring Devicea ruler, metal roll-up measuring tape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid length measuring instrument markedin incre
28、ments of 3 mm 0.125 in. or smaller capable of measuring the diameter of the indentation.7. Procedure7.1 The surface of the CLSM will need to be as level as possible either by self-leveling or by slight brooming action with handtools. Set the elevated base of the apparatus on the leveled CLSM surface
29、, with the handle in a vertical position and free to slidethrough the frame. Put slight pressure on the frame with your free hand to stabilize the device. Lift the handle as far as possibleallowing the top surface of the ball to contact the underside of the stirrup frame. Release the weight allowing
30、 it to free fall to thesurface of the CLSM. Repeat this for a total of five consecutive times at each location tested. Before testing a new location of thein-place CLSM remove any material that has adhered to the ball from previous testing.7.2 Measure the diameter of the indentation left by the ball
31、 to the nearest 2.5 mm 0.125 in. with a measuring device.NOTE 2See Appendix X1 for nonmandatory information about acceptance criteria.7.3 Inspect the indentation for visible surface water or sheen brought to the surface by the dropping action of the ball. Thesurface should look similar to that befor
32、e the test with the exception of an indentation. The presence of surface water may indicatethe CLSM is unsuitable or not ready for load application.D6024/D6024M 1628. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)8.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recorded on the test data sheet(s)/form(s), as giv
33、en below, is covered in 1.2.8.2 Record as a minimum the following general information (data):8.2.1 Project Identification,8.2.2 Location of test,8.2.3 Identification of individual performing the test method,8.2.4 Date test is performed, and8.2.5 Identification of CLSM mixture.8.3 Record as a minimum
34、 the following test data:8.3.1 Visible surface water or sheen brought to the surface by the dropping action,8.3.2 Irregularities on the surface of the in place CLSM, such as indentations left by the blocks or severe cracking, and8.3.3 Diameter of indentation to the nearest 2.5 mm 0.125 in.9. Precisi
35、on and Bias9.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented due to the nature of this test method. It is either not feasible or too costlyat this time to have ten or more agencies participate in an in situ testing program at a given site.9.1.1 The Subcommittee D18.15 is seeking any data from use
36、rs of the test method that might be used to make a limitedstatement on precision.9.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this test method, therefore, bias cannot be determined.10. Keywords10.1 backfill; ball drop apparatus; bearing; CLSM; construction control; early load; flowable fill; mix
37、 design; quality control;soil stabilization; surface water; wearing surfaceFIG. 1 Ball-drop ApparatusD6024/D6024M 163APPENDIXX1. EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF THE TEST METHODX1.1 Application of this test method is typically based on establishing a maximum allowed diameter of the indentation caused bythe b
38、all drop apparatus prior to application of additional load. The subcommittee is not aware of any published data or studiessupporting specific acceptance criteria. Subcommittee members familiar with the application of the method have reported 75 mm3 in. as a common criterial in utility applications (
39、for example, trench backfill) and 100 mm 4 in. being acceptable in otherapplications such as pavement subgrade. Field conditions and application should be considered carefully when establishingacceptance criteria.X1.2 Hot weather can cause a hard crust to form on the surface of CLSM that should be r
40、emoved before performing the testmethod. It may be necessary to remove a depth of 25 to 75 mm 1 to 3 in. in such cases.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (2015) thatmay impact the use of this standard. (December 1, 20
41、16)(1) Revised Section 3.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (2007) thatmay impact the use of this standard. (July 1, 2015)(1) Standard caveats were updated.(2) Section 3.2.1 revised the definition of CLSM to be consis
42、tent with the definition in other standards.(3) Section 6 Ball-drop apparatus description was changed from cylindrical to half spherical and additional dimensionalrequirements were included.(4) Figure 1 was revised to include SI units and inch-pound units. The Metric Equivalents table was removed.(5
43、) Note 2, which suggested acceptance criteria, was revised to refer the user to information in the appendix.(6) Appendixes were added to provide the user with nonmandatory information related to the application and use of the standard.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of a
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