1、Designation: D 6037 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Methods forDry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Two test methods are included. Test Method A uses adevice that contains an abrasive wheel. Test Method B uses ad
3、evice that contains a wheel that has been fitted with abrasivepaper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasionmar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces.Each test method provides good discrimination between highlymar resistant coatings.1.2 Mar resistance is assessed by
4、 measuring the gloss ofabraded and unabraded areas. Mar resistance is directly relatedto the coatings ability to retain gloss in abraded areas.NOTE 1The mar resistance values obtained by these test methodshave no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relativeperformance rankings
5、for test panels that have been prepared from theseries of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistancevalues are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a commonstandard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard.Even then, the values should be used with
6、 caution.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
7、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss2D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversi
8、on Coatings, andRelated Coating Products2D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels2D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers2D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement o
9、fDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base2D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied toa Nonferrous Metal Base2D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardness3D 3924 Specification for Standard Environmen
10、t for Condi-tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and RelatedMaterials2D 4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance23. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 mar resistancethe ability of a coating to resistpe
11、rmanent deformation or fracture, resulting from the applica-tion of a dynamic mechanical force. These test methodsmeasure resistance to visible damage caused by mild abrasion.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 The coatings that are being evaluated are applied atuniform dry film thickness to planar panels
12、 of uniform surfacetexture. After drying or curing, or both, the panels are marred.Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the coatings glosswithin the abraded and unabraded areas of test panels. Marresistance is directly related to the coatings ability to retaingloss in abraded areas.5. Significanc
13、e and Use5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used onautomobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety ofconditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) thatcan mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintaintheir appearance is an important product att
14、ribute. These testmethods provide a way to estimate the ability of high glosscoatings to resist mar damage.5.2 These test methods do not provide fundamental values.However they are suitable for estimating the ability of high1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintan
15、d Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published January 1997.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.1Cop
16、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.gloss coatings to resist mar.5.3 Since the susceptibility of coatings to marring varieswidely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “rel-evant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 t
17、o 50 cycles aresufficient.TEST METHOD A6. Apparatus6.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D 609,and D 823.6.2 Film Thickness Measuring Apparatus, as described inTest Methods D 1005, D 1186 or D 1400.6.3 Abrader4The abraser so constructed that wheels ofseveral degrees of abrasiveness ma
18、y be readily used. In thismethod only the 500-g load is used unless otherwise specified.6.4 Refacing DiscAn S-11 refacing disc4for resurfacingthe abrasive wheels. The load selected is the same as the testload.6.5 Abrasive Wheels“Calibrase” wheels CS-104, unlessotherwise specified or agreed. Wheels t
19、hat have worn to thediameter of the wheel label should not be used. If the time ofthe test is not within one year from date of purchase, thefollowing test may provide an indication of the degree ofhardening which has occurred.6.5.1 If required, measure hardness in accordance with TestMethod D 2240 o
20、n at least four points equally spaced on thecenter of the abrading surface and one point on each sidesurface of the wheel. The test on the abrading surface shall bemade with pressure applied vertically along the diameter of thewheel, and the reading taken 10 s after full pressure is applied.If any r
21、eading on a wheel exceeds the equivalent of 90 units ona Shore A scale, the wheel should be considered suspect for thismethod.NOTE 2The abrasive quality of a “Calibrase” wheel may change withhardness. Hardness can change with time and storage conditions. How-ever, abrasive quality cant be inferred f
22、rom hardness measurementsalone. Many other factors can also affect abrasive quality.6.6 Glossmeter, with 20 geometry complying with TestMethod D 523 but with an opening no larger than 1 by 3 in. (25by 75 mm) to accommodate 4 by 4-in. (100 by 100-mm) testpanels. In addition, geometry that places the
23、panel with the testsurface facing upwards tends to minimize the chance of straylight affecting the measurement when complete coverage of theopening is not attained.NOTE 3Subjective evaluations may be made visually by comparingabraded panels with a measured abraded standard using one of theprocedures
24、 in Test Method D 4449.7. Preparation of Specimens7.1 Prepare a minimum of two 4 by 4-in. panels for eachcoating that is being tested. Prepare and coat panels inaccordance with Practices D 609 and D 823.7.1.1 Panels,5that is, metal panels with a14-in. (6-mm) holedrilled in the center to accommodate
25、the mounting spindle, areavailable.7.1.2 If it is not convenient to apply test coatings to panels,5other planar, distortion-free substrates can be used by substi-tuting a “Drive Pin Type” specimen holder for the standardpanel holder.NOTE 4It is important that the panels be planar for reproducibleres
26、ults. Cutting and drilling of painted panels has not been satisfactory.NOTE 5Measurements are color dependent. Dark colors give lowervalues of gloss retention. To standardize, it is recommended that testing bedone using a black coating. Clearcoats are applied over a black basecoat.For other colors a
27、 black panel should be included as a control.8. Conditioning8.1 Cure the coated panels under conditions of temperatureand humidity as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.8.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaserand the seller, condition the coated panels for at least 24 h at
28、73.5 63.5F (23 62C) and 50 65 % relative humidity inaccordance with Specification D 3924. Conduct the test in thesame environment or immediately after removal therefrom.9. Procedure9.1 Using a glossmeter that has been properly adjusted,measure the 20 gloss at four positions within the test area that
29、will be abraded. Record the mean of these four readings as“Unabraded Gloss”.NOTE 6It is recommended that the panel be marked, or a template becreated, to ensure that measurements are taken in the area that will beabraded.9.2 Mount the pair of “Calibrase” wheels to be used on theirrespective flange h
30、olders, taking care not to handle them bytheir abrasive surfaces. Select the same load to be used in thetest and affix it to the abraser. Mount an S-11 refacing disc onthe turntable. Reface new wheels for 100 cycles. Refacepreviously used wheels for 50 cycles. Reface the wheels for 50cycles before a
31、brading each specimen. In each case brush theresidue from the resurfacing operation off each wheel. Discardthe S-11 refacing disc after each use.9.3 Mount the test panel on the turntable and subject it toabrasion for a selected number of cycles. An abrasion of 10cycles and 500 g-load are typically u
32、sed, unless otherwiseagreed upon. Use a soft camels hair brush or compressed airto remove residue from the specimen after abrasion.9.4 Repeating 9.1, measure the gloss at four positions withinthe abraded area. Record the mean of these four readings as“Abraded Gloss”.9.4.1 If the panel was marked for
33、 measurement of un-abraded gloss, it can be easily placed in the correct position formeasuring abraded gloss. However, to compensate for any4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you areawar
34、e of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of primed Taber panels known to the committee atthis t
35、ime is ACT Laboratories, 273 Industrial Drive, Hillsdale, MI. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D 60372
36、abrasion unevenness, it is desirable to make minor adjustmentsto panel position to get the four lowest gloss readings withinthe abraded area (see Note 3).9.5 Calculate the percent gloss retention for each panel fromthe following equation:percent gloss retention 5 100 3abraded gloss/unabraded gloss!(
37、1)9.6 Calculate the grand mean from the means obtained foreach of the panels used to test a particular coating and report asthe percent gloss retention for that coating.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 The percent gloss retention values that were obtainedfor each coating in the
38、 series.10.1.2 The number of panels that were tested for each of thecoatings evaluated.10.1.3 The abrasive wheel, load, and number of cycles used.10.1.4 A plot of percent gloss retention versus number ofabrasion cycles, if more than one number of abrasion cycleswas used.10.1.5 Any deviation from the
39、 test procedure.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionPrecision statements for both the entiremethod and for the glossmeter measuring system are beingdeveloped.11.2 BiasThere are no accepted standards for this test sobias cannot be determined.TEST METHOD B12. Apparatus12.1 Application Equipment, see 6
40、.1.12.2 Film Thickness Measuring Apparatus, see 6.2.12.3 Abrader,6consisting of a pressure plate for holding thetest specimen level and rigid, and a 2-in. (50-mm) diameterwheel to the outer circumference of which is attached a12-in.(12-mm) wide strip of abrasive paper. The force between thewheel and
41、 the test specimen shall be capable of being variedfrom 100 g to 3000 g so that the test specimen slides back andforth in a horizontal plane in parallel contact with the testsurface of the wheel. The abraded area is about12 by 114 in.(12 by 30 mm).12.4 Abrasive Wheel6After each double stroke (comple
42、tereciprocal movement), the wheel is advanced through an angleof 0.9 to bring an unused portion of abrasive paper intocontact with the surface before making the next double stroke.The angle of rotation is such that after 400 double strokes thewheel will have made one complete revolution. At the comp
43、le-tion of one revolution the abrasive paper shall be renewed. Therelative speed of movement is 40 62 double strokes perminute.12.5 Abrasive Paper6The abrasive paper is coated with 3m (4000 mesh) grade aluminum oxide. It shall be used bycutting12 by 6-in. (12 by 158-mm) strips to cover thecircumfere
44、nce of the wheel without overlapping, and shall bebonded into position.NOTE 7Other grades of abrasive paper may be used by mutualagreement among the interested parties.12.6 Glossmeter, see 6.6, but the glossmeter opening shouldbe no larger than12 by12 in. (12 mm by 12 mm).13. Preparation of Specimen
45、s13.1 Prepare a minimum of two panels (between 114 by 2in. (30 by 50 mm) and 3 by 12 in. (70 by 300 mm) for eachcoating that is being tested. Prepare and coat the panels inaccordance with Practices D 609 and D 823 (see Note 4 andNote 5).14. Conditioning14.1 See 8.1 and 8.2.15. Procedure15.1 Using a
46、glossmeter with 20 geometry, complying withTest Method D 523, that has been properly adjusted, measurethe gloss at two positions within the test area that will beabraded (see Fig. 1). Record the mean of these two readings as“Unabraded Gloss”.15.2 Place the test specimen into position on the apparatu
47、s.15.3 Attach a new abrasive paper to the circumference ofthe wheel.15.4 Set the apparatus to run for 10 double strokes using a500-g load.15.5 Repeating 15.1, measure the gloss at two positionswithin the abraded area. Record the mean of these two readingsas “Abraded Gloss” (see Note 3).NOTE 8A18-in.
48、 (3-mm) length at one end of the abraded area mightbe subject to extra wear because of the continual wheel rotation that takesplace at this point. This end should be ignored when taking themeasurements.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Suga Test Instru
49、ments Co., Ltd., 5-4-14, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160,Japan. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend. FIG. 1 Plantoabrade area 114 312 in. (30 3 12 mm)D 6037315.6 Calculate results as described in 9.5 and 9.6.16. Report16.1 Report the following information:16.1.1 The percent gloss retention for each coating.16.1.2 The number of panels tested.16.1.3 Th
