1、Designation: D6037 131Standard Test Methods forDry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReference to research report was added editorially to Test Method B in August 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for eval
3、uating therelative mar resistance of high gloss coatings. Two testmethods are included. Test Method A uses a device thatcontains a rotating specimen holder and two abrasive wheels.Test Method B uses a device that contains a reciprocatingspecimen holder and a single wheel that has been fitted withabr
4、asive paper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dryabrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigidsurfaces. Each test method provides good discrimination be-tween highly mar resistant coatings.NOTE 1The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods haveno absolute signific
5、ance. They should only be used to derive relativeperformance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from theseries of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistancevalues are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a commonstandard be measured and that the values
6、be compared to that standard.Even then, the values should be used with caution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
7、its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice for Preparation of C
8、old-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using Micromete
9、rsD3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning andTesting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related MaterialsD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-ences Between Surfaces of Similar AppearanceD7091 P
10、ractice for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrous MetalsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory
11、Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 mar resistance, nthe ability of a coating to resistpermanent deformation or fracture, resulting from the applica-tion of a dynamic mechanical force. These test methodsmeasure resist
12、ance to visible damage caused by mild abrasion.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The coatings that are being evaluated are applied atuniform dry film thickness to planar panels of uniform surfacetexture. After drying or curing, or both, the panels are marred.Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the co
13、atings glosswithin the abraded and unabraded areas of test panels. Marresistance is directly related to the coatings ability to retaingloss in abraded areas.5. Significance and Use5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used onautomobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety
14、ofconditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) thatcan mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintaintheir appearance is an important product attribute. These test1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, a
15、nd Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied PaintFilms.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6037 96 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6037-13E01.2For refer
16、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyri
17、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high glosscoatings to resist mar damage.5.2 These test methods do not provide fundamental values.However they are suitable for estimating the a
18、bility of highgloss coatings to resist mar.5.3 Since the susceptibility of coatings to marring varieswidely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “rel-evant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 to 50 cycles aresufficient.TEST METHOD A6. Apparatus6.1 Application Equipment, as described in Pra
19、ctices D609and D823.6.2 Film Thickness Measuring Apparatus, as described inTest Methods D1005 or D7091.6.3 Abrader (Fig. 1)3An abrasion tester as described inTest Method D4060 shall be used. In this method only the500-g load per wheel is used unless otherwise specified.6.4 Refacing Discan S-11 refac
20、ing disc3for resurfacingthe abrasive wheels. The load selected is the same as the testload.6.5 Abrasive Wheels“Calibrase” wheels CS-10,3unlessotherwise specified or agreed. Wheels that have worn to thediameter of the wheel label should not be used. Prior to testing,ensure the expiration date has not
21、 passed.NOTE 2The abrasive quality of a Calibrase wheel may change withhardness. Hardness can change with time and storage conditions.However, abrasive quality cant be inferred from hardness measurementsalone. Many other factors can also affect abrasive quality.6.6 Glossmeter, with 20 geometry compl
22、ying with TestMethod D523 but with an opening no larger than 25 by 75 mmto accommodate 100 by 100-mm test panels. In addition,geometry that places the panel with the test surface facingupwards tends to minimize the chance of stray light affectingthe measurement when complete coverage of the opening
23、is notattained.NOTE 3For coatings that are semi- to high-gloss, a glossmeter with a60 geometry may be better suited.NOTE 4Subjective evaluations may be made visually by comparingabraded panels with a measured abraded standard using one of theprocedures in Test Method D4449.7. Preparation of Specimen
24、s7.1 Prepare a minimum of two 100 by 100-mm panels foreach coating that is being tested. Prepare and coat panels inaccordance with Practices D609 and D823.7.1.1 Panels,4that is, metal panels with a 6.5-mm holedrilled in the center to accommodate the mounting spindle, areavailable.7.1.2 If it is not
25、convenient to apply test coatings to panels,4other planar, distortion-free substrates can be used by substi-tuting a “Drive Pin Type” specimen holder for the standardpanel holder.NOTE 5It is important that the panels be planar for reproducibleresults. Cutting and drilling of painted panels has not b
26、een satisfactory.NOTE 6Measurements are color dependent. Dark colors give lowervalues of gloss retention. To standardize, it is recommended that testing bedone using a black coating. Clearcoats are applied over a black basecoat.For other colors a black panel should be included as a control.3The sole
27、 source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
28、a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.4The sole source of supply of primed Taber panels known to the committee atthis time is ACT Test Panels, LLC, 273 Industrial Drive, Hillsdale, MI. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM I
29、nterna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Abrader for Method AD6037 13128. Conditioning8.1 Cure the coated panels under conditions of temperatureand humidity as agreed upon between the
30、purchaser and theseller.8.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaserand the seller, condition the coated panels for at least 24 h at23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance withSpecification D3924. Conduct the test in the same environmentor immediately after removal therefrom.9
31、. Procedure9.1 Using a glossmeter that is calibrated and verified foraccuracy, measure the 20 gloss at four positions within the testarea that will be abraded, approximately 38 mm from thecenter of the specimen and 90 apart. Record the mean of thesefour readings as “Unabraded Gloss.”NOTE 7It is reco
32、mmended that the panel be marked, or a template becreated, to ensure that measurements are taken in the area that will beabraded.9.2 Mount the pair of Calibrase wheels to be used on theirrespective flange holders, taking care not to handle them bytheir abrasive surfaces. Select the same load to be u
33、sed in thetest and affix it to the abraser. Mount an S-11 refacing disc onthe turntable. Reface the wheels for 25 cycles before abradingeach specimen. In each case lightly brush the residue from theresurfacing operation off each wheel. Discard the S-11 refacingdisc after each use.9.3 Mount the test
34、panel on the turntable and subject it toabrasion for a selected number of cycles. An abrasion of 10cycles and 500 g-load are typically used, unless otherwiseagreed upon. Use a soft camels hair brush or compressed airto remove residue from the specimen after abrasion.9.4 Repeating 9.1, measure the gl
35、oss at four positions withinthe abraded area immediately following the abrasion test unlessotherwise agreed upon by the interested parties. Record themean of these four readings as “Abraded Gloss.”9.4.1 If the panel was marked for measurement of un-abraded gloss, it can be easily placed in the corre
36、ct position formeasuring abraded gloss. However, to compensate for anyabrasion unevenness, it is desirable to make minor adjustmentsto panel position to get the four lowest gloss readings withinthe abraded area (see Note 4).9.5 Calculate the percent gloss retention for each panel fromthe following e
37、quation:percent gloss retention 5 100 3 abraded gloss/unabraded gloss! (1)9.6 Calculate the grand mean from the means obtained foreach of the panels used to test a particular coating and report asthe percent gloss retention for that coating.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 The
38、percent gloss retention values that were obtainedfor each coating in the series.10.1.2 The number of panels that were tested for each of thecoatings evaluated.10.1.3 The abrasive wheel, load, and number of cycles used.10.1.4 A plot of percent gloss retention versus number ofabrasion cycles, if more
39、than one number of abrasion cycleswas used.10.1.5 Any deviation from the test procedure.11. Precision and Bias511.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is basedon an interlaboratory study of ASTM D6037, Test Methods forDry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings MethodA, conducted in 2
40、012. Each of eight laboratories testedthree or four different materials. Every “test result” representsan individual determination, and all participants were asked toreport five test results. Unabraded and abraded gloss weremeasured and reported with both 20 and 60 geometry for allsamples. Practice
41、E691 was followed for the design andanalysis of the data; the details are given in ASTM ResearchReport RR:D01-1170.11.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitiveresults obtained by the same operator in a given laboratoryapplying the same test method with the same apparatus underconstant o
42、perating conditions on identical test material withinshort intervals of time would in the long run, in the normal andcorrect operation of the test method, exceed the followingvalues only in one case in 20.11.1.1.1 Repeatability can be interpreted as maximum dif-ference between two results, obtained
43、under repeatabilityconditions that are accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.11.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1 and 2.11.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between twosingle and independent results obtained by different o
44、peratorsapplying the same test method in different laboratories usingdifferent apparatus on identical test material would, in the longrun, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following values only in one case in 20.11.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as maximumd
45、ifference between two results, obtained under reproducibilityconditions that are accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.11.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 1 and 2.11.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibili
46、ty limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.11.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 11.1.1and 11.1.2 would have an approximate 95 % probability ofbeing correct.11.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmet
47、hod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.11.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 971 results, from eight laboratories, onseven different materials described as:A: Fluorinated aromatic aerospace polyurethane topcoat onsteel substrate (black)5Supporting
48、 data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1170. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D6037 1313B: Acrylic industrial polyurethane topcoat on steel sub-strate (black)C: Aromatic aerospace polyurethane topcoat on steel su
49、b-strate (dark blue)D: Aromatic aerospace polyurethane topcoat on steelsubstrate (black)E: Melamine formaldehyde resin laminate panel (white)F: Melamine formaldehyde resin laminate panel (yellow)G: Urethane finish on oak hardwood flooring (clear coat)11.4 To judge the equivalency of two test results, it isrecommended to choose the material closest in characteristicsto the test material.TEST METHOD B12. Apparatus12.1 Application Equipment, see 6.1.12.2 Film Thickness Measuring Apparatus, see 6.2.TABLE 1 Mar Resistance (measured with 20 degree geom
