1、Designation: D 6045 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forColor of Petroleum Products by the Automatic TristimulusMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the automatic determination ofcolor of a wide variety of petroleu
3、m products such as undyedmotor and aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, naphthas,kerosine, pharmaceutical white oils, diesel fuel oils, heatingoils, and lubricating oils by the automatic tristimulus method.This test method correlates to Test Method D 156 and TestMethod D 1500 as calculated by
4、the instrumentation.NOTE 1With the appropriate sample handling, this test method wouldapply to petroleum waxes, but they were not used in the round robin, andthe precision of this test method with regard to waxes is unknown.1.2 This test method reports results in terms of Test MethodD 156 or Test Me
5、thod D 1500.1.3 This test method has a one-to-one correlation for theentire range of Test Method D 1500 ASTM Color and for therange from 0 to +30 for Test Method D 156 Saybolt color.1.4 This test method does not apply to solid samples,petroleum products containing dye, and petroleum productshaving e
6、xtreme fluorescence.1.5 This test method does not apply to cloudy samples. Suchsamples shall be filtered so they are clear before measuring.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard t
7、o establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleu
8、m Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE System2.2 Energy Institute Standard:IP 17 Dete
9、rmination of ColourLovibond Tintometer33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ASTM colorthe name of an empirical scale ofexpressing of the color of a petroleum liquid darker thanSaybolt color based on a scale of 0.5 (lightest) to 8.0 Dil(darkest) and determined by Test Method D 1500.3.1.2 CIEthe abbrev
10、iation for the French title of theInternational Commission on Illumination, or CommissionInternationale de lEclairage. E 2843.1.3 CIE Standard Illuminant CColorimetric illuminant,representing daylight with a correlated color temperature of6774 K, defined by the CIE in terms of a relative spectralpow
11、er distribution. E 2843.1.4 CIE 1931 standard observerideal colorimetric ob-server with color matching functions x(l), y(l), z(l) corre-sponding to a field of view subtending a 2 angle on the retina;commonly called the “2 Standard Observer.” E 2843.1.5 Saybolt colorthe name of an empirical scale for
12、expressing of the color of a clear petroleum liquid based on ascale of 16 (darkest) to +30 (lightest) and determined by TestMethod D 156.3.1.6 tristimulus valuesThe amounts of three specifiedstimuli required to match a color.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn the CIE system, they are assignedthe symbols X, Y, and
13、 Z. E 2844. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is poured into the glass sample container,and the container is placed into the light path of the automaticinstrument.Atransmittance measurement is performed in orderto determine the CIE tristimulus values (under CIE Standard1This practice is under the
14、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05 onProperties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition
15、approved in 2002 as D 604502.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Methods for Analysis Testing, a
16、vailable from Energy Institute, 61 NewCavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Illuminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observ
17、er) of thesample in question. These are then converted instrumentally bythe appropriate algorithm to Saybolt color or ASTM colorvalues.4.2 The color of the sample is reported in eitherTest MethodD 156 or Test Method D 1500 values, as appropriate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Determination of the color
18、of petroleum products is usedmainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an importantquality characteristic because color is readily observed by theuser of the product. In some cases the color may serve as anindication of the degree of refinement of the material.When thecolor range of a particu
19、lar product is known, a variation outsidethe established range may indicate possible contamination withanother product. However, color is not always a reliable guideto product quality and should not be used indiscriminately inproduct specifications.6. Apparatus6.1 Either instrument described in 6.1.
20、1 or 6.1.2 may beused in this test method.6.1.1 SpectrophotometerThe spectrophotometer used inthe measurement shall satisfy the following specifications:6.1.1.1 Wavelength Range380780 nm.6.1.1.2 Effective Wavelength WidthThe effective wave-length width of the radiant flux from the slit of the spectr
21、o-photometer shall be 10 6 2nmor56 1 nm.6.1.1.3 Linearity60.5 % of full scale. Photometricreproducibility60.2 %.6.1.1.4 Wavelength Accuracy61 nm.6.1.1.5 Geometrical ConditionsNormal illumination andcollection. The illumination light flux shall not include a raywhich has an angle of five or more degr
22、ees toward the centralline. The angle of the center line inclination of the illuminationflux shall be 0 6 2 toward the normal line of the samplesurface.6.1.1.6 The spectrophotometer shall have the capability tocompute tristimulus values (CIE XYZ) using CIE StandardIlluminant C and the CIE 1931 Stand
23、ard Observer.6.1.1.7 A spectrophotometer that gives results comparableto those of the instrument described in 6.1.1.1 through 6.1.1.6shall be satisfactory.6.1.2 Tristimulus Filter ColorimeterInstrument designedfor high precision color measurement of clear liquids. Theinstrument shall be capable of c
24、onverting the light transmittedby a sample (under normal illumination/normal detection) intotristimulus values (CIE XYZ) using the CIE Standard Illumi-nant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer using PracticeE 308. A correlation between measured tristimulus values andTest Method D 1500 and Test Metho
25、d D 156 numbers shall beused to yield an equivalent instrumental ASTM color and/orSaybolt value. The instrument shall be capable of automati-cally computing ASTM color or Saybolt values, or both.4,56.1.3 Sample CellSample cell shall be clean, clear, color-less, and unaffected by the petroleum produc
26、t being measured.Cells with path lengths of 33 mm have been found suitable formeasuringASTM color, and cells with path lengths of 100 mmhave been found suitable for measuring Saybolt values. Theoperator shall follow the instrument manufacturers proceduresand recommendations.7. Reagents and Materials
27、7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society6where such specifications are available. Other grades may b
28、eused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 DiluentKerosine (WarningCombustible. Vaporharmful.) having a color of +21 saybolt color or lighter by thistest method or Test Method D 156,
29、or 1.5 by method B ofIP 17. This material is used for diluting dark samples to bemeasured for ASTM color. As an alternative, other solvents,such as white oil or solvent neutral 100 of satisfactory puritythat meet the color requirements specified here in 7.2, are alsoacceptable.8. Sampling8.1 Samples
30、 shall be taken in accordance with PracticeD 4057.9. Preparation of Sample9.1 Liquid Petroleum Products such as Lubricating OilsIfthe sample is not clear, heat it 6C (10F) above its cloud point(see Test Method D 2500) and observe the color at thattemperature. When the sample is darker than ASTM Colo
31、r 8,mix 15 volumes of the sample into 85 volumes of the kerosine,and test the mixture.4The Minolta CT320 tristimulus transmission colorimeter has been found to bea suitable instrument. The sole source of supply of the colorimeter known to thecommittee at this time is Konica Minolta Photo Imaging U.S
32、.A., Inc., InstrumentsSystems Division, 725 Darlington Ave., Mahwah, NJ 07430. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you m
33、ay attend.5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1356.6Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by t
34、he American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D604504210. Procedure10.1 CalibrationPrepare the spectrophotometer or tris-tim
35、ulus filter colorimeter for operation following the manufac-turers instructions.10.1.1 Periodic measurement of suitable Test MethodD 1500 or Test Method D 156, or both, comparative sampleswould verify instrumental performance. Refer to the manufac-turers documentation for specific details. A method
36、for creat-ing suitable samples is included in Appendix X1.10.1.2 Basic calibration procedures are given in AppendixX2.10.2 MeasurementPlace the cell filled with the sample inthe instrument, and measure according to the manufacturersinstructions.10.3 Record the ASTM color value or Saybolt number asap
37、propriate.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The color of the sample as either Saybolt color to thenearest whole number or ASTM color according to thefollowing procedure: (1) for results with decimal numericalvalues of x.1 to x.4, precede the value with the capital letter“L” or w
38、ith a “8 ASTM color.11.1.2 If the sample has been diluted in accordance with 7.2,report the color of the mixture followed by the abbreviation“Dil,” for example, “L7.5 Dil ASTM color” or “7.5 DilASTM color” (see Note 2).NOTE 2For samples that are diluted in 11.1.2, it is permissible for thelaboratory
39、 to annotate the report in any suitable manner, provided that theinformation clearly conveys to the data recipient that the sample analyzedwas diluted.11.1.3 When the sample has been filtered, add the words,“sample filtered.”12. Precision and Bias12.1 A correlation has been derived between the manua
40、lTest Method D 156 Saybolt color and the manual Test MethodD 1500 ASTM color, and this automatic method in a coopera-tive program involving five laboratories and ten petroleummaterials. Data were generated in 1993 and details andstatistical analyses are on file at ASTM Headquarters.512.2 PrecisionTh
41、e precision of this test method as ob-tained by statistical examination of interlaboratory test resultsis as follows:12.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results obtained by the same operator with the sameapparatus under constant operating conditions on identical testmaterial wo
42、uld, in the long run, in the normal and correctoperation of the test method, exceed the following value onlyin one case in twenty):12.2.1.1 r = 0.14 Saybolt color units (Test Method D 156).12.2.1.2 r = 0.10 ASTM color units (Test Method D 1500).12.2.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two single
43、and independent test results obtained by different operatorsworking in different laboratories on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following value only in one case intwenty:12.2.2.1 R = 1.24 (correlation with Test Method
44、D 156).12.2.2.2 R = 0.48 (correlation with Test Method D 1500).12.3 Bias:12.3.1 There is no bias in the correlation between this testmethod and Test Method D 1500.12.3.2 There is no bias in the correlation between this testmethod and Test Method D 156 in the range from 0 to +30.There is a bias for t
45、he range from 0 to 16.13. Keywords13.1 ASTM color; automatic colorimeter; color measure-ment; petroleum products color; Saybolt; tristimulusD6045043APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. PREPARATION PROCEDURE OF THE COLOR STANDARD SAMPLESINTRODUCTIONThis appendix is an explanation about preparation
46、 of color standard samples referred to in RR:D02-1356.5It is also an example of the preparation of possible standard samples that can be used forperiodic checks (see 10.1.1).X1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This appendix describes the preparation procedureof the Saybolt color standard samples and ASTM colorstandard
47、 samples.X1.2 Referenced DocumentsX1.2.1 IEC Standard:IEC 867 Insulating LiquidsSpecifications for UnusedLiquids Based on Synthetic Aromatic Hydrocarbons7X1.2.2 Japanese Industrial Standard:K 0510 High Purity Dodecane8X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 The apparatus shall conform to the specifications setforth in
48、 6.1 through 6.1.3.X1.3.1.1 CellsThe optical path lengths shall be 10 mm,33 mm, and 100 mm.X1.3.1.2 BalanceThe balance shall have a readability of0.1 mg or better.X1.3.1.3 PipetteThe capacity shall be 2 mL.X1.3.1.4 Volumetric FlasksThe capacity shall be 200 mLand 250 mL.X1.3.1.5 Erlenmeyer Flasks wi
49、th Standard Taper JointThe capacity shall be 100 mL.X1.3.1.6 BeakerThe capacity shall be 50 mL.X1.4 ReagentsX1.4.1 Dyes:X1.4.1.1 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-4-(phenyl azo)-pyrazol-5-ol(hereinafter referred to as Yellow 5GS-EX). The CAS RN(Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number) is 4314-14-1.X1.4.1.2 1-(phenyl azo)-2-naphthalenol (Orange EX). CASRN 842-07-9.X1.4.1.3 1,4 bis(butylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione (BlueSB). CAS RN 17354-14-2.X1.4.1.4 1-4-(dimethylphenyl)azodimethylphenylazo-2-naphthalenol (Red 5B-SP). CAS RN 1320-06-5.X1.4.1.5 1,
