1、Designation: D 6073 08aStandard Test Method forRelative Setting of Heatset Printing Inks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determin-ing the relative setting speed of heatset inks using a testerconsisting of a forced ho
3、t air oven and print delivery system.1.2 This test method is applicable to printing inks intendedto be dried by the application of heat and for which a suitablereference standard is available.1.3 Although heatset inks are normally printed by the offsetprocess, this test method specifies the direct l
4、etterpress modebecause the higher ink film thicknesses obtained tend toamplify subtle differences in ink setting speed. Prints areprepared by a flatbed printing apparatus using a constant depthprinting gage.1.4 This tester reads temperature and belt speed in nonmet-ric terms; therefore, instrument s
5、ettings in this test method arestated first in U.S. Customary Units (inch pound units ofmeasurements). The values given in parentheses are for infor-mation only.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI
6、units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determi
7、ne the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 6846 Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inkswith a Printing Gage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heatset printing ink, nan ink typically contai
8、ningaliphatic hydrocarbon solvents that evaporate at elevatedtemperatures.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A printing gage is used to prepare a laboratory printcontaining both the test sample and a standard ink. The freshlyprepared print is immediately subjected to forced hot air in thetester, which is
9、initially set at 350F (177C) and a belt speedof 30 fpm (0.15 m/s).4.2 The print is cooled, overlaid with a clean sheet of stock,passed through the printing apparatus, and examined for setoff.4.3 The process is repeated at different belt speeds ortemperatures until either the test sample or the stand
10、ardexhibits setoff and the other does not, or it is established thatboth are the same. The sample is then reported to dry fasterthan, slower than, or equal to the standard.5. Significance and Use5.1 The setting speed of heatset printing inks is importantbecause it influences the efficiency of the dr
11、ying process. Thistest method provides a means for comparing the setting of aheatset ink directly against a standard at the same conditions oftemperature and exposure time. While the method does notdetermine the setting speed of an ink on a production press, itis useful for specification acceptance
12、between the supplier andthe customer.5.2 The setting speed of a printing ink depends on a numberof variables such as the substrate on which it is printed, the filmthickness on the print, the temperature of the forced air, the rateof air flow, and the time that the print is subjected to heat. Forthes
13、e reasons, it is important to conduct the tests underconditions that are controlled and as realistic as practical.6. Apparatus6.1 Tester, equipped with a forced hot air oven and printcarrier system consisting of heat resistant revolving belts thatact as the print delivery system. The air temperature
14、 isadjustable between 100 and 600F (38 and 315C) and thespeed of the print delivery unit between 0 and 100 fpm (0 and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on P
15、rinting Inks.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 6073 - 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
16、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.0.5 m/s). The print delivery system allows the print to beexposed to hot air from the top a
17、nd bottom at the same time.6.2 Laboratory Flatbed Printing Apparatus.6.3 Printing Gage,3conforming to Practice D 6846, consist-ing of a type-high block of steel 0.918 in. (23.3 mm) in height;the top surface is precision-machined to contain a singleconstant-depth path approximately 3 by 712 in. (76 b
18、y 190mm), which is inked by means of a drawdown blade. A milleddepth of 0.4 mils (10 m) is recommended for coated paper andother smooth substrates. Deeper plates may be necessary forrougher substrates. Typical path depths and corresponding inkfilm thicknesses are given in Table 1.6.4 Drawdown Blade,
19、34 in. (102 mm) in length, so as tospan the width of the printing gage.6.5 Metal Surface, to cool the print immediately after it haspassed through the tester.6.6 Metal Block,3type-high, of similar top dimensions asthe printing gage.7. Materials7.1 Standard Heat-set Ink, as agreed upon between thesup
20、plier and the customer. The standard ink must be of thesame color and transfer characteristics as the test ink. This inkshould not be so old that changes in properties have occurredsince its manufacture.7.2 Printing Substrate, such as paper, paperboard or other asagreed upon between the supplier and
21、 customer, cut to 812 by11 in. (216 by 280 mm) or other size appropriate to the printingapparatus.7.3 Carrier, consisting of a sheet of cardboard approxi-mately 812 by 11 in. (216 by 280 mm), with a hole cut in thecenter that is slightly larger than the size of the print producedby the laboratory pr
22、inting apparatus.7.4 Setoff Sheet, cut to the same size as the printing substrate(7.2). If the printing substrate is paper, film or foil, use the samematerial. If paperboard, use coated paper 5 to 6 mils (1.1 to 1.4m) in thickness.7.5 Wash-up Materials, including an appropriate solventand lint free
23、rags or tissues.8. Sampling and Test Specimen8.1 Carefully select a sample that is free of skin and othercontamination and representative of the lot being evaluated.The minimum sample per print is less than 0.034 oz. (1 mL).Transfer to a clean container, protect with skin paper, close andseal.8.2 Wh
24、en ready to make a print, remove enough sample forone test, then close and reseal the container.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Tester:9.1.1 Prior to operation of the tester, carefully read theinstructions in the manufacturers literature.9.1.2 Set the tester on a work bench in a laboratory havingadeq
25、uate ventilation and space to accommodate the printingapparatus in close proximity.9.1.3 Provide a power supply sufficient to accommodate thetwo heat guns capable of reaching desired temperature.9.1.4 Adjust the speed control to the starting point for thetests, typically 30 fpm (0.15 m/s). In older
26、units, it may benecessary to adjust the speed with the carrier on the belt.9.1.5 Prior to the first use of the day, warm up the tester to350F (177C) by turning on the two heater units.9.2 Printing Apparatus:9.2.1 Remove the normal plate and the setoff plate (if any)from the bed of the printing appar
27、atus.9.2.2 Place an inked gage (in accordance with 10.2)inthebed of the press and pull a print in order to check whether theprinting pressure is adequate. If not, place tympan or shimunder the gage, or adjust according to the manufacturersinstructions.9.2.3 Replace the printing gage with the metal b
28、lock (6.6).Determine the number of setoff sheets needed for developingmaximum practical pressure to achieve adequate setoff in 10.8.One sheet is usually sufficient.9.3 Printing Gage:9.3.1 Prior to use, clean the printing gage and drawdownblade with solvent. Make certain they are free of dust, lint,g
29、rease, solvents or oils.9.3.2 Information relating to care of the gage and bladebefore and after use is given in Test Method D 6846.10. Procedure10.1 Make preparations as in Section 9. If necessary, adjustthe belt speed to 30 fpm and warm up the tester to 350F(177C).10.2 Place the clean dry printing
30、 gage on a bench top or inthe bed of the proof press, whichever is more convenient to theoperator. Using separate ink knives, place a small quantity ofthe test ink approximately 1 cm from the far end of the gageand across the right half of the channel. Place the standardsample next to it and across
31、the other half of the channel.10.3 Following the drawdown instructions in Test MethodD 6846, hold the scraper in a vertical position and draw theinks in juxtaposition down the length of the path. Make the3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis the Precision
32、Gage and Tool Co., 375 Gargrave Rd., Dayton, OH 45449. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.TABLE 1 Relati
33、onship Between Gage Depth and Ink FilmThicknessMachined Depth of Gage Ink Film Thicknessmils mOn GageAOn SubstratemLetterpress,BmDry Offset,Cm0.2D54210.3 7.5 6 3 1.50.4D,E10 8 4 20.6D15 12 6 3APresuming 80 % path fillage.BPresuming 50 % ink transfer from gage to substrate.CPresuming 50 % ink transfe
34、r both to blanket and to substrate.DAvailable on the 3-path FPBAA Plate C. Each path is 114 by 4 in. (3.2 by 10cm).EAvailable on the single-path gage4(described in 6.3).D 6073 08a2drawdown with a smooth steady stroke that takes about 5 s. Forpurposes of identification, use a pencil eraser or other n
35、onme-tallic material to inscribe the letter “T” close to the top of thedrawdown made with the test ink, or the letter “ S”inthedrawdown of the standard ink.10.4 Place the inked gage in the proper position in the bedof the printing apparatus with the long direction parallel to thedeadline bar. Attach
36、 the substrate to the impression cylinderand pull the print.10.5 Tape the leading edge of the print onto the carrier (7.3)and run through the tester.10.6 Remove the printing gage from the printing apparatusand replace with the metal block (6.6).10.7 Bring the print to room temperature by passing it
37、overa metal surface. Alternatively, set the print on a bench top for15 s.10.8 Place one or more clean sheets of the setoff substrate(as determined from 9.2.3) on top of the print, attach to theimpression cylinder, and run through the printing apparatus.Examine the side that was in contact with the i
38、nk film forsetoff.10.9 If neither ink exhibits setoff, increase the tester beltspeed by increments of 5 fpm (0.025 m/s) and repeat 10.2-10.8to until one ink sets off and the other does not or until it isestablished that the drying speeds are essentially the same.10.10 If both inks set off in the ini
39、tial pass, either reduce thebelt speed or raise the temperature of the tester by 25F (14C)and repeat 10.1-10.8.NOTE 1Each time a print is made, the gage and drawdown blade mustbe cleaned in order to ensure that a repeatable amount of ink is depositedin the gage. Since the thickness of the ink film i
40、s critical to the dryingspeed of the ink, a repeatable ink film thickness is important.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The drying speed of the ink as equal to, faster than orslower than the standard,11.1.2 The temperature at which the endpoint was reached,11.1.3 The speed of t
41、he carrier at the endpoint,11.1.4 The method utilized for making the print, and11.1.5 Any deviations from this test method.12. Precision and Bias412.1 An interlaboratory study was conducted in which fourlaboratories tested the relative setting of three heat-set inks. Alllaboratories agreed on the re
42、lative rating. However, since thetest is non-quantitative, it is not possible to compute repeat-ability, reproducibility, and bias.13. Keywords13.1 heat-set printing inks; printing apparatus; settingspeed; testerASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights assert
43、ed in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by t
44、he responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
45、 careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Interna
46、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1105.D 6073 08a3
