1、Designation: D6201 18Standard Test Method forDynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition EngineFuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine dynamometer testprocedure for evaluation of intake val
3、ve deposit formation ofunleaded spark-ignition engine fuels.2This test method uses aFord Ranger 2.3 L four-cylinder engine. This test methodincludes detailed information regarding the procedure,hardware, and operations.1.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)3is respon-sible for engine test stand c
4、alibration as well as issuance ofinformation letters after test method modifications are ap-proved by Subcommittee D02.A0 and Committee D02. Usersof this test method shall request copies of recent informationletters from the TMC to ensure proper conduct of the testmethod.1.3 The values stated in SI
5、units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
6、tandard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warning statements are given throughout this testmethod.1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionScope 1Referenced Document
7、s 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Subject SectionLaboratory Facilities 6.1Engine and Cylinder Head Build-Up and Measurement Area 6.1.1Engine Operating Area 6.1.2Fuel Injector Testing Area 6.1.3Intake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning Area 6.1.4Parts Rating and I
8、ntake Valve Weighing Area 6.1.5Test Stand Laboratory Equipment 6.2Test Stand Configuration 6.2.1Dynamometer Speed and Load Control System 6.2.2Intake Air Supply System 6.2.3Exhaust System 6.2.4Fuel Supply System 6.2.5Engine Control Calibration 6.2.6Ignition System 6.2.7Engine Coolant System 6.2.8Ext
9、ernal Oil System 6.2.9Temperature Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.10Pressure Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.11Flow Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.12Speed and Load Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.13Exhaust Emissions Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.14DPFE (EGR)
10、 Voltage Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.15Ignition Timing Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.16Test Engine Hardware 6.3Test Engine Parts 6.3.1New Parts Required 6.3.2Reusable Engine Parts 6.3.3Special Measurement and Assembly Equipment 6.4Reagents and Materials 7Hazards 8Reference Fuel 9
11、Preparation of Apparatus 10Test Stand Preparation 10.1Engine Block Preparation 10.2Preparation of Miscellaneous Engine Components 10.3Cylinder Head Preparation 10.4Cylinder Head Assembly 10.5Cylinder Head Installation 10.6Final Engine Assembly 10.7Calibration 11Test Stand Calibration 11.1Instrumenta
12、tion Calibration 11.2Procedure 12Pretest Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3End of Test Procedures 12.4Determination of Test Results 13Post-Test Intake Valve Weighing Procedure 13.1Photographs of PartsGeneral 13.2Induction System Rating 13.3Determina
13、tion of Test Validity-Engine Conformance 13.4Report 14Precision and Bias 15Keywords 161This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends
14、.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6201 04 (2014).DOI: 10.1520/D6201-18.2Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1453.
15、 ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.3ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United S
16、tatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to
17、Trade (TBT) Committee.1Subject SectionAnnexesDetailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A1Engine Part Number Listing Annex A2Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation Annex A31.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized prin
18、ciples on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillatio
19、n of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Eva
20、po-rationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of
21、 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn2016)5D2427 Test Met
22、hod for Determination of C2through C5Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas ChromatographyD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of P
23、etroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D50
24、59 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)5D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition
25、 of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn 2003)5D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini MethodAtmospheric)E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric
26、Karl FischerTitrationE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 ANSI Standard:6MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC):7CRC Manual 16, Carburetor and Induction System RatingManual2.4 SAE Standard:8J254 Instrume
27、ntation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas Emis-sions Measurement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.2 Definitions of Te
28、rms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 base fuel, nunleaded automotive spark-ignition en-gine fuel that does not contain a deposit control additive, butmay contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metaldeactivators, dyes, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.3.2.2 deposit control additive, nmater
29、ial added to the basefuel to prevent or remove deposits in the entire engine intakesystem.3.2.2.1 DiscussionFor the purpose of this test method, theperformance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limitedto the tulip area of intake valves.3.2.3 exhaust emissions, ncombustion products from the
30、test fuel including unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon mon-oxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unreacted oxygen (O2), andoxides of nitrogen (NOx).3.2.4 intake system, ncomponents of the engine whosefunction it is to prepare and deliver an air/fuel mixture to thecombustion chamber and includes the thro
31、ttle, intake manifold,exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and positive crankcase venti-lation (PCV) ports, cylinder head runners and ports, intakevalves, and fuel injectors.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
32、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
33、http:/www.ansi.org.7Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 5755 North PointPkwy, Suite 265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, http:/www.crcao.org.8Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.D6201 1823.2.5 intake valve deposit, nmaterial
34、accumulated on thetulip area of the intake valve, generally composed of carbon,other fuel, lubricant, and additive decomposition products, andatmospheric contaminants.3.2.6 test fuel, nbase fuel with or without the addition ofa deposit control additive.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method u
35、tilizes a 1994 Ford 2.3 L in-line, fourcylinder, Ford Ranger truck engine with 49 state emissioncalibration. The cylinder block and cylinder head are con-structed of cast iron. The engine features an overheadcamshaft, a cross-flow, fast burn cylinder head design, andelectronic port fuel injection.4.
36、2 Each test engine is built to a rigid set of specificationsusing a specially designated intake valve deposit parts kitproduced by the Ford Motor Co. (see Table A2.3). New,weighed, intake valves are used to rebuild the cylinder head.Astandard engine oil is used for each test and a new oil filter isi
37、nstalled. The test engine is subjected to a rigorous qualitycontrol procedure to verify proper engine operation. To ensurecompliance with the test objective, data acquisition of keyparameters is utilized during test operation.4.3 The complete fuel system is flushed of test fuel from theprevious test
38、. The fuel system is then filled with the new testfuel.4.4 The engine is operated on a cycle consisting of twostages. The first stage comprises operating the engine at2000 rmin and 30.6 kPa (230 mm Hg) manifold absolutepressure for 4 min. The second stage comprises operating theengine at 2800 rmin a
39、nd 71.8 kPa (540 mm Hg) manifoldabsolute pressure for 8 min. Ramp time between each stage is30 s and is independent of the stage times. The cycle isrepeated for 100 h.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test MethodThe Coordinating Research Councilsponsored testing to develop this test method to evaluate afue
40、ls tendency to form intake valve deposits.5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and RegulatoryActionRegulatory action by California Air Resources Board(CARB)9and the United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA)10necessitate the acceptance of a standardizedtest method to evaluate the intake syste
41、m deposit formingtendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.5.1.2 Relevance of ResultsThe operating conditions anddesign of the engine used in this test method are not represen-tative of all engines. These factors shall be considered wheninterpreting test results.5.2 Test Validity:5.2.1 Pr
42、ocedural ComplianceThe test results are not con-sidered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with allrequirements of this test method. Deviations from the param-eter limits presented in Sections 1214will result in an invalidtest. Apply engineering judgment during conduct of the testmetho
43、d when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of thetest results.5.2.2 Engine ComplianceA test is not considered validunless the test engine meets the quality control inspectionrequirements as described in Sections 10 and 12.6. ApparatusNOTE 1Photographs are provided in AnnexA1 depicting the req
44、uiredapparatus and suggesting appropriate design details.6.1 Laboratory Facilities:6.1.1 Engine and Cylinder Head Build-up and MeasurementAreaThe engine and cylinder head build-up and measure-ment area shall be reasonably free from contaminants andmaintained at a uniform temperature 63C(65 F) betwee
45、n10 C to 27 C (50 F to 80 F).6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe engine operating areashould be relatively free from contaminants. The temperatureand humidity level of the operating area are not specified. Airfrom a fan can be routed on to the production air intake systemto assist in maintaining intake a
46、ir temperature control.6.1.3 Fuel Injector Testing AreaThe fuel injector testingarea shall be reasonably free of contaminants. The humidityshould be maintained at a uniform comfortable level.(WarningIn addition to other precautions, provide adequateventilation and fire protection in areas where flam
47、mable orvolatile liquids and solvents, or both, are used.)6.1.4 Intake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning AreaTheintake valve rinsing and parts cleaning area shall be reasonablyfree of contaminants. The humidity should be maintained at auniform comfortable level. Because of the delicate nature ofthe d
48、eposits, do not subject the deposits to extreme changes intemperature or humidity. (WarningIn addition to otherprecautions, provide adequate ventilation and fire protection inareas where flammable or volatile liquids and solvents, or both,are used.)6.1.5 Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing AreaTh
49、eparts rating area and the intake valve weighing area shall bereasonably free of contaminants.6.2 Test Stand Laboratory Equipment:6.2.1 Test Stand ConfigurationAn example of a similartest stand configuration is described in Test Method D5302(Sequence VE lubricant test method) since the same Ford 2.3 Lbase engine is utilized. Mount the engine on the test stand sothat the flywheel friction face is 4.0 6 0.5 from the verticalwith the front of the engine higher than the rear. The engineshall be coupled directly to the dynamometer through adrivesha
