1、Designation: D6227 12D6227 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification forUnleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbonComponent1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grades UL82 and UL87 unleaded aviation gasolines, whi
3、ch are defined by this specification andare only for use in engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers, andcertified by the National Certifying Agencies to use these fuels. Components containing hetro-atoms (oxygenates) may be presentwithi
4、n the limits specified.1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by a producer as Grade UL82 or UL87 aviation gasoline only if blendedfrom component(s) approved for use in these grades of aviation gasoline by the refiner(s) of such components, because only therefiner(s) can attest to th
5、e component source and processing, absence of contamination, and the additives used and theirconcentrations. Consequently, reclassifying of any other product to Grade UL82 or Grade UL87 aviation gasoline does not meetthis specification.1.3 Appendix X1 contains an explanation for the rationale of the
6、 specification. Appendix X2 details the reasons for theindividual specification requirements.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillat
7、ion of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replaced byD 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)3D381 Test Method for
8、Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation GasolineD910 Specification for Aviation GasolinesD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Met
9、hod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2392 Test Method for Color of Dyed Aviation GasolinesD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wa
10、velength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Mic
11、rocoulometryD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.02 on Aviation GasolineJ2 Spark and Compression Ignition Av
12、iation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved April 15, 2012May 1, 2014. Published May 2012May 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 asD6227D6227 12.10. DOI: 10.1520/D6227-12.10.1520/D6227-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org,
13、or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is
14、 intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the
15、current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3237 Test Method for Lead
16、in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Spe
17、cification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon F
18、uels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols inGasoline by Gas ChromatographyD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead
19、 in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fu
20、el, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective FlameIonization DetectionD5845 Test Method for
21、Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol in Gasoline byInfrared SpectroscopyD5983 Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for Downstream Blending for Use in Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel S
22、ystemsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Military Standard:4MIL-PRF-25017F Performance Specification for Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel SolubleQPL-25017 Qualified Products List of Products Qualified Under Performance
23、Specification MIL-PRF-25017F3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation gasoline, ngasoline possessing specific properties suitable for fueling aircraft powered by reciprocating sparkignition engines.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe principal properties of aviation gasoline include volatility limits, stabilit
24、y, detonation-free performance in the engine for whichit is intended, and suitability for low temperature performance.3.1.2 non-hydrocarbon, ncompound or compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements such as O, N, S, andP.3.1.3 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing ashless organic compound, s
25、uch as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as fuelor fuel supplement.4. Grades4.1 The specification covers two grades of unleaded aviation gasoline designated Grade UL82 and Grade UL87.5. General5.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded avia
26、tion gasoline at the timeand place of delivery.6. Material6.1 Aviation gasoline, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocarbons derivedfrom crude petroleum, natural gasoline or blends, thereof, with specific aliphatic ethers, synthetic hydrocarbo
27、ns, or aromatichydrocarbons. When applicable, methyl tertiary -butyl ether (MTBE) shall conform to the requirements of Specification D5983.Types and quantities of trace alcohols shall meet the requirements of Table 1 and 6.2.4.2.4 Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave.,
28、 Bldg. 4D, Philadelphia, PA 191115094 Attn: NPODS.D6227 1426.2 Only additives approved by this specification are permitted. In addition to identification dyes, corrosion inhibitors,antioxidants, and metal deactivators, fuel system icing inhibitor additives are permitted under 6.2.4. Permitted additi
29、ves may beadded to aviation gasoline in the amount and of the composition specified in the following list of approved materials.The quantitiesand types shall be declared by the manufacturer. Additives added after the point of manufacture shall also be declared.6.2.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidati
30、on inhibitors may be added to the gasoline separately or in combination in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.6.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol.6.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol.6.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-ph
31、enol.6.2.1.4 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol, 75 % minimum.Tertiary and tritertiary-butyl-phenols, 25 % maximum.6.2.1.5 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol, 55 % minimum; 4-methyl-2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol 15 % minimum; the remain-der as a mixture of monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butyl-phenols.6.2
32、.1.6 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol, 72 % minimum.TABLE 1 Requirements for Grades UL82 and UL87 Aviation GasolineAGrade UL82 Grade UL87 ASTM Test MethodBOctane RatingsKnock value, lean mixture,Motor method octane numbermin 82.0 87.0 D2700Knock value,Research method octane numbermin . 95.0 D269
33、9Color purple yellow D2392Dye contentCBlue dye,D mg/L max 7.5 .Red dye,E mg/L max 1.9 .Yellow dye,F mg/L max . 2.8Requirements for All GradesDensity at 15C, kg/m3 Report D1298 or D4052Distillation D86Fuel Evaporated10 volume % at C max 7050 volume % at C min 66max 12190 volume % at C max 190End poin
34、t, C max 225Recovery, volume % min 95.0Residue, volume % max 2.0Loss, volume % max 3.0Vapor pressure 38C, kPa min 38 D4953, D5190, D5191, D5482Vapor pressure 38C, kPa min 38 D4953, D5191max 62GFreezing point, C max 58 D2386Sulfur, mass % max 0.07 D1266, D2622, D3120, D4294, D5453Lead content, g/L 0.
35、013H D3237 or D5059Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg 40.8 D3338,ID4529,I or D4809ICorrosion, copper strip (3 h at 50C) max No. 1 D130Potential gum (5h aging) mg/100 mLJ max 6 D873Alcohols and ether contentK,L D4815, D5599, or D5845Total combined methanol and ethanol,mass %, max0.3Combined aliphatic ethe
36、rs, methanol,and ethanol,as mass % oxygen, max2.70.3A The requirements stated herein are subject to rounding in accordance with Practice E29 and are not subject to correction for tolerance of the test method.B The test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.C The maximum dye c
37、oncentrations shown do not include solvent in dyes supplied in liquid form.D Essentially 1,4-dialkylamino-anthraquinone.E Essentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.F Essentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene or 1,3 benzenediol 2, 4bis(alkylphenyl) azo-.G Fuel with a vapor pressure grea
38、ter than 62 kPa (9.0 psi) but not exceeding 93 kPa (13.5 psi) is permissible, if the ambient temperature is not more than 29C (85F)at the time and place of delivery and all federal and local regulations are met. The vapor pressure of permissible fuel exceeding 62 kPa (9.0 psi) shall be shown on allp
39、roduct transfer documents, including the delivery document to the aircraft.H See X2.10.1 for maximum limits for lead and phosphorus in unleaded gasoline.I Use either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529, or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. See X2.7.2 for limitations and oxygen corrections required when Te
40、st Methods D3338and D4529 are applied to fuels blended with aliphatic ethers.J Test Method D381 existent gum test can provide a means of detecting deteriorated quality or contamination, or both, with heavier products following distribution fromrefinery to airport; refer to X2.9.1.K No deliberate add
41、ition of alcohols is allowed except for isopropyl alcohol, which is allowed as an additive (see 6.2.4.2)L For additional information and limitations, see X2.8D6227 143Mixture of tertiary-butyl-methyl-phenols and tertiary-butyl-dimethyl-phenols, 28 % maximum.6.2.1.7 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phen
42、ol, 35 % minimum.Mixed methyl, ethyl, and dimethyl tertiary-butyl-phenols, 65 % maximum.6.2.1.8 2,4-di-tertiary butyl-phenol, 60 % minimum.Mixed tertiary-butyl-phenol, 40 % maximum.6.2.1.9 Butylated ethyl-phenols, 55 % minimum.Butylated methyl and dimethyl-phenols, 45 % maximum.6.2.1.10 Mixture of a
43、 di- and tri-isopropyl-phenols, 75 % minimum.Mixture of di- and tri-tertiary butyl-phenols, 25 % maximum.6.2.1.11 N,N di-secondary butyl-para phenylenediamine.6.2.1.12 N,N di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.6.2.1.13 N-secondary butyl, N-phenyl ortho-phenylenediamine.6.2.2 Metal DeactivatorsA metal d
44、eactivator, N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine may be added to the gasoline in anamount not to exceed 3.0 mg/L.6.2.3 Corrosion InhibitorsCorrosion inhibitors that conform to MIL-PRF-25017F may be added to the gasoline in amountsnot exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations listed in the late
45、st revision of QPL-25017.6.2.4 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor :6.2.4.1 Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III), may be usedin concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.6.2.4.2 Isopropyl alcohol conforming to the requirements of Specification D4
46、171 (Type II) may be used in concentrationsrecommended by the aircraft manufacturers when required by the aircraft owner operator.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 The aviation gasoline shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.8. Workmanship8.1 The finished fuel shall be visually free of water, sedime
47、nt, and suspended matter.NOTE 1See Practice D4057 for appropriate sampling procedures.9. Reports9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedto by the purchaser and the supplier of the aviation gasoline.10. Test Methods1
48、0.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:10.1.1 Research OctaneTest Method D2699.10.1.2 Motor OctaneTest Method D2700.10.1.3 ColorTest Method D2392.10.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.10.1.5 Net Heat of CombustionTest
49、Method D3338, D4529, or D4809.10.1.6 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.10.1.7 Vapor PressureTest Method D4953, D5190, D5191 or D5482.10.1.8 Lead ContentTest Method D3237 or D5059 (Test Method C).10.1.9 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130 (3 h at 50C (122F).10.1.10 SulfurTest Method D1266, D2622, D3120, D4294, or D5453.10.1.11 Potential GumTest Method D873, except that wherever the letter X occurs (referring to oxidation time), insert thenumber 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in this specification.10.1.12 Alcohols/Ethers
